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        "titulo" => "Riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B pasada en pacientes con psoriasis tratados con biol&#243;gicos&#46; An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de 20 casos&#46; Registro de BIOBADADERM"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algorithm for action for HBV&#43; patients who are to receive biologic therapy&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infection with the hepatitis B virus &#40;HBV&#41; is a worldwide health issue&#46; An estimated 350 million individuals are carriers&#44; although there are marked differences in their geographic distribution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Spain is a country with an intermediate prevalence of affected individuals&#46; After establishing universal vaccination programs against HBV&#44; the prevalence in 2007 of carriers of the HB surface antigen &#40;HBsAg&#41; and those with past hepatitis B infection decreased to 0&#46;7&#37; and 8&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; although the prevalences are higher in elderly individuals and immigrants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Chronic infection with HBV is a dynamic process&#46; Individuals with past hepatitis B infection are HBsAg- although a low viral replication rate may persist&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence varies considerably according to the populations studied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In Spain&#44; the most recent study reported that 2&#46;3&#37; of the population were affected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Biologic agents targeting tumor necrosis factor &#40;TNF&#41; or interleukin 12&#47;23 have revolutionized the treatment of severe psoriasis&#46; Given their immunosuppressive properties&#44; these agents may favor reactivation of viral infections&#44; with occasionally fulminant outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Reactivation can occur at any time during treatment&#44; although it is most likely on initiation or after termination due to an immune reconstitution phenomenon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The objective of this study was to assess the risk of reactivation of HBV in HBsAg&#43; patients with psoriasis who were treated with biologic agents&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients were selected from those included in the Spanish Registry of Adverse Systemic Drug Reactions in Psoriasis &#40;BIOBADADERM&#41;&#46; The methodology used in this prospective registry has been described previously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The following study inclusion criteria were applied&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment with anti-TNF or ustekinumab</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serological evidence of past HBV infection before treatment &#40;presence in serum of antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen &#91;antiHBc&#93; and absence of HBsAg&#44; with presence or absence of hepatitis B surface antibody &#91;antiHBs&#93;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At least one assessment of HBV DNA during biologic therapy</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reactivation of HBV was defined as detection of HBV DNA in blood<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>conversion to HBsAg&#43;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hepatitis was defined as alanine aminotransferase &#40;ALT&#41; elevation to 5 times the upper limit of normal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic variables &#40;sex&#41;&#44; personal history&#44; type of psoriasis&#44; hepatotoxic and&#47;or concomitant immunosuppressive therapies&#44; and type and duration of biologic therapy received &#40;adalimumab &#91;ADA&#93;&#44; etanercept &#91;ETA&#93;&#44; efalizumab &#91;EFA&#93;&#44; infliximab &#91;IFX&#93;&#44; and ustekinumab&#41; were extracted retrospectively from the patients&#8217; medical records&#46; In addition&#44; we also extracted laboratory data &#40;ALT&#44; antiHBc&#44; antiHBs&#44; HBsAg&#44; HVB viral load&#41; to determine serological status at the start of treatment&#44; during treatment at various intervals&#44; and at the end of treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The confidence intervals for the incidence of reactivations in the absence of events were calculated using the rule of three&#44; according to the method described by Hanly et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 1030 patients with psoriasis treated with biologic agents included in the BIOBADADERM registry up until October 2013&#44; 20 met the aforementioned inclusion criteria &#40;5 women and 15 men&#41;&#46; A further 24 patients who had psoriasis treated with a biologic agent with serology findings indicative of past HBV infection were identified but not included in this study as no information was available on viral load &#40;viral reactivation could not be ruled out&#41;&#46; These patients did not&#44; however&#44; have any clinical manifestations of hepatitis&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were antiHBc&#43; and no patient was a carrier of HBsAg at the start of treatment&#46; The median duration of follow-up was 40 months &#40;9-84 months&#41;&#46; Patients received a mean of 2 biologic treatments&#46; Thirteen patients received ADA&#44; 14 ETA&#44; 7 IFX&#44; 6 UST&#44; and 1 EFA&#46; The median duration of treatment was 13 months for ADA&#44; 16 months for ETA&#44; 22 months for IFX&#44; 3 months for EFA&#44; and 18 months for ustekinumab&#46; At the end of treatment&#44; no patient had converted to HBsAg&#43;&#46; Of the 13 patients who were antiHBs&#43; at the start of treatment&#44; 2 had converted to antiHBs- at the end of treatment&#46; Three patients who were antiHBs&#8211; at the start of treatment had positive serological titers at the end of treatment&#46; Transaminase levels remained within