Tinea Capitis: Trends in Spain | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

array:24 ["pii" => "S1578219012001400" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "483" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV" "copyrightAnyo" => "2011" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:288-93" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2930 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 58 "HTML" => 2058 "PDF" => 814 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0001731011004200" "issn" => "00017310" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.08.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "483" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:288-93" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4066 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 2 "HTML" => 3065 "PDF" => 999 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Novedades en Dermatología" "titulo" => "Tendencias de la tinea capitis en España" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "288" "paginaFinal" => "293" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tinea Capitis: Trends in Spain" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. del Boz-González" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "del Boz-González" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1578219012001400" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.007" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001400?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731011004200?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000010300000004/v1_201304241404/S0001731011004200/v1_201304241404/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219012001412" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "484" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:294-300" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2889 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 49 "HTML" => 2194 "PDF" => 646 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Articles" "titulo" => "Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Study From the National Dermatology Center of Colombia" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "294" "paginaFinal" => "300" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo de carcinoma basocelular. Un estudio del Centro Nacional de Dermatología de Colombia" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "G. Sánchez, J. Nova, F. de la Hoz" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Nova" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "de la Hoz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731011004212" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.07.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731011004212?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001412?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001412/v1_201304241303/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219012001527" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.019" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "451" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:285-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4371 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 56 "HTML" => 3311 "PDF" => 1004 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Practical Dermatology" "titulo" => "Tumescent Anesthesia in Dermatologic Surgery" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "285" "paginaFinal" => "287" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Anestesia tumescente en cirugía dermatológica" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1451 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 213596 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "After tumescent anesthesia bleeding is scant and dissecting along the tissue plane is easier." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "P. Davila, I. Garcia-Doval" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Davila" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Garcia-Doval" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731011003267" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.06.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731011003267?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001527?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001527/v1_201304241303/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Novelties in Dermatology" "titulo" => "Tinea Capitis: Trends in Spain" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "288" "paginaFinal" => "293" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "J. del Boz-González" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "del Boz-González" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "javierdelboz@yahoo.es" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Málaga, Spain" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tendencias de la tinea capitis en España" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Dermatophytoses (fungal infections of the skin, popularly called ringworm) vary in terms of clinical features and causative agents according to geographic area and even over time in the same geographic area,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–14</a> due to a large number of factors, mainly related to climate (humidity and temperature), socioeconomic circumstances (migration, hygiene, war, access to healthcare, etc), and treatment (nonspecific treatment, lack of effective treatments, new treatments, etc).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,3,9,10,12,15</a>These variations need to be studied and accounted for. Although dermatophytoses logically need to be treated according to the etiological diagnosis, based, in turn, on a physical examination and culture,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> empirical treatment is warranted in cases where lesions are inflammatory and symptomatic, and where there is a risk of contagion; in such cases the choice of treatment and recommendations for appropriate changes in hygiene and diet need to be guided by knowledge of the local epidemiology—by both the dermatologist and primary care physician.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> This would indicate the need for regular, localized epidemiology studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">9,18</a>In Spain, several studies have collected and analyzed epidemiological data<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,4,7–10,12,19–31</a> from a regional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6,32,33</a> and even national<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,5,6,18,34,35</a> perspective. However, most of these studies collected data over relatively short periods of time, usually no more than one or a few years,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">9,10,17,18,20,22–25,27–30,33</a> although with some notable exceptions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,6–8,19</a> Most were also retrospective studies of preselected populations with dermatologic disorders. Only 2 prospective studies have sought to establish the national incidence of ringworm of the scalp in children in Spain, reporting incidences of 0.23% and 0.64%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">29,30</a> However, these studies are subject to selection bias: since they were conducted in urban areas with large immigrant populations, they were only partially representative of the Spanish population. Worthy of mention, nonetheless, are several large national studies regarding trends in dermatophytosis in Spain up to the late 20th century, based on analysis and review of studies published over many decades; noteworthy examples are the studies by Crespo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> in 1999 and Pereiro et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">34</a> in 1996.Ringworm of the scalp, or tinea capitis, is an infection of the scalp caused by dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum or Trichophyton.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,31,36</a> Tinea capitis, which occurs most frequently in children, remains the most common fungal infection among this population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,17,36</a> In adults it is relatively rare but not unheard of, and mainly affects perimenopausal and elderly women. As we will see below, there have been clear trends in tinea capitis over the last few centuries in Spain, yet few national studies have been implemented that document this fungal infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085">17,19,30,37</a> Tinea capitis was epidemic and a major public health problem in the 19th century in much of Europe, including Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,19,38</a> Infectious agents were mainly anthropophilic, with Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton schonleinii, Trichophyton violaceum, and Trichophyton tonsurans prevailing as causative agents in most of Western Europe (including Spain) and in the Mediterranean region.