Case and Research Letters
Dermoscopic Features of Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Características dermatoscópicas de la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman cutánea
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"apellidos" => "Alfageme Roldán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón’, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Características dermatoscópicas de la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman cutánea" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 710 "Ancho" => 951 "Tamanyo" => 88216 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopic image with yellow homogeneous areas surrounded by large telangiectatic vessels on a red-orange background (Fig. 2).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rosai-Dorfman disease is a benign histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown etiology. The presenting sign is usually asymptomatic massive lymphadenopathy. Exclusively cutaneous cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease are rare. We present a case report of the disease and describe its dermoscopic features.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 29-year old man with no relevant medical or surgical history was seen for a lesion that had been growing progressively for several years in the left pectoral region. A biopsy report from another hospital indicated diagnosis of atypical xanthogranuloma.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The physical examination showed an infiltrated plaque with a heterogeneous surface and well-defined borders. Its longest diameter was 4.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and it had an erythematous-orange appearance, a central whitish area, and multiple yellowish structures at the edges (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The dermoscopic image showed a milky-red area in the center of the lesion, whereas the outer part had multiple yellowish homogeneous areas of different sizes with irregular borders, surrounded by large telangiectatic vessels on a red-orange background (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Given the progressive growth of the lesion and the discomfort it caused the patient, radical excision was performed.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologic examination revealed a poorly-defined dermal proliferation of large histiocytes. extending downwards into the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The histiocytes had large eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm and round homogeneous nuclei and some contained intact lymphocytes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). In addition to the histiocytes, there was abundant inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of plasma cells, with lymphocytes, giant multinucleated cells, and xanthomatous histiocytes with small nuclei. A prominent fibrous stroma was seen with a highly vascularized storiform pattern. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for S-100 and CD68 and negative for CD1a. The presence of emperipolesis and the immunohistochemical profile pointed to diagnosis of a cutaneous variant of Rosai-Dorfman disease. No hematologic abnormalities, lymph node involvement, or abnormalities in other organs were observed in the staging study.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rosai-Dorfman disease, or massively enlarged lymph nodes with sinus histiocytosis, is a histiocytic proliferation in which approximately 40% of the patients have extranodal involvement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> The skin is the most frequently affected organ. Purely cutaneous forms of Rosai-Dorfman disease are rare. Skin lesions are nonspecific and may take the form of solitary or multiple lesions of different sizes and morphologies. They can present on any part of the body and the clinical differential diagnosis includes a broad range of conditions including panniculitis, vasculitis, acne vulgaris, suppurative hidradenitis, granuloma annulare, and sarcoidosis, as well as other histiocytoses.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Kong et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> proposed a classification based on the morphologic features of 39 lesions. Papulonodular lesions were the most common form (accounting for almost 80%) followed by the infiltrated plaque type (12.5%) and the tumor type (7.7%). The histologic findings in cutaneous lesions are similar to those found in lymph tissue. The main finding is a dense infiltrate of large histiocytes and a large pale cytoplasm with rounded nuclei. The cytoplasm contains intact leukocytes, usually lymphocytes, a phenomenon known as lymphophagocytosis or emperipolesis. Typically, these histiocytes are positive for S-100 and negative for CD1a, and can be either positive or negative for CD68. The immunohistochemical profile is essential for histologic diagnosis, as fibrosis, vascular proliferation, lymphoid clusters, foam cells, and multinucleated Touton giant cells may or may not be present, and so confusion with other histiocytic processes, and with juvenile xanthogranuloma in particular, is possible.The dermoscopic features of Rosai-Dorfman disease have not been widely reported in the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a> Rodríguez Blanco et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> reported a case of Rosai-Dorfman disease on the sole, characterized by cotton-like ovoid structures on an erythematous background in the dermoscopic image. In contrast, the dermoscopic features in our case were similar to those described for juvenile xanthogranuloma, that is, a yellow-orange homogeneous central area and a somewhat more erythematous peripheral area. This is known as the setting sun feature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The presence of clouds of pale yellow globules is considered indicative of xanthomatous histiocytes in the superficial dermis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The presence of comma vessels,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> arborizing telangiectasia,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and whitish linear projections has also been reported, particularly in advanced cases of juvenile xanthogranuloma. The differential dermoscopic diagnosis should be performed with solitary yellow lesions, such as juvenile xanthogranuloma, organoid nevus or sebaceous nevus, xanthomatous dermatofibroma, and solitary reticulohistiocytoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9–11</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lesion we describe was large, morphologically irregular, with dermoscopic features similar to those described for juvenile xanthogranuloma or solitary reticulohistiocytoma, although our lesion had a wider range of coloration, with a milky-red central zone, multiple yellow clouds surrounded by arborizing vessels, and an erythematous-orange peripheral area.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is rare and lacks specific clinical characteristics. It should be suspected when an infiltrate of xanthomatous histiocytes is observed, particularly if these histiocytes contain intact lymphocytes. Given that the differential diagnosis of this disease can be difficult, dermoscopy can be useful, particularly when features with a yellow coloration are present, as in the case presented here.