normal range at the start and end of treatment in all patients&#46; The median number of serological assessments during follow-up was 5&#46; All patients had information on viral load available at the end of treatment and in all cases&#44; the virus was undetectable&#46; The initial viral load was measured in only 7 patients&#44; and the virus was undetectable in all of them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; No patient received prophylaxis for hepatitis B during therapy&#46; Reactivation according to the definition given above of hepatitis B was not detected in any patients&#46; The risk of HBV reactivation during the study was 0&#37; &#40;95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 0&#37;-14&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently guidelines for the management of psoriasis list hepatitis B infection as a relative contraindication for the use of anti-TNF agents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> They recommend that seropositive patients for HBsAg are treated with antiviral therapy before starting treatment&#46; In addition&#44; close monitoring of hepatic function and viral load is recommended in patients with serology suggestive of HBV infection&#44; given that increased viral load is usually the first event in the reactivation process&#44; before increased transaminases and seroconversion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anti-TNF drugs are a risk factor for reactivation of hepatitis B&#44; as TNF appears to inhibit viral replication and stimulate T lymphocte cytotoxic response&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Most cases of HBV reactivation with use of anti-TNF agents have been reported in patients affected by diseases other than psoriasis &#40;inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatic diseases&#41;&#46; In the review published by P&#233;rez-&#193;lvarez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> in 2011 &#40;168 patients with past hepatitis B in treatment with anti-TNF agents&#41;&#44; the risk of reactivation is reported as 5&#37;&#44; with a mortality rate in these cases of 11&#37;&#46; Lee et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> published a meta-analysis of 468 antiHBc&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>and HBsAg&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>patients from 9 different studies&#46; The authors found 8 cases of HBV reactivation &#40;1&#46;7&#37;&#41; and in 7 of these HBV DNA was detected&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the experience in psoriasis is much less extensive&#44; with reports only of sporadic cases or small series&#44; and most reactivations occurred in chronic HBV carriers &#40;HBsAg&#43;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;22</span></a> These patients constitute the group with highest risk of reactivation &#40;20&#37;-50&#37;&#41;&#44; and HBV prophylaxis is mandatory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In past infection &#40;antiHBc&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>with HBsAg&#8211;&#41;&#44; reactivation is rare&#44; although the risk can increase by up to 10&#37; when antiHBs status is lost over time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In our study&#44; 2 patients lost antiHBs status&#44; but HBV reactivation did not occur&#46; We have only found 4 studies of patients with psoriasis treated with anti-TNF agents and past hepatitis B &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;19&#44;24&#44;25</span></a> As in our series of cases&#44; no hepatitis reactivation was observed with the use of anti-TNF agents&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between HBV and ustekinumab is less well known&#46; It has been suggested that IL12 could be necessary to maintain control over viral replication&#44; promoting Th-1 response&#44; and stimulating interferon gamma production&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Recently&#44; an isolated case of hepatitis B reactivation was reported in an antiHBc&#43; and HBsAg&#8211; patient in treatment with ustekinumab for psoriasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> We have only found 2 studies in patients with hepatitis B and psoriasis treated with ustekinumab&#46; Navarro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> described 5 chronic HBsAg carriers in whom HBV reactivation did not occur with associated antiviral treatment&#46; Chui et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> reported 14 patients treated with ustekinumab&#44; and of these&#44; 3 had past hepatitis B&#46; None of these patients received antiviral prophylaxis and there were no reactivations&#46; The 11 remaining patients were chronic carriers of the virus&#46; Seven had not received any antiviral prophylaxis and 2 experienced hepatitis B reactivation&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the above&#44; 2 main conclusions can be drawn&#58; the first is that the risk of reactivation depends on serological status&#44; as this reflects the immune control of infection and therefore the risk of reactivation&#46; In chronic HBV carriers &#40;HBsAg&#43;&#41;&#44; antiviral prophylaxis is recommended due to the high risk of reactivation&#46; In contrast&#44; this risk is lower in patients with past hepatitis B &#40;HBsAg&#8211; with antiHBc&#43;&#41;&#46; Thus&#44; in clinical practice&#44; the treating physician does not routinely request viral load assessments during follow-up &#40;in our study&#44; such assessments had been requested in 45&#37; of the patients&#41;&#46; However&#44; it would be advisable in these patients with HBV&#43; serology to have an assessment of viral load before starting biologic therapy to rule out occult carriers&#44; which would be an exceptional though possible occurrence&#46; A study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF agents found 4 patients positive for viral DNA among 12 patients with serology consistent with past hepatitis B &#40;antiHBc&#43;&#44; antiHBs&#8211;&#44; and HBsAg&#8211;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> One of these had HBV reactivation&#46; The authors also found that the risk of reactivation depended on the disease for which the biologic therapy had been indicated&#46; The reason could potentially be related to the concomitant treatment associated with the biologic agent&#46; Concomitant use of immunosuppressants such as methotrexate&#44; azathioprine&#44; and oral corticosteroids is more frequent in rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease than in psoriasis&#46; In fact&#44; Loras et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> found that the only risk factor for reactivation of hepatitis B in a multivariate analysis was association of 2 or more immunosuppressive agents&#46; Of note&#44; however&#44; is a prospective study published recently with 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and past hepatitis B&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> No cases of viral reactivation were detected despite therapy with anti-TNF&#945; agents and disease-modifying agents&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&#44; in which no reactivation was reported&#44; the maximum risk of hepatitis B reactivation was 14&#37;&#44; according to the rule of three&#46; According to the authors who reported the method&#44; and on this point we fully agree&#44; the absence of events in a study does not imply that it is impossible for an event to occur&#46; They therefore propose a change of approach in the interpretation of these types of findings&#44; and suggest considering the maximum risk of the event according to the sample size of the study instead focusing on the lack of an event&#46; The maximum risk in our study &#40;14&#37;&#41; is probably an overestimate because the number of patients in our cohort is small&#46; In addition&#44; the observational nature of the study excludes patients who have not undergone any assessment of viral load and these patients probably are at lower risk of reactivation&#46; If we add our cases to those published &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; in which there were also no cases of reactivation&#44; the sample size is 112&#46; With this number&#44; the maximum estimated risk of hepatitis B reactivation is 2&#46;7 cases per 100 patients with psoriasis and past hepatitis B who receive treatment with biologic agents&#44; without antiviral prophylaxis&#44; and with a mean follow-up of approximately 30 months&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Special mention should be made of patients with serology consistent with past hepatitis B and antiHBs&#8211;&#44; in whom it would be advisable to rule out occult carriers &#40;with a higher risk of reactivation and in whom antiviral prophylaxis is recommended&#44; as in chronic carriers&#41; by requesting viral DNA before starting biologic therapy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;28&#44;29</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The importance of HBV reactivation lies in the fact that it is a preventable event and so the risk of developing a potentially serious or even fatal case of acute hepatitis can be avoided&#46; Close follow-up is recommended in patients with HBV&#43; serology&#44; and a hepatologist should assess the risk of viral reactivation in these patients before initiating biologic therapy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Ethical Responsibilities</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed their hospital&#39;s protocol on the publication of data concerning patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained the informed consent of patients and&#47;or subjects mentioned in this article&#46; The informed consent form is located in the archives of the corresponding author&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BIOBADADERM receives funding from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology&#44; the Spanish Medicines and Health Products Agency&#44; and the pharmaceutical industry &#40;Abbott&#44; Merck-Schering Plough&#44; Pfizer-Wyeth&#41;&#46; The collaborating companies provide similar amounts of funding and do not participate in the analysis or interpretation of the results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Vanaclocha has given talks paid for by Abbott&#44; Pfizer&#44; MSD&#44; and Janssen&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ignacio Garc&#237;a-Doval has been paid travel expenses by Merck&#47;Schering-Plough&#44; Pfizer&#44; and Janssen to attend congresses</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gregorio Carretero has acted as a consultant and researcher for Abbott&#44; Janssen-Cilag&#44; MSD&#44; and Pfizer&#44; and has received fees from Abbott&#44; Jannsen and Pfizer and equipment from MSD and Pfizer&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esteban Daud&#233;n has carried out the following activities&#58; advisory board member&#44; consultant&#44; grant recipient&#44; research support&#44; participation in clinical trials&#44; and paid talks with Abbvie&#47;Abbott&#44; Amgen&#44; Janssen-Cilag&#44; Leo Pharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Pfizer&#44; MSD-Schering-Plough&#44; Celgene&#44; and Lilly&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diana Patricia Ruiz-Genao has been a speaker for by Abbott&#44; Pfizer&#44; MSD&#44; and Janssen&#46; M&#46; Merc&#232; Alsina-Gibert has participated as a consultant for Pfizer&#44; Abbvie&#44; Jannsen&#44; and MSD&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz P&#233;rez-Zafrilla has given talks paid for by Pfizer and Wyeth&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Raquel Rivera has participated as a consultant and researcher for Abbvie&#44; Janssen&#44; MSD&#44; Pfizer-Wyeth&#44; Celgene&#44; Leo Pharma&#44; and Novartis&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 5&#37; risk of reactivation of hepatitis B virus &#40;HBV&#41; infection has been reported in