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,3,34</a> Especially prevalent was a particular type of inflammatory tinea capitis, called tinea favosa, or favus,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> usually caused by T schoenlinii.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> By the mid-20th century, the use of griseofulvin and improved hygiene significantly reduced the number of cases of tinea capitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,7,38</a> by reducing the incidence of anthropophilic infections: the favus agent (T schonleinii) and certain microsporum-induced tineas (mainly those caused by M audouinii) virtually disappeared, and there was a significant decrease in the trichophytic tinea capitis agents (T tonsurans and T violaceum). The previously frequent outbreaks of tinea capitis in schools caused by the spread of anthropophilic dermatophytes were thus brought under control. Meanwhile, the anthropophilic agents came to be displaced (both in Spain and the rest of Europe) by zoophilic species (mainly Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6,17,19</a>Possible causes of the growing predominance of zoophilic dermatophytes are socioeconomic factors and the growing presence of pets in cities. In fact, the most commonly isolated dermatophyte in most cases of tinea capitis in Spain up to the early 21st century was M canis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6–9,17–20,22,27,32–34,39,40</a>with cats and dogs as the usual source of infection (when identified), often infecting several members of the same family.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">14,17,19</a>M canis is still considered to be the most commonly isolated dermatophyte for cases of tinea capitis worldwide,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> and is certainly so in Europe,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> most especially in the Mediterranean area (Italy, Croatia, Greece, etc). In most Spanish studies, T mentagrophytes (var. mentagrophytes) was the second most frequently isolated agent,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,6,7,9,17,19,32</a> including in our own series (where it was the most frequent cause of inflammatory tinea capitis)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a>; infection in this case was mainly attributed to contact with rabbits.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085">17,26,28,39</a>There now seems to be a new shift underway, back towards the predominance of the anthropophilic tineas in Europe, mainly in urban areas with high immigration (especially from Africa).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085">17,19,36,41–43</a> Noteworthy is the increase in tinea capitis cases caused by T tonsurans in countries like the United Kingdom,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">12,42,44–46</a> Ireland,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> and Holland,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">47</a> and in cities like Paris,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> and also the fact that T violaceum was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in tinea capitis studies performed in Turkey,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">48</a> Rotterdam,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">49</a> and Stockolm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">50</a> Remarkable also is the growing incidence of infections caused by other anthropophilic dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton soudanense (in France, Germany, and Belgium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">36,41</a>) and Microsporum audouinii (in France,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">51</a> the United Kingdom,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> and Belgium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a>).Developments in Spain are following a similar trend. Since the late 20th century, cases of tinea capitis caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes have been on the rise, typically in areas with large immigrant populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,8,30</a>T tonsurans, for example, was isolated as a relatively frequent cause of tinea capitis in a study performed in Madrid,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a> and was, in fact, the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in a prospective study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">30</a> This agent was also isolated (although less frequently) as a cause of tinea capitis in studies conducted in Malaga,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> Cadiz,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> and Santiago de Compostela.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a>T violaceum, meanwhile, was also isolated as a very frequent cause of tinea capitis in recent studies conducted in Barcelona<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> and Madrid,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a> and was the anthropophilic dermatophyte most frequently isolated in another study in Malaga.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> This dermatophyte is closely associated with immigration from North Africa.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">52</a> Recent years have also witnessed a small increase in tinea capitis cases caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes considered rare in our setting, such as T soudanense (in Santiago de Compostela,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085">17,34,53</a> Malaga,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> Cadiz,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> Zaragoza,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> and Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>) and M audouinii (in Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a> and Zaragoza<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a>). The increase in anthropophilic infection should be a cause for concern,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> as it implies increased prevalence of tinea capitis in schools and associated family epidemics.Clinical presentation of tinea capitis has also changed in line with changes in the pattern of infectious agents. Zoophilic dermatophytes cause microsporum-induced and commonly inflammatory tineas, which typically present with isolated or patchy hairless plaques, with ectothrix invasion in the form of spores outside the hair shaft; anthropophilic agents, on the other hand, typically cause noninflammatory trichophytic tineas, with a black dot pattern, and usually presenting as multiple irregular hairless plaques, with endothrix spore invasion within the hair shaft. Virtually nonexistent in Spain nowadays, but prevalent in the early 20th century was favus, a form of inflammatory tinea capitis characterized by the presence of highly contagious scabs formed of raised yellow cup-shaped crusts (scutula) that encircle the hair follicles. When the agent is anthropophilic, it is also important to screen household contacts for paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic carriers, given the high risk of contagion. This kind of contact, which makes it difficult to eradicate tinea capitis, may, in fact, explain the increase in infections with this etiology in urban areas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,30,40,41,54</a>Diagnostic methods have also advanced with the development of new procedures such as dermoscopy, which highlighted the recently described comma-hair marker.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">55</a> However, it is important to point out that the confirmatory diagnosis for suspected tinea capitis must always be based on a physical examination and culture. Physical examination to determine the kind of hair infestation will indicate the cause of the tinea capitis, and, hence, the specific treatment to follow; the culture will indicate whether the dermatophyte is zoophilic, anthropophilic, or geophilic, and will, in turn, indicate the prophylactic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> and therapeutic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> measures to be adopted.Treatment of tinea capitis has also varied over the years. Oral griseofulvin is still the treatment of choice for tinea capitis in children (and the only treatment approved for this population by the Food and Drug Administration),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">54,56-59</a> ever since its effectiveness was documented by Williams and Marten in 1958. The use of griseofulvin led, as we noted previously, to a significant reduction in epidemics; it also led to a decline in treatments hitherto used, including x-ray epilation (as proposed by Sabouraud at the end of the 19th century), thallium acetate, and mechanical epilation. Although the dose and duration of treatment varies depending on the patient,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295">59,60</a> griseofulvin (in tablet form) is currently recommended at doses of 25-30mg/kg daily (up to 1g daily in adults). Note that, for Spain, where only the micronized formulation is available, the dose indicated in the summary of product characteristics (10–20mg/kg daily) is generally insufficient, as it corresponds to the dose for the ultramicronized formulation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">56</a> Treatment duration, usually 6 to 12 weeks, mainly depends on the causative agent.