Cases for Diagnosis
A Midfacial Nodule of Recent Onset
Nódulo centrofacial de reciente aparición
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Necrotic ulcers in the right nasal cavity and on the upper lip, right cheek, and tongue.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M.M. Serrano-Martín, J. del Boz, M. Chaffanel-Peláez, A. Vera-Casaño" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.M." "apellidos" => "Serrano-Martín" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "del Boz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Chaffanel-Peláez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." 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García-Río, V. Almeida Llamas, V. Moreno" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "García-Río" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "irene@aedv.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Almeida Llamas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Moreno" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Álava, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Álava, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Nódulo centrofacial de reciente aparición" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 539 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 165912 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CD20 and CD3 staining, original magnification x40.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Case Description</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Medical History</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 44-year-old woman with no relevant medical history consulted for a lesion on the right ala of the nose of 15 days’ duration. She reported that it was slightly painful and had grown rapidly. She did not recall any injuries to the area and there were no accompanying systemic symptoms.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Physical Examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, firm erythematous nodule measuring approximately 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm on the right ala of the nose. (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Histopathology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologic examination showed a diffuse folliculocentric mixed infiltrate throughout the dermis. The infiltrate was composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and some eosinophils (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Immunohistochemical staining showed almost equal proportions of CD20<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> and CD3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> cells in the infiltrate (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Focal CD30 positivity was also observed and S100 protein staining showed some dendritic cells around the follicles. Molecular biology analysis showed the infiltrate to be polyclonal.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Additional Tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of laboratory tests were unremarkable.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">What Is Your Diagnosis?</span></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Clinical Course and Treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biopsy of the lesion was followed by complete regression of the nodule. At the time of writing, more than a year later, the patient remains asymptomatic.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Comments</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis, a condition first described by McNutt in 1986, is a rare clinicopathologic variant of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, with just under 50 cases described to date.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–6</span></a> It usually presents as a solitary nodule on the face, particularly on the nose, cheeks, or forehead, although it is occasionally found at other sites.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> The nodule grows rapidly, reaching a maximum size of no more than 1.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and producing few symptoms; it typically presents in the fourth decade of life and affects men and women equally.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Biopsy is required for diagnosis, with results showing a polymorphous infiltrate containing abundant lymphocytes in a distinctive arrangement around the hair follicles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Characteristic changes in the hair follicles are sometimes observed, including irregular hyperplasia, epithelial deformation, and blurring of the follicle walls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Positive immunohistochemical staining for CD3 and CD20 demonstrates the presence of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, as does, on occasions, CD1a and S100 protein positivity in the cells around the follicles. Most cases are reported to be polyclonal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Although pseudolymphomatous folliculitis and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia may be considered to be similar or even overlapping entities, the latter has a number of distinguishing features.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a> It presents as a plaque or nodule or a group of plaques or nodules on the face, trunk, or upper extremities and can take months or years to resolve. Histologic examination shows a dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate with germinal centers, which is more intense in the upper dermis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a> Other entities that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis are lymphoma, granulomatous rosacea, inflamed cyst, lupus tumidus, lymphocytic infiltrate, and insect or spider bites.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a> The clinical course is benign and self-limiting. In all the cases reported to date, including ours, biopsy led to the complete regression of the lesion. Although there is no evidence that pseudolymphomatous folliculitis can progress to lymphoma, some authors recommend close monitoring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,6</span></a> The etiology and pathogenesis of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis are still poorly understood but the most widely accepted theory is that it is a subtype of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. It has, however, also been speculated that it might be a variant of rosacea or a previously uncharacterized hair follicle disease. On examining the biopsy results of 15 patients with pseudolymphomatous folliculitis, Arai et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> coined the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">activation of hair follicles</span> to describe the changes observed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It has been postulated that the follicle may contain an antigen that triggers an exaggerated local immune response.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The fact that a biopsy would eliminate the antigen would explain why the lesions disappear following this procedure. We present a new case of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis, a controversial entity or pseudo-entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodular lesions in the midface region.