patients with diseases other than psoriasis treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors&#46; The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with a past history of HBV infection who were receiving biologic therapy for psoriasis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a multicenter study of 20 patients with psoriasis who were treated with at least 1 biologic agent&#46; All the patients had serologic evidence of past HBV infection &#40;positive total hepatitis B core antibody and negative hepatitis B surface antibody&#41;&#46; We analyzed the clinical&#44; serological&#44; and liver function variables recorded before&#44; during&#44; and at the end of follow-up&#46; The viral load at the end of follow-up was also analyzed for all patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None of the patients fulfilled the criteria for HBV reactivation at the end of a median follow-up period of 40 months&#46; Combining our data with data from other studies of psoriasis patients with a past history of HBV infection who were treated with a biologic&#44; we calculated a maximum estimated risk of HBV reactivation for a mean follow-up period of 30 months of 2&#46;7 reactivations per 100 patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biologic therapy did not cause HBV reactivation in our series of patients&#46; Nonetheless&#44; because of the potentially serious complications associated with HBV reactivation&#44; it is important to measure viral load in patients with a history of HBV infection prior to initiation of biologic therapy to rule out occult carriage&#46; These patients should also be monitored regularly in conjunction with a hepatologist&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha reportado un riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B pasada de hasta el 5&#37; en pacientes tratados con f&#225;rmacos dirigidos contra el factor de necrosis tumoral para enfermedades distintas a la psoriasis&#46; Nuestro objetivo es investigar el riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n del virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes con hepatitis B pasada y psoriasis tratada con biol&#243;gicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico en el que se incluyeron 20 pacientes con serolog&#237;a sugestiva de hepatitis B pasada &#40;antiHBc&#43;&#44; ant&#237;geno HBs&#8211;&#41; y diagn&#243;stico de psoriasis tratada con al menos un biol&#243;gico&#46; Se recogieron variables cl&#237;nicas&#44; serol&#243;gicas y de funci&#243;n hep&#225;tica antes&#44; durante y al final del seguimiento&#46; Se obtuvo una carga viral al final del seguimiento en todos los pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ning&#250;n paciente mostr&#243; criterios de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B al final del estudio&#44; con una mediana de seguimiento de 40 meses&#46; Sumando los datos de otras series publicadas de pacientes con psoriasis y hepatitis B pasada tratados con biol&#243;gicos&#44; el riesgo m&#225;ximo ser&#237;a de 2&#44;7 reactivaciones por 100 pacientes tratados con un seguimiento medio de unos 30 meses&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio el tratamiento con biol&#243;gicos no provoc&#243; ninguna reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B&#46; Sin embargo&#44; debido a las graves complicaciones asociadas a la misma&#44; se aconseja descartar portadores ocultos en pacientes con hepatitis B pasada antes de iniciar tratamiento biol&#243;gico &#40;solicitando una carga viral al inicio del mismo&#41;&#44; as&#237; como un seguimiento conjunto con un hepat&#243;logo&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n y objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Sanz-Bueno J&#44; Vanaclocha F&#44; Garc&#237;a-Doval I&#44; Torrado R&#44; Carretero G&#44; Daud&#233;n E&#44; et al&#46; Riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B pasada en pacientes con psoriasis tratados con biol&#243;gicos&#46; An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de 20 casos&#46; Registro de BIOBADADERM&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2015&#59;106&#58;477&#8211;482&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1424
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algorithm for action for HBV&#43; patients who are to receive biologic therapy&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">End&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AntiHBc&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HBsAg&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DNA HVB&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AntiHBs&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;65&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ALT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>upper limit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab849463.png"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Viral load assessed in 7 of 20 patients&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient Serological Characteristics &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prophylaxis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median Follow-up&#44; mo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Outcome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nosotti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No reactivation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cassano et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No reactivation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prignano et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No reactivation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Navarro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No reactivation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present series&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No reactivation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab849462.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Reactivation of Hepatitis B in Patients With Past Hepatitis B &#40;HBsAg&#8211;&#41; and Psoriasis in Treatment With Anti-TNF Agents&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Alter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hepatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S64"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S69"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14708680"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Declining prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Catalonia &#40;Spain&#41; 12 years after the introduction of universal vaccination"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Salleras"