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">59</a>T tonsurans, for example, may require a longer treatment period, and there is a growing number of cases of dermatophyte resistance to griseofulvin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">59</a> An alternative treatment, also recognized as effective, is terbinafine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300">60-63</a> (250mg daily for adults), with the dose adjusted for children by weight (over 40kg: as for adults; 20-40kg: half the adult daily dose; under 20kg: quarter the adult daily dose). Although terbinafine may occasionally be ineffective for tineas caused by M canis and M audouinii,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">16,63</a> it has fewer drug interactions and may be useful in cases of suspected griseofulvin resistance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">59</a> Similarly, the duration of treatment varies depending on the infectious agent; 2 to 4 weeks of treatment is recommended for Trichophyton infections and 8 to 12 weeks for Microsporum infections. To sum up, griseofulvin is recommended as the treatment of choice for suspected microsporum-induced tinea capitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280">56,60</a> Terbinafine, on the other hand, is recommended for suspected Trichophyton infection, and for cases of griseofulvin resistance and polypharmacy, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280">56,59–61</a> as it is at least equally effective and safe, usually has a faster mechanism of action, requires a shorter treatment period, and has fewer drug interactions. Second-line drugs, much more costly than griseofulvin, are itraconazole,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">54,58,64</a> ketoconazole,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">65</a> and fluconazole.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280">56,66</a> Topical antifungals, proven to be effective in reducing the risks of transmission and of reinfection and in shortening healing time, are useful as adjuvant treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">56</a>In the case of inflammatory tineas, the risk of scarring alopecia is high, so treatment needs to commence immediately. The drugs and doses prescribed above may be used, but some authors also advocate the concomitant use of antiinflammatory agents—usually prednisone at doses of 1mg/kg daily for 1-2 weeks—applied directly to the lesion in localized processes or taken systemically when involvement is diffuse.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> Oral antibiotics should only be prescribed if there is secondary bacterial infection.With regard to preventive measures, although recent studies state that there is no need for children (particularly older ones) to stay away from school while receiving treatment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">54,57</a> this recommendation is controversial,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a> as contact at school is probably the single most important independent factor in the rapid transmission of anthropophilic tineas.As mentioned previously, the possibility of contact with paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic carriers needs to be taken into account, especially with anthropophilic infection, given the high transmission risk.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">59</a> Cultures should be obtained, and the use of antifungal shampoos may be sufficient, even though their efficacy has not been established.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,9,30,41,67,68</a> To limit contagion within families due to suspected anthropophilic infection, the importance of not sharing personal hygiene items and of disinfecting the bath or shower after use by possibly infected individuals should be emphasized.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a> Organisms responsible for tinea capitis have been cultivated from fomites such as combs, hats, pillows, and theater seats, where shed spores can survive for long periods of time, thereby helping to spread tinea capitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a>Noteworthy is the relatively high number of tinea capitis cases referred to dermatology departments that have been treated incorrectly or inadequately, especially in recent years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,69</a> This would indicate both a lack of proper treatment guidelines in primary care and a lack of communication with dermatologists; if not properly addressed, these oversights could result in new outbreaks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,69</a>It is apparent that tinea capitis has been steadily changing in Spain since the 19th century. Since it is not a notifiable disease, its true incidence is unknown. Yet tinea capitis is considered today to be the most common fungal infection in childhood,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,29,36,39,51,67,68,70–72</a> and also a national public health issue, even if not as critical as in other regions of the world, where tinea capitis is endemic and where access to health care is limited.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">54,73–77</a>Due mainly to migratory flows, it seems likely that the epidemiology of tinea capitis in Spain will continue to change and to become increasingly diverse in terms of etiologic agents. If no efforts are invested to ensure proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, tinea capitis prevalence may grow to epidemic proportions in the near future. It is recommended to set up a good surveillance program (especially screening in schools) and ensure interdisciplinary cooperation between dermatologists, pediatricians, primary care physicians, and veterinarians.Conflicts of InterestThe author declares no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres95874" "titulo" => "Abstract" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83035" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres95875" "titulo" => "Resumen" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83036" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack35220" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 6 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-05-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-08-12" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83035" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tinea capitis" 1 => "Tineas" 2 => "Dermatophytes" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83036" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tinea capitis" 1 => "Tiña" 2 => "Dermatofitos" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Considerable information is available on the changing incidence, etiology, clinical forms and management of tinea capitis in Spain. While the condition became epidemic during the 19th century, when it was predominantly caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes, the incidence fell with the advent of treatment with griseofulvin, after which zoophilic dermatophytes became the main etiologic agents. Although the true incidence of tinea capitis in Spain today is unknown, the condition continues to be a public health problem. Ongoing changes are evident in the greater diversity of pathogenic species identified and a renewed increase in anthropophilic dermatophytes, especially associated with immigration. Consequently, unless action is taken to correctly diagnose, treat, and prevent this infection, its prevalence may once again reach epidemic proportions in the near future." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Podemos encontrar abundante documentación publicada sobre la evolución de la tinea capitis (TC) en España, tanto en su incidencia como en su etiología, formas clínicas y manejo terapéutico. Si en el siglo XIX adoptó carácter de epidemia, con predominio de dermatofitos antropofílicos, tras la aparición de la griseofulvina su incidencia descendió y se produjo un viraje etiológico hacia un predominio de los dermatofitos zoofílicos. Aunque hoy en día su incidencia real es desconocida en nuestro medio, la TC sigue siendo un problema de salud pública y su evolución continúa produciéndose, pudiendo apreciarse una mayor diversidad de especies y fundamentalmente un nuevo aumento de los dermatofitos antropofílicos, especialmente en relación con la inmigración. Así, si no se incide en su correcto diagnóstico, tratamiento y profilaxis, su prevalencia puede volver a aumentar alcanzando proporciones de epidemia en un futuro próximo." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: del Boz-González J. Tendencias de la tinea capitis en España. Actas Dermosifiliogr.2012;103:288-293." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:77 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A 30-year survey of paediatric tinea capitis in southern Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Del Boz" 1 => "V. Crespo" 2 => "F. Rivas-Ruiz" 3 => "M. de Troya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03733.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "170" "paginaFinal" => "174" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553362" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiología de las tiñas en España" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "V. Crespo" 1 => "Á. Vera" 2 => "A. Ojeda" 3 => "A. Crespo" 4 => "F. Sánchez-Fajardo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Piel" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "175" "paginaFinal" => "185" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tiña de la cabeza" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Rebollo" 1 => "A.P. López-Barcenas" 2 => "R. Arenas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "99" "paginaInicial" => "91" "paginaFinal" => "100" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18346430" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatofitosis por hongos antropofílicos en Cádiz (1997-2008)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "P. García-Martos" 1 => "L. García-Agudo" 2 => "E. Agudo-Pérez" 3 => "F. Gil de Sola" 4 => "M. Linares" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "101" "paginaInicial" => "242" "paginaFinal" => "247" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20398600" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0015028202048446" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00150282" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identificación de los dermatofitos más frecuentes en España" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Pereiro Ferreirós" 1 => "M. Loureiro Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Piel" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "438" "paginaFinal" => "446" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review of dermatophytoses in Galicia from 1951 to 1987, and comparison with other areas of Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Pereiro Miguens" 1 => "M. Pereiro" 2 => "M. Pereiro Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycopathologia" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "65" "paginaFinal" => "78" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2034261" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estudio de las dermatofitosis en Madrid durante una década (1978-1987)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Del Palacio-Hernanz" 1 => "F. González-Lastra" 2 => "P. Moreno-Palancar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "86" "paginaFinal" => "101" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cambios epidemiológicos observados en un decenio en las dermatofitosis del hospital universitario “12 de Octubre” de Madrid: nuevas especies emergentes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Del Palacio" 1 => "M.S. Cuétara" 2 => "A. Valle" 3 => "A. González" 4 => "I. Almondarain" 5 => "M.J. Ramos Castillo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "101" "paginaFinal" => "106" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473578" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatofitos aislados en muestras clínicas. Estudio de 5 años en Zaragoza" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Fortuño" 1 => "L. Torres" 2 => "E. Simal" 3 => "A. Seoane" 4 => "J.A. Uriel" 5 => "C. Santacruz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "536" "paginaFinal" => "539" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580210" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatophytosis in children and adolescents: epidemiological study in the city of Barcelona, Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Martínez Roig" 1 => "J.M. Torres Rodríguez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mykosen" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "311" "paginaFinal" => "315" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3489183" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatofitos y dermatofitosis en Cordoba (España)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Casal" 1 => "M.J. Linares" 2 => "J.C. Fernandez" 3 => "F. Solis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "491" "paginaFinal" => "494" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1805952" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the British Isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.M. Borman" 1 => "C.K. Campbell" 2 => "M. Fraser" 3 => "E.M. Johnson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/13693780601070107" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Mycol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "131" "paginaFinal" => "141" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17365649" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B. Havlickova" 1 => "V.A. Czaika" 2 => "M. Friedrich" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "51" "numero" => "Suppl. 4" "paginaInicial" => "2" "paginaFinal" => "15" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18783559" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatophytes and dermatophytoses in the Milan area between 1970 and 1989" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Terragni" 1 => "A. Lasagni" 2 => "A. Oriani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "317" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8015563" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ecology and epidemiology of dermatophyte infections" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A. Raza" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "S21" "paginaFinal" => "S24" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8077503" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tratamiento actual de las dermatofitosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Del Palacio" 1 => "M. Garau" 2 => "M.S. Cuétara" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "68" "paginaFinal" => "71" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14649657" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis en el área sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B. Monteagudo" 1 => "M. Pereiro Jr." 2 => "C. Pereiro" 3 => "J. Toribio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermatosifiliogr" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "94" "paginaInicial" => "598" "paginaFinal" => "602" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estudio epidemiológico sobre las dermatofitosis en España (abril-junio 2001)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Monzón de la Torre" 1 => "M. Cuenca-Estrella" 2 => "J.L. Rodriguez-Tudela" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "477" "paginaFinal" => "483" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14572379" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0015028207013660" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00150282" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The aetiological agents of tinea capitis in Zaragoza (Spain)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Rubio-Calvo" 1 => "J. Gil-Tomás" 2 => "A. Rezusta-Lopez" 3 => "R. Benito-Ruesca" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "55" "paginaFinal" => "58" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398641" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0015028203009750" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00150282" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estudio epidemiológico de las dermatofitosis en las áreas sur y sudoeste de la provincia de Huelva (1989-1995)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Herrera" 1 => "J.A. Reposo" 2 => "A. de la Iglesia" 3 => "F. Ortiz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "88" "paginaInicial" => "179" "paginaFinal" => "183" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Trichophyton violaceum: un patógeno emergente" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Juncosa" 1 => "P. Aguilera" 2 => "A. Jaen" 3 => "A. Vicente" 4 => "A.C. Aguilar" 5 => "V. Fumadó" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "502" "paginaFinal" => "504" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19094864" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estudio de las dermatofitosis en Lanzarote (1995-1999)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E. Piqué" 1 => "R. Fusté" 2 => "R. Copado" 3 => "J. Noguera" 4 => "P. Ramis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "165" "paginaFinal" => "168" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12825996" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Incidencia de las dermatomicosis en la población infantil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Santana" 1 => "D.M. Almazán" 2 => "R.H. López-Orge" 3 => "Z. González Lama" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "21" "numero" => "Suppl. 