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case Description" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Medical History" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Physical Examination" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Histopathology" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Additional Tests" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Diagnosis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Clinical Course and Treatment" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Comments" ] 5 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: García-Río I, Almeida Llamas V, Moreno V. Nódulo centrofacial de reciente aparición. Actas Dermosifiliogr.2012;103:635-636.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1122 "Ancho" => 1505 "Tamanyo" => 185894 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythematous nodule on the right ala of the nose.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 638 "Ancho" => 855 "Tamanyo" => 196636 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hematoxylin-eosin staining, original magnification x40.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 539 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 165912 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CD20 and CD3 staining, original magnification x40.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A case of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.W. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2024 Octubre | 113 | 59 | 172 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 82 | 30 | 112 |
| 2024 Agosto | 118 | 76 | 194 |
| 2024 Julio | 105 | 40 | 145 |
| 2024 Junio | 115 | 50 | 165 |
| 2024 Mayo | 123 | 41 | 164 |
| 2024 Abril | 85 | 42 | 127 |
| 2024 Marzo | 105 | 41 | 146 |
| 2024 Febrero | 109 | 38 | 147 |
| 2024 Enero | 93 | 35 | 128 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 80 | 25 | 105 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 121 | 22 | 143 |
| 2023 Octubre | 101 | 28 | 129 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 110 | 34 | 144 |
| 2023 Agosto | 80 | 17 | 97 |
| 2023 Julio | 77 | 47 | 124 |
| 2023 Junio | 68 | 40 | 108 |
| 2023 Mayo | 96 | 54 | 150 |
| 2023 Abril | 100 | 29 | 129 |
| 2023 Marzo | 84 | 21 | 105 |
| 2023 Febrero | 60 | 33 | 93 |
| 2023 Enero | 67 | 33 | 100 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 76 | 49 | 125 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 39 | 34 | 73 |
| 2022 Octubre | 59 | 31 | 90 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 37 | 28 | 65 |
| 2022 Agosto | 48 | 29 | 77 |
| 2022 Julio | 64 | 40 | 104 |
| 2022 Junio | 94 | 37 | 131 |
| 2022 Mayo | 73 | 35 | 108 |
| 2022 Abril | 67 | 41 | 108 |
| 2022 Marzo | 76 | 56 | 132 |
| 2022 Febrero | 54 | 38 | 92 |
| 2022 Enero | 55 | 44 | 99 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 55 | 53 | 108 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 63 | 51 | 114 |
| 2021 Octubre | 65 | 52 | 117 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 47 | 47 | 94 |
| 2021 Agosto | 59 | 33 | 92 |
| 2021 Julio | 39 | 30 | 69 |
| 2021 Junio | 21 | 37 | 58 |
| 2021 Mayo | 36 | 36 | 72 |
| 2021 Abril | 41 | 40 | 81 |
| 2021 Marzo | 56 | 34 | 90 |
| 2021 Febrero | 47 | 31 | 78 |
| 2021 Enero | 43 | 12 | 55 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 30 | 21 | 51 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 25 | 10 | 35 |
| 2020 Octubre | 26 | 13 | 39 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 29 | 5 | 34 |
| 2020 Agosto | 34 | 24 | 58 |
| 2020 Julio | 34 | 10 | 44 |
| 2020 Junio | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2020 Mayo | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2020 Abril | 29 | 14 | 43 |
| 2020 Marzo | 35 | 19 | 54 |
| 2020 Febrero | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2020 Enero | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2019 Agosto | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2019 Junio | 6 | 25 | 31 |
| 2019 Mayo | 4 | 20 | 24 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2019 Marzo | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2019 Febrero | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2019 Enero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 Octubre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Febrero | 115 | 3 | 118 |
| 2018 Enero | 99 | 5 | 104 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 115 | 5 | 120 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 76 | 4 | 80 |
| 2017 Octubre | 73 | 7 | 80 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 74 | 4 | 78 |
| 2017 Agosto | 59 | 5 | 64 |
| 2017 Julio | 49 | 6 | 55 |
| 2017 Junio | 71 | 9 | 80 |
| 2017 Mayo | 98 | 4 | 102 |
| 2017 Abril | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 2017 Marzo | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2017 Febrero | 166 | 7 | 173 |
| 2017 Enero | 79 | 8 | 87 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 102 | 3 | 105 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 148 | 20 | 168 |
| 2016 Octubre | 210 | 19 | 229 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 191 | 12 | 203 |
| 2016 Agosto | 198 | 5 | 203 |
| 2016 Julio | 106 | 8 | 114 |
| 2016 Junio | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2016 Mayo | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2016 Abril | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2016 Marzo | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2016 Febrero | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2016 Enero | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 32 | 1 | 33 |
| 2015 Octubre | 55 | 7 | 62 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2015 Agosto | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2015 Julio | 177 | 8 | 185 |
| 2015 Junio | 108 | 3 | 111 |
| 2015 Mayo | 106 | 8 | 114 |
| 2015 Abril | 107 | 10 | 117 |
| 2015 Marzo | 89 | 12 | 101 |
| 2015 Febrero | 64 | 10 | 74 |
| 2015 Enero | 90 | 20 | 110 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 55 | 9 | 64 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 60 | 11 | 71 |
| 2014 Octubre | 79 | 16 | 95 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 67 | 13 | 80 |
| 2014 Agosto | 38 | 3 | 41 |
| 2014 Julio | 37 | 4 | 41 |
| 2014 Junio | 37 | 2 | 39 |
| 2014 Mayo | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2014 Abril | 36 | 3 | 39 |
| 2014 Marzo | 44 | 9 | 53 |
| 2014 Febrero | 28 | 4 | 32 |
| 2014 Enero | 41 | 8 | 49 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2013 Octubre | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2013 Agosto | 19 | 26 | 45 |
| 2013 Julio | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2013 Junio | 14 | 9 | 23 |
| 2013 Mayo | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2013 Abril | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2013 Marzo | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2013 Febrero | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2013 Enero | 49 | 5 | 54 |
| 2012 Diciembre | 20 | 4 | 24 |
| 2012 Noviembre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2012 Octubre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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