                            1 => "A&#46; Dom&#237;nguez"
                            2 => "M&#46; Bruguera"
                            3 => "P&#46; Plans"
                            4 => "J&#46; Costa"
                            5 => "N&#46; Carde&#241;osa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.027"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "8726"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8731"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18045753"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "EASL clinical practice guidelines&#58; Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "European Association For The Study Of The Liver"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hepatol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "167"
                        "paginaFinal" => "185"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22436845"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Psoriasis&#58; Epidemiology&#44; clinical features&#44; and quality of life"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Langley"
                            1 => "G&#46;G&#46; Krueger"
                            2 => "C&#46;E&#46; Griffiths"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2004.033217"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "64 Suppl 2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "ii18"
                        "paginaFinal" => "ii23"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15708928"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
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Original Article
Risk of Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Psoriasis Patients Treated With Biologics: A Retrospective Analysis of 20 Cases From the BIOBADADERM Database
Riesgo de reactivación de hepatitis B pasada en pacientes con psoriasis tratados con biológicos. Análisis retrospectivo de 20 casos. Registro de BIOBADADERM
J. Sanz-Buenoa,
Autor para correspondencia
jsanzbueno@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, F. Vanaclochaa, I. García-Dovalb,c, R. Torradod, G. Carreterod, E. Daudéne, D. Patricia Ruiz-Genaof, M.M. Alsina-Gibertg, B. Pérez-Zafrillac,h, G. Pérez-Riali, R. Riveraa, miembros del grupo BIOBADADERM
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo y Unidad de Investigación, Vigo, Spain
c Fundación de la Academia Española de Dermatología, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
e Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
f Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
g Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
h Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
i Servicio de Medicina del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infection with the hepatitis B virus &#40;HBV&#41; is a worldwide health issue&#46; An estimated 350 million individuals are carriers&#44; although there are marked differences in their geographic distribution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Spain is a country with an intermediate prevalence of affected individuals&#46; After establishing universal vaccination programs against HBV&#44; the prevalence in 2007 of carriers of the HB surface antigen &#40;HBsAg&#41; and those with past hepatitis B infection decreased to 0&#46;7&#37; and 8&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; although the prevalences are higher in elderly individuals and immigrants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Chronic infection with HBV is a dynamic process&#46; Individuals with past hepatitis B infection are HBsAg- although a low viral replication rate may persist&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence varies considerably according to the populations studied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In Spain&#44; the most recent study reported that 2&#46;3&#37; of the population were affected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Biologic agents targeting tumor necrosis factor &#40;TNF&#41; or interleukin 12&#47;23 have revolutionized the treatment of severe psoriasis&#46; Given their immunosuppressive properties&#44; these agents may favor reactivation of viral infections&#44; with occasionally fulminant outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Reactivation can occur at any time during treatment&#44; although it is most likely on initiation or after termination due to an immune reconstitution phenomenon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The objective of this study was to assess the risk of reactivation of HBV in HBsAg&#43; patients with psoriasis who were treated with biologic agents&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients were selected from those included in the Spanish Registry of Adverse Systemic Drug Reactions in Psoriasis &#40;BIOBADADERM&#41;&#46; The methodology used in this prospective registry has been described previously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The following study inclusion criteria were applied&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment with anti-TNF or ustekinumab</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serological evidence of past HBV infection before treatment &#40;presence in serum of antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen &#91;antiHBc&#93; and absence of