20" "paginaInicial" => "135" "paginaFinal" => "136" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiologic study of dermatophytoses in Salamanca (Spain)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.A. Velasco Benito" 1 => "A. Martin-Pascual" 2 => "A. Garcia Perez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sabouraudia" "fecha" => "1979" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "113" "paginaFinal" => "123" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/542885" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estudio de las micosis superficiales en la provincia de León" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.I. López" 1 => "M.I. Fernández" 2 => "M. Egido" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "84" "paginaInicial" => "525" "paginaFinal" => "528" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0161642009004126" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01616420" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Contribución al estudio etiológico y epidemiológico de las tiñas en Valencia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.L. Sánchez Carazo" 1 => "J.J. Vilata Corell" 2 => "J. de la Cuadra" 3 => "A. Aliaga Boniche" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "74" "paginaInicial" => "211" "paginaFinal" => "213" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical and epidemiological survey of dermatophytoses in Jaen (Spain)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Padilla" 1 => "A. Sampedro" 2 => "P. Sampedro" 3 => "V. Delgado" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "36" "paginaFinal" => "39" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716229" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Multicenter study of dermatophyte distribution in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.M. Torres-Rodriguez" 1 => "J. Balaguer-Meler" 2 => "M. Ventin-Hernandez" 3 => "N. Martin-Casabona" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycopathologia" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "95" "paginaFinal" => "97" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3713794" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in Barcelona schoolchildren" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Triviño-Duran" 1 => "J.M. Torres-Rodriguez" 2 => "A. Martinez-Roig" 3 => "C. Cortina" 4 => "V. Belver" 5 => "M. Perez-Gonzalez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Infect Dis J" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "137" "paginaFinal" => "141" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15702042" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of undetected tinea capitis in a prospective school survey in Madrid: emergence of new causative fungi" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.S. Cuétara" 1 => "A. del Palacio" 2 => "M. Pereiro" 3 => "A.R. Noriega" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "138" "paginaInicial" => "658" "paginaFinal" => "660" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9640375" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Micosis cutáneas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "V. Delgado Florencio" 1 => "V. Crespo Erchiga" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Medicine" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "4805" "paginaFinal" => "4815" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0015028206001014" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00150282" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cambios en la epidemiología de las tiñas. Aspectos particulares de Andalucía" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "V. Delgado Florencio" 1 => "J. Abad Romero-Balmas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "S3" "paginaFinal" => "S6" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473602" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estudio etiológico y epidemiológico de las dermatofitosis en Navarra (España)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Mazón" 1 => "S. Salvo" 2 => "R. Vives" 3 => "A. Valcayo" 4 => "M.A. Sabalza" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "65" "paginaFinal" => "68" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16854174" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Incidencia de los dermatofitos en España desde 1926 a 1994" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Pereiro Miguens" 1 => "E. Pereiro" 2 => "M. Pereiro Jr." 3 => "M. Pereiro" 4 => "J. Toribio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "87" "paginaInicial" => "77" "paginaFinal" => "84" ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of dermatophyte onychomycosis in Spain: a cross-sectional study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G. Sais" 1 => "A. Jucglá" 2 => "J. Peyrí" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "132" "paginaInicial" => "758" "paginaFinal" => "761" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7772481" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe: current state and changing patterns" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Ginter-Hanselmayer" 1 => "W. Weger" 2 => "M. Ilkit" 3 => "J. Smolle" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01424.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "6" "paginaFinal" => "13" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17681048" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in infants in their first year of life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y. Gilaberte" 1 => "A. Rezusta" 2 => "J. Gil" 3 => "M.C. Sáenz-Santamaría" 4 => "C. Coscojuela" 5 => "M. Navarro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06112.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "151" "paginaInicial" => "886" "paginaFinal" => "890" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491432" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.A. Schwartz" 1 => "C.K. Janniger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cutis" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "33" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7712827" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis en lactantes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y. Gilaberte" 1 => "M.C. Sáenz de Santamaría" 2 => "C. Coscojuela" 3 => "A. Rezusta López" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Piel" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "29" ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Case reports. Pityriasis amiantacea as manifestation of tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Ginarte" 1 => "M. Pereiro Jr." 2 => "V. Fernández-Redondo" 3 => "J. Toribio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "93" "paginaFinal" => "96" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10838857" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "41" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in Brussels: Epidemiology and new management strategy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Kolivras" 1 => "N. Lateur" 2 => "J. De Maubeuge" 3 => "C. Scheers" 4 => "L. Wiame" 5 => "M. Song" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "69964" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "206" "paginaInicial" => "384" "paginaFinal" => "387" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771493" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "42" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The emergence of Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis in Birmingham" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.G. Leeming" 1 => "T.S. Elliot" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "133" "paginaInicial" => "929" "paginaFinal" => "931" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8547047" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0010782408000334" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00107824" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "43" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Épidemie