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Avilés-Izquierdo JA, et al. Características dermatoscópicas de la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman cutánea. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:446-8.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 708 "Ancho" => 951 "Tamanyo" => 112966 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Yellow-orange plaque in the left pectoral region.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 710 "Ancho" => 951 "Tamanyo" => 88216 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopic image with yellow homogeneous areas surrounded by large telangiectatic vessels on a red-orange background (Fig. 2).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 713 "Ancho" => 951 "Tamanyo" => 212014 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histologic detail showing eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm and round homogeneous nuclei. Intact lymphocytes can be observed inside some of these histiocytes (emperipolesis) (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification x400).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. A newly recognized benign clinicopathological entity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Rosai" 1 => "R.F. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| 2024 Octubre | 66 | 39 | 105 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 65 | 19 | 84 |
| 2024 Agosto | 81 | 52 | 133 |
| 2024 Julio | 64 | 34 | 98 |
| 2024 Junio | 65 | 30 | 95 |
| 2024 Mayo | 55 | 37 | 92 |
| 2024 Abril | 75 | 33 | 108 |
| 2024 Marzo | 64 | 33 | 97 |
| 2024 Febrero | 65 | 26 | 91 |
| 2024 Enero | 45 | 39 | 84 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 40 | 21 | 61 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 57 | 32 | 89 |
| 2023 Octubre | 66 | 29 | 95 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 64 | 40 | 104 |
| 2023 Agosto | 42 | 20 | 62 |
| 2023 Julio | 38 | 45 | 83 |
| 2023 Junio | 54 | 32 | 86 |
| 2023 Mayo | 46 | 42 | 88 |
| 2023 Abril | 41 | 28 | 69 |
| 2023 Marzo | 68 | 38 | 106 |
| 2023 Febrero | 64 | 28 | 92 |
| 2023 Enero | 73 | 33 | 106 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 70 | 45 | 115 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 46 | 39 | 85 |
| 2022 Octubre | 39 | 37 | 76 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 31 | 36 | 67 |
| 2022 Agosto | 34 | 43 | 77 |
| 2022 Julio | 28 | 42 | 70 |
| 2022 Junio | 38 | 35 | 73 |
| 2022 Mayo | 43 | 38 | 81 |
| 2022 Abril | 36 | 49 | 85 |
| 2022 Marzo | 40 | 48 | 88 |
| 2022 Febrero | 21 | 47 | 68 |
| 2022 Enero | 37 | 41 | 78 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 22 | 39 | 61 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 41 | 45 | 86 |
| 2021 Octubre | 41 | 42 | 83 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 41 | 41 | 82 |
| 2021 Agosto | 27 | 21 | 48 |
| 2021 Julio | 28 | 38 | 66 |
| 2021 Junio | 26 | 30 | 56 |
| 2021 Mayo | 42 | 47 | 89 |
| 2021 Abril | 53 | 74 | 127 |
| 2021 Marzo | 49 | 41 | 90 |
| 2021 Febrero | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2021 Enero | 26 | 26 | 52 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 17 | 12 | 29 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 20 | 28 | 48 |
| 2020 Octubre | 27 | 16 | 43 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 38 | 13 | 51 |
| 2020 Agosto | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2020 Julio | 32 | 24 | 56 |
| 2020 Junio | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2020 Mayo | 33 | 23 | 56 |
| 2020 Abril | 35 | 19 | 54 |
| 2020 Marzo | 30 | 20 | 50 |
| 2020 Febrero | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2020 Enero | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2019 Octubre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2019 Agosto | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2019 Junio | 4 | 14 | 18 |
| 2019 Mayo | 7 | 42 | 49 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 9 | 11 |
| 2019 Marzo | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2019 Febrero | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2019 Enero | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Octubre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Marzo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Febrero | 100 | 3 | 103 |
| 2018 Enero | 56 | 8 | 64 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 97 | 12 | 109 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 33 | 3 | 36 |
| 2017 Octubre | 54 | 9 | 63 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 52 | 10 | 62 |
| 2017 Agosto | 68 | 10 | 78 |
| 2017 Julio | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2017 Junio | 69 | 12 | 81 |
| 2017 Mayo | 71 | 7 | 78 |
| 2017 Abril | 55 | 23 | 78 |
| 2017 Marzo | 69 | 16 | 85 |
| 2017 Febrero | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2017 Enero | 27 | 10 | 37 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 48 | 6 | 54 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 70 | 10 | 80 |
| 2016 Octubre | 57 | 7 | 64 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 95 | 14 | 109 |
| 2016 Agosto | 68 | 11 | 79 |
| 2016 Julio | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2016 Junio | 14 | 25 | 39 |
| 2016 Mayo | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2016 Abril | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2016 Marzo | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2016 Febrero | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2016 Enero | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 27 | 2 | 29 |
| 2015 Octubre | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| 2015 Agosto | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2015 Julio | 82 | 11 | 93 |
| 2015 Junio | 73 | 8 | 81 |
| 2015 Mayo | 124 | 11 | 135 |
| 2015 Abril | 92 | 12 | 104 |
| 2015 Marzo | 78 | 5 | 83 |
| 2015 Febrero | 81 | 12 | 93 |
| 2015 Enero | 57 | 22 | 79 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 67 | 11 | 78 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 62 | 10 | 72 |
| 2014 Octubre | 74 | 20 | 94 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 59 | 12 | 71 |
| 2014 Agosto | 67 | 12 | 79 |
| 2014 Julio | 68 | 14 | 82 |
| 2014 Junio | 79 | 12 | 91 |
| 2014 Mayo | 40 | 5 | 45 |
| 2014 Abril | 40 | 3 | 43 |
| 2014 Marzo | 45 | 9 | 54 |
| 2014 Febrero | 35 | 15 | 50 |
| 2014 Enero | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 33 | 11 | 44 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 39 | 13 | 52 |
| 2013 Octubre | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 26 | 13 | 39 |
| 2013 Agosto | 29 | 19 | 48 |
| 2013 Julio | 19 | 32 | 51 |
| 2013 Junio | 18 | 28 | 46 |
| 2013 Mayo | 14 | 18 | 32 |
| 2013 Abril | 10 | 29 | 39 |
| 2013 Marzo | 17 | 22 | 39 |
| 2013 Febrero | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| 2013 Enero | 43 | 7 | 50 |
| 2012 Diciembre | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2012 Noviembre | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2012 Octubre | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2012 Agosto | 2 | 1 | 3 |
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