HBsAg&#44; with presence or absence of hepatitis B surface antibody &#91;antiHBs&#93;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At least one assessment of HBV DNA during biologic therapy</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reactivation of HBV was defined as detection of HBV DNA in blood<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>conversion to HBsAg&#43;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hepatitis was defined as alanine aminotransferase &#40;ALT&#41; elevation to 5 times the upper limit of normal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic variables &#40;sex&#41;&#44; 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no patient had converted to HBsAg&#43;&#46; Of the 13 patients who were antiHBs&#43; at the start of treatment&#44; 2 had converted to antiHBs- at the end of treatment&#46; Three patients who were antiHBs&#8211; at the start of treatment had positive serological titers at the end of treatment&#46; Transaminase levels remained within normal range at the start and end of treatment in all patients&#46; The median number of serological assessments during follow-up was 5&#46; All patients had information on viral load available at the end of treatment and in all cases&#44; the virus was undetectable&#46; The initial viral load was measured in only 7 patients&#44; and the virus was undetectable in all of them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; No patient received prophylaxis for hepatitis B during therapy&#46; Reactivation according to the definition given above of hepatitis B was not detected in any patients&#46; The risk of HBV reactivation during the study was 0&#37; &#40;95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 0&#37;-14&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently guidelines for the management of psoriasis list hepatitis B infection as a relative contraindication for the use of anti-TNF agents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> They recommend that seropositive patients for HBsAg are treated with antiviral therapy before starting treatment&#46; In addition&#44; close monitoring of hepatic function and viral load is recommended in patients with serology suggestive of HBV infection&#44; given that increased viral load is usually the first event in the reactivation process&#44; before increased transaminases and seroconversion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anti-TNF drugs are a risk factor for reactivation of hepatitis B&#44; as TNF appears to inhibit viral replication and stimulate T lymphocte cytotoxic response&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Most cases of HBV reactivation with use of anti-TNF agents have been reported in patients affected by diseases other than psoriasis &#40;inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatic diseases&#41;&#46; In the review published by P&#233;rez-&#193;lvarez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> in 2011 &#40;168 patients with past hepatitis B in treatment with anti-TNF agents&#41;&#44; the risk of reactivation is reported as 5&#37;&#44; with a mortality rate in these cases of 11&#37;&#46; Lee et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> published a meta-analysis of 468 antiHBc&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>and HBsAg&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>patients from 9 different studies&#46; The authors found 8 cases of HBV reactivation &#40;1&#46;7&#37;&#41; and in 7 of these HBV DNA was detected&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the experience in psoriasis is much less extensive&#44; with reports only of sporadic cases or small series&#44; and most reactivations occurred in chronic HBV carriers &#40;HBsAg&#43;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;22</span></a> These patients constitute the group with highest risk of reactivation &#40;20&#37;-50&#37;&#41;&#44; and HBV prophylaxis is mandatory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In past infection &#40;antiHBc&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>with HBsAg&#8211;&#41;&#44; reactivation is rare&#44; although the risk can increase by up to 10&#37; when antiHBs status is lost over time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In our study&#44; 2 patients lost antiHBs status&#44; but HBV reactivation did not occur&#46; We have only found 4 studies of patients with psoriasis treated with anti-TNF agents and past hepatitis B &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;19&#44;24&#44;25</span></a> As in our series of cases&#44; no hepatitis reactivation was observed with the use of anti-TNF agents&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between HBV and ustekinumab is less well known&#46; It has been suggested that IL12 could be necessary to maintain control over viral replication&#44; promoting Th-1 response&#44; and stimulating interferon gamma production&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Recently&#44; an isolated case of hepatitis B reactivation was reported in an antiHBc&#43; and HBsAg&#8211; patient in treatment with ustekinumab for psoriasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> We have only found 2 studies in patients with hepatitis B and psoriasis treated with ustekinumab&#46; Navarro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> described 5 chronic HBsAg carriers in whom HBV reactivation did not occur with associated antiviral treatment&#46; Chui et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> reported 14 patients treated with ustekinumab&#44; and of these&#44; 3 had past hepatitis B&#46; None of these patients received antiviral prophylaxis and there were no reactivations&#46; The 11 remaining patients were chronic carriers of the virus&#46; Seven had not received any antiviral prophylaxis and 2 experienced hepatitis B reactivation&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the above&#44; 2 main conclusions can be drawn&#58; the first is that the risk of reactivation depends