de teignes á Trichophyton tonsurans dans una école maternelle de la region parisenne" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Viguié-Vallanet" 1 => "M. Serre" 2 => "L. Masliah" 3 => "C. Tourte-Schaefer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Dermatol Venereol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "132" "paginaInicial" => "432" "paginaFinal" => "438" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15988354" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "44" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in south-east London: an outbreak of Trichophyton tonsurans infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.C. Fuller" 1 => "F.C. Child" 2 => "E.M. Higgins" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "136" "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "148" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039313" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "45" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in south-east-London- a new pattern of infection with public health implications" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.J. Hay" 1 => "Y.M. Clayton" 2 => "N. de Silva" 3 => "G. Midgley" 4 => "E. Rossor" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "135" "paginaInicial" => "955" "paginaFinal" => "958" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8977718" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "46" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in South Wales-observations in change of causative fungi" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.M. Mills" 1 => "C.M. Philpot" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Dermatol" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "473" "paginaFinal" => "475" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889666" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "47" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fungal infections in the Netherlands. Prevailing fungi and pattern of infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.J. Korstanje" 1 => "C.C. Staats" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "190" "paginaInicial" => "39" "paginaFinal" => "42" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7894094" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "48" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of tinea capitis in primary schools in Turkey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Altindis" 1 => "E. Bilgili" 2 => "N. Kiraz" 3 => "A. Ceri" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "218" "paginaFinal" => "221" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12801366" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "49" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in northwestern Europe 1963-1993: etiologic agents and their changing prevalence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.J. Korstanje" 1 => "C.C.G. Staats" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "548" "paginaFinal" => "549" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7960348" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "50" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increasing tinea capitis prevalence in Stockholm reflects immigration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Hallgren" 1 => "B. Petrini" 2 => "C.F. Wahlgren" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Mycol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "505" "paginaFinal" => "509" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15682638" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "51" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in children living in Northeast France: a 5-year study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Reichert-Pénétrat" 1 => "N. Contet-Audonneau" 2 => "A. Barbaud" 3 => "J.P. Schurra" 4 => "B. Portier" 5 => "J.L. Schmutz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "103" "paginaFinal" => "105" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11994168" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "52" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perspectiva micológica de los dermatofitos en el ser humano" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.C. Rubio" 1 => "A. Rezusta" 2 => "J. Gil-Tomás" 3 => "R. Benito-Ruesca" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "16" "paginaFinal" => "22" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473586" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "53" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea caused by Trichophyton soudanense in non-african subjects in Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Pereiro Jr." 1 => "J. Toribio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "82" "paginaInicial" => "141" "paginaFinal" => "142" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12125947" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "54" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The assessment and management of tinea capitis in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Ali" 1 => "T.A.D. Graham" 2 => "S.E.D. Fogie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/PEC.0b013e31814efe06" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Emerg Care" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "662" "paginaFinal" => "668" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17876261" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 54 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "55" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hallazgos dermoscópicos en tinea capitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.B. Crocker Sandoval" 1 => "J.A. Soto Ortiz" 2 => "J. Mayorga Rodríguez" 3 => "A. García Vargas" 4 => "D.G. Villanueva Quintero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.riam.2010.02.003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "151" "paginaFinal" => "153" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20346297" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 55 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "56" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines for the Management of Tinea Capitis in Children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T. Kakourou" 1 => "U. Uksal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01137.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "226" "paginaFinal" => "228" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20609140" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 56 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "57" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Optimal management of fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.K. Gupta" 1 => "E.A. Cooper" 2 => "J.E. Ryder" 3 => "K.A. Nicol" 4 => "M. Chow" 5 => "M.M. Chaudhry" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Dermatol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "225" "paginaFinal" => "237" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15301570" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 57 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "58" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Systemic antifungal therapy for cutaneous infections in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Sethi" 1 => "R. Antaya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.inf.0000227528.89030.a6" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Infect Dis J" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "643" "paginaFinal" => "644" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16804437" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 58 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "59" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Current concepts in systemic and topical therapy for superficial mycoses" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.E. Millikan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.016" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Dermatol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "212" "paginaFinal" => "216" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347665" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 59 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "60" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials comparing griseofulvin and terbinafine in the treatment of tinea capitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H.L. Tey" 1 => "A.S. Leong Tan" 2 => "Y.C. Chan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.048" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "64" "paginaInicial" => "663" "paginaFinal" => "670" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334096" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 60 