on serological status&#44; as this reflects the immune control of infection and therefore the risk of reactivation&#46; In chronic HBV carriers &#40;HBsAg&#43;&#41;&#44; antiviral prophylaxis is recommended due to the high risk of reactivation&#46; In contrast&#44; this risk is lower in patients with past hepatitis B &#40;HBsAg&#8211; with antiHBc&#43;&#41;&#46; Thus&#44; in clinical practice&#44; the treating physician does not routinely request viral load assessments during follow-up &#40;in our study&#44; such assessments had been requested in 45&#37; of the patients&#41;&#46; However&#44; it would be advisable in these patients with HBV&#43; serology to have an assessment of viral load before starting biologic therapy to rule out occult carriers&#44; which would be an exceptional though possible occurrence&#46; A study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF agents found 4 patients positive for viral DNA among 12 patients with serology consistent with past hepatitis B &#40;antiHBc&#43;&#44; antiHBs&#8211;&#44; and HBsAg&#8211;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> One of these had HBV reactivation&#46; The authors also found that the risk of reactivation depended on the disease for which the biologic therapy had been indicated&#46; The reason could potentially be related to the concomitant treatment associated with the biologic agent&#46; Concomitant use of immunosuppressants such as methotrexate&#44; azathioprine&#44; and oral corticosteroids is more frequent in rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease than in psoriasis&#46; In fact&#44; Loras et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> found that the only risk factor for reactivation of hepatitis B in a multivariate analysis was association of 2 or more immunosuppressive agents&#46; Of note&#44; however&#44; is a prospective study published recently with 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and past hepatitis B&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> No cases of viral reactivation were detected despite therapy with anti-TNF&#945; agents and disease-modifying agents&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&#44; in which no reactivation was reported&#44; the maximum risk of hepatitis B reactivation was 14&#37;&#44; according to the rule of three&#46; According to the authors who reported the method&#44; and on this point we fully agree&#44; the absence of events in a study does not imply that it is impossible for an event to occur&#46; They therefore propose a change of approach in the interpretation of these types of findings&#44; and suggest considering the maximum risk of the event according to the sample size of the study instead focusing on the lack of an event&#46; The maximum risk in our study &#40;14&#37;&#41; is probably an overestimate because the number of patients in our cohort is small&#46; In addition&#44; the observational nature of the study excludes patients who have not undergone any assessment of viral load and these patients probably are at lower risk of reactivation&#46; If we add our cases to those published &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; in which there were also no cases of reactivation&#44; the sample size is 112&#46; With this number&#44; the maximum estimated risk of hepatitis B reactivation is 2&#46;7 cases per 100 patients with psoriasis and past hepatitis B who receive treatment with biologic agents&#44; without antiviral prophylaxis&#44; and with a mean follow-up of approximately 30 months&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Special mention should be made of patients with serology consistent with past hepatitis B and antiHBs&#8211;&#44; in whom it would be advisable to rule out occult carriers &#40;with a higher risk of reactivation and in whom antiviral prophylaxis is recommended&#44; as in chronic carriers&#41; by requesting viral DNA before starting biologic therapy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;28&#44;29</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The importance of HBV reactivation lies in the fact that it is a preventable event and so the risk of developing a potentially serious or even fatal case of acute hepatitis can be avoided&#46; Close follow-up is recommended in patients with HBV&#43; serology&#44; and a hepatologist should assess the risk of viral reactivation in these patients before initiating biologic therapy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Ethical Responsibilities</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed their hospital&#39;s protocol on the publication of data concerning patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained the informed consent of patients and&#47;or subjects mentioned in this article&#46; The informed consent form is located in the archives of the corresponding author&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BIOBADADERM receives funding from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology&#44; the Spanish Medicines and Health Products Agency&#44; and the pharmaceutical industry &#40;Abbott&#44; Merck-Schering Plough&#44; Pfizer-Wyeth&#41;&#46; The collaborating companies provide similar amounts of funding and do not participate in the analysis or interpretation of the results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Vanaclocha has given talks paid for by Abbott&#44; Pfizer&#44; MSD&#44; and Janssen&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ignacio Garc&#237;a-Doval has been paid travel expenses by Merck&#47;Schering-Plough&#44; Pfizer&#44; and Janssen to attend congresses</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gregorio Carretero has acted as a consultant and researcher for Abbott&#44; Janssen-Cilag&#44; MSD&#44; and Pfizer&#44; and has received fees from Abbott&#44; Jannsen and Pfizer and equipment from MSD and Pfizer&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esteban Daud&#233;n has carried out the following activities&#58; advisory board member&#44; consultant&#44; grant recipient&#44; research support&#44; participation in clinical trials&#44; and paid talks with Abbvie&#47;Abbott&#44; Amgen&#44; Janssen-Cilag&#44; Leo Pharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Pfizer&#44; MSD-Schering-Plough&#44; Celgene&#44; and Lilly&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diana Patricia Ruiz-Genao has been a speaker for by Abbott&#44; Pfizer&#44; MSD&#44; and Janssen&#46; M&#46; Merc&#232; Alsina-Gibert has participated as a consultant for Pfizer&#44; Abbvie&#44; Jannsen&#44; and MSD&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz P&#233;rez-Zafrilla has given talks paid for by Pfizer and Wyeth&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Raquel Rivera has participated as a consultant and researcher for Abbvie&#44; Janssen&#44; MSD&#44; Pfizer-Wyeth&#44; Celgene&#44; Leo Pharma&#44; and Novartis&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-11-12"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-01-23"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Hepatitis B"
            1 => "Psoriasis"
            2 => "Biologic therapy"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 5&#37; risk of reactivation of hepatitis B virus &#40;HBV&#41; infection has been reported in patients with diseases other than psoriasis treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors&#46; The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with a past history of HBV infection who were receiving biologic therapy for psoriasis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a multicenter study of 20 patients with psoriasis who were treated with at least 1 biologic agent&#46; All the patients had serologic evidence of past HBV infection &#40;positive total hepatitis B core antibody and negative hepatitis B surface antibody&#41;&#46; We analyzed the clinical&#44; serological&#44; and liver function variables recorded before&#44; during&#44; and at the end of follow-up&#46; The viral load at the end of follow-up was also analyzed for all patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None of the patients fulfilled the criteria for HBV reactivation at the end of a median follow-up period of 40 months&#46; Combining our data with data from other studies of psoriasis patients with a past history of HBV infection who were treated with a biologic&#44; we calculated a maximum estimated risk of HBV reactivation for a mean follow-up period of 30 months of 2&#46;7 reactivations per 100 patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biologic therapy did not cause HBV reactivation in our series of patients&#46; Nonetheless&#44; because of the potentially serious complications associated with HBV reactivation&#44; it is important to measure viral load in patients with a history of HBV infection prior to initiation of biologic therapy to rule out occult carriage&#46; These patients should also be monitored regularly in conjunction with a hepatologist&#46;</p></span>"
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          1 => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha reportado un riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B pasada de hasta el 5&#37; en pacientes tratados con f&#225;rmacos dirigidos contra el factor de necrosis tumoral para enfermedades distintas a la psoriasis&#46; Nuestro objetivo es investigar el riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n del virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes con hepatitis B pasada y psoriasis tratada con biol&#243;gicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico en el que se incluyeron 20 pacientes con serolog&#237;a sugestiva de hepatitis B pasada &#40;antiHBc&#43;&#44; ant&#237;geno HBs&#8211;&#41; y diagn&#243;stico de psoriasis tratada con al menos un biol&#243;gico&#46; Se recogieron variables cl&#237;nicas&#44; serol&#243;gicas y de funci&#243;n hep&#225;tica antes&#44; durante y al final del seguimiento&#46; Se obtuvo una carga viral al final del seguimiento en todos los pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ning&#250;n paciente mostr&#243; criterios de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B al final del estudio&#44; con una mediana de seguimiento de 40 meses&#46; Sumando los datos de otras series publicadas de pacientes con psoriasis y hepatitis B pasada tratados con biol&#243;gicos&#44; el riesgo m&#225;ximo ser&#237;a de 2&#44;7 reactivaciones por 100 pacientes tratados con un seguimiento medio de unos 30 meses&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio el tratamiento con biol&#243;gicos no provoc&#243; ninguna reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B&#46; Sin embargo&#44; debido a las graves complicaciones asociadas a la misma&#44; se aconseja descartar portadores ocultos en pacientes con hepatitis B pasada antes de iniciar tratamiento biol&#243;gico &#40;solicitando una carga viral al inicio del mismo&#41;&#44; as&#237; como un seguimiento conjunto con un hepat&#243;logo&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Sanz-Bueno J&#44; Vanaclocha F&#44; Garc&#237;a-Doval I&#44; Torrado R&#44; Carretero G&#44; Daud&#233;n E&#44; et al&#46; Riesgo de reactivaci&#243;n de hepatitis B pasada en pacientes con psoriasis tratados con biol&#243;gicos&#46; An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de 20 casos&#46; Registro de BIOBADADERM&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2015&#59;106&#58;477&#8211;482&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">End&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AntiHBc&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HBsAg&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DNA HVB&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;65&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ALT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>upper limit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
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ISSN: 15782190
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