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "61" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Jaén-Larrieu" 1 => "A. Vicente-Villa" 2 => "P. Aguilera-Pérez" 3 => "M.A. González-Enseñat" 4 => "T. Juncosa-Morros" 5 => "V. Fumadó-Pérez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "1079" "paginaFinal" => "1080" ] ] ] ] ] ] 61 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "62" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Eficacia y seguridad de terbinafina (Lamisil®) oral en el tratamiento de las tiñas del cuero cabelludo por Microsporum canis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Romero Aguilera" 1 => "P. Cortina de la Calle" 2 => "J.A. Garrido Martín" 3 => "B. García Bracamonte" 4 => "I. Barba Ferreras" 5 => "M.D. Romero Aguilera" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "564" "paginaFinal" => "565" ] ] ] ] ] ] 62 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "63" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Respuesta a: Eficacia y seguridad de terbinafina (Lamisil®) oral en el tratamiento de las tiñas del cuero cabelludo por Microsporum canis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Del Palacio Herranz" 1 => "M.S. Cuétara" 2 => "A. González Ruiz" 3 => "A. Valle" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "565" "paginaFinal" => "566" ] ] ] ] ] ] 63 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "64" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The use of itraconazole to treat cutaneous fungal infections in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.K. Gupta" 1 => "S. Nolting" 2 => "Y. de Prost" 3 => "J. Delescluse" 4 => "H. Degreef" 5 => "U. Theissen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "18256" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "199" "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "252" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10592406" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 64 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "65" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.A. Hebert" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "1554" "paginaFinal" => "1557" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3048214" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 65 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "66" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fluconazol for the treatment of tinea capitis in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.A. Solomon" 1 => "R. Collins" 2 => "R. Sharma" 3 => "N. Silverberg" 4 => "A.R. Jain" 5 => "J. Sedgh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "275" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9270520" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 66 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "67" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis por Microsporum audouinii" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "B. Escutia" 1 => "I. Febrer" 2 => "J. Pemán" 3 => "V. Oliver" 4 => "J.L. Sánchez-Carazo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "88" "paginaFinal" => "90" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15487914" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 67 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "68" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatophytoses in children: study of 137 cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N.C. Fernandes" 1 => "T. Akiti" 2 => "M.G. Barreiros" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "83" "paginaFinal" => "85" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340481" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 68 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "69" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea incognito in children: 54 cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Del Boz" 1 => "V. Crespo" 2 => "F. Rivas-Ruiz" 3 => "M. de Troya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01810.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "254" "paginaFinal" => "258" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002310" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 69 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "70" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in Northern Greece 1996-2000" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T. Koussidou-Eremondi" 1 => "D. Devliotou-Panagiotidou" 2 => "O. Mourellou-Tsatsou" 3 => "A. Minas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01067.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "16" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15679659" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 70 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0355" "etiqueta" => "71" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cutaneous mycoses in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B.E. Elewski" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "134" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "11" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8763460" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 71 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0360" "etiqueta" => "72" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Current topics of tinea capitis in China" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Yu" 1 => "R. Li" 2 => "G. Bulmer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jpn J Med Mycol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "61" "paginaFinal" => "66" ] ] ] ] ] ] 72 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0365" "etiqueta" => "73" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in south-western Ethiopia: a study of risk factors for infection and carriage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.I. Figueroa" 1 => "T. Hawranek" 2 => "A. Abraha" 3 => "R.J. Hay" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "661" "paginaFinal" => "666" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9352406" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 73 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0370" "etiqueta" => "74" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characteristics of dermatophytoses among children in an area south of Tehran, Iran" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.R. Lari" 1 => "L. Akhlaghi" 2 => "M. Falahati" 3 => "R. Alaghehbandan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01059.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "32" "paginaFinal" => "37" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15679663" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 74 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0375" "etiqueta" => "75" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis among children and adolescents in the Farwaniya region of Kuwait" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.M. Nawaf" 1 => "A. Joshi" 2 => "A. Zaki" 3 => "O. Nour-Eldin" 4 => "M. Al-Sheltawy" 5 => "I. El-Adawy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "904" "paginaFinal" => "909" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739518" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 75 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0380" "etiqueta" => "76" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in a dermatology center in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: the role of Trichophyton tonsurans" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R.S. Brilhante" 1 => "R.A. Cordeiro" 2 => "M.F. Rocha" 3 => "A.J. Monteiro" 4 => "T.E. Meireles" 5 => "J.J. Sidrim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02150.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "575" "paginaFinal" => "579" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15304180" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 76 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0385" "etiqueta" => "77" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A survey of tinea capitis in primary school in children in Harare, Zimbabwe" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "V.J. Robertson" 1 => "S. Wright" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Trop Med Hyg" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "419" "paginaFinal" => "422" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270008" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xack35220" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "Thanks to Dr. Vicente Crespo Erchiga, my mycology mentor, for critically reading this article." ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001400/v1_201304241303/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6170" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Novelties in Dermatology" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001400/v1_201304241303/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001400?idApp=UINPBA000044"]

Estadísticas

Novelties in Dermatology

Tinea Capitis: Trends in Spain

Tendencias de la tinea capitis en España

J. del Boz-González

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Málaga, Spain

Leído

8215

Veces
se ha leído el artículo

2745

Total PDF

5470

Total HTML

Compartir estadísticas

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S1578219012001400"
  "issn" => "15782190"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.007"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
  "aid" => "483"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46; and AEDV"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "ssu"
  "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:288-93"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2930
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 58
      "HTML" => 2058
      "PDF" => 814
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0001731011004200"
      "issn" => "00017310"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.08.003"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
      "aid" => "483"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46; and AEDV"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "subdocumento" => "ssu"
      "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:288-93"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4066
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 2
          "HTML" => 3065
          "PDF" => 999
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Novedades en Dermatolog&#237;a</span>"
        "titulo" => "Tendencias de la tinea capitis en Espa&#241;a"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "288"
            "paginaFinal" => "293"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Tinea Capitis&#58; Trends in Spain"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "J&#46; del Boz-Gonz&#225;lez"
            "autores" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "del Boz-Gonz&#225;lez"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S1578219012001400"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001400?idApp=UINPBA000044"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731011004200?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      "url" => "/00017310/0000010300000004/v1_201304241404/S0001731011004200/v1_201304241404/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S1578219012001412"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.008"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
    "aid" => "484"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46; and AEDV"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:294-300"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2889
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 49
        "HTML" => 2194
        "PDF" => 646
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
      "titulo" => "Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma&#58; A Study From the National Dermatology Center of Colombia"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "294"
          "paginaFinal" => "300"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo de carcinoma basocelular&#46; Un estudio del Centro Nacional de Dermatolog&#237;a de Colombia"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "G&#46; S&#225;nchez, J&#46; Nova, F&#46; de la Hoz"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Nova"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "de la Hoz"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0001731011004212"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.07.012"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731011004212?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001412?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001412/v1_201304241303/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S1578219012001527"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.019"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
    "aid" => "451"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46; and AEDV"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:285-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4371
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 56
        "HTML" => 3311
        "PDF" => 1004
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Practical Dermatology</span>"
      "titulo" => "Tumescent Anesthesia in Dermatologic Surgery"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "285"
          "paginaFinal" => "287"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Anestesia tumescente en cirug&#237;a dermatol&#243;gica"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1451
              "Ancho" => 950
              "Tamanyo" => 213596
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">After tumescent anesthesia bleeding is scant and dissecting along the tissue plane is easier&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46; Davila, I&#46; Garcia-Doval"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Davila"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garcia-Doval"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0001731011003267"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.06.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731011003267?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001527?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001527/v1_201304241303/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Novelties in Dermatology</span>"
    "titulo" => "Tinea Capitis&#58; Trends in Spain"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "288"
        "paginaFinal" => "293"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; del Boz-Gonz&#225;lez"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "del Boz-Gonz&#225;lez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "javierdelboz&#64;yahoo&#46;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Costa del Sol&#44; M&#225;laga&#44; Spain"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Tendencias de la tinea capitis en Espa&#241;a"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatophytoses &#40;fungal infections of the skin&#44; popularly called ringworm&#41; vary in terms of clinical features and causative agents according to geographic area and even over time in the same geographic area&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;14</span></a> due to a large number of factors&#44; mainly related to climate &#40;humidity and temperature&#41;&#44; socioeconomic circumstances &#40;migration&#44; hygiene&#44; war&#44; access to healthcare&#44; etc&#41;&#44; and treatment &#40;nonspecific treatment&#44; lack of effective treatments&#44; new treatments&#44; etc&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;9&#44;10&#44;12&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These variations need to be studied and accounted for&#46; Although dermatophytoses logically need to be treated according to the etiological diagnosis&#44; based&#44; in turn&#44; on a physical examination and culture&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> empirical treatment is warranted in cases where lesions are inflammatory and symptomatic&#44; and where there is a risk of contagion&#59; in such cases the choice of treatment and recommendations for appropriate changes in hygiene and diet need to be guided by knowledge of the local epidemiology&#8212;by both the dermatologist and primary care physician&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> This would indicate the need for regular&#44; localized epidemiology studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;18</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Spain&#44; several studies have collected and analyzed epidemiological data<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;7&#8211;10&#44;12&#44;19&#8211;31</span></a> from a regional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;32&#44;33</span></a> and even national<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5&#44;6&#44;18&#44;34&#44;35</span></a> perspective&#46; However&#44; most of these studies collected data over relatively short periods of time&#44; usually no more than one or a few years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;17&#44;18&#44;20&#44;22&#8211;25&#44;27&#8211;30&#44;33</span></a> although with some notable exceptions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#8211;8&#44;19</span></a> Most were also retrospective studies of preselected populations with dermatologic disorders&#46; Only 2 prospective studies have sought to establish the national incidence of ringworm of the scalp in children in Spain&#44; reporting incidences of 0&#46;23&#37; and 0&#46;64&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a> However&#44; these studies are subject to selection bias&#58; since they were conducted in urban areas with large immigrant populations&#44; they were only partially representative of the Spanish population&#46; Worthy of mention&#44; nonetheless&#44; are several large national studies regarding trends in dermatophytosis in Spain up to the late 20th century&#44; based on analysis and review of studies published over many decades&#59; noteworthy examples are the studies by Crespo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> in 1999 and Pereiro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> in 1996&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ringworm of the scalp&#44; or tinea capitis&#44; is an infection of the scalp caused by dermatophytes of the genera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;31&#44;36</span></a> Tinea capitis&#44; which occurs most frequently in children&#44; remains the most common fungal infection among this population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;17&#44;36</span></a> In adults it is relatively rare but not unheard of&#44; and mainly affects perimenopausal and elderly women&#46; As we will see below&#44; there have been clear trends in tinea capitis over the last few centuries in Spain&#44; yet few national studies have been implemented that document this fungal infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;19&#44;30&#44;37</span></a> Tinea capitis was epidemic and a major public health problem in the 19th century in much of Europe&#44; including Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;19&#44;38</span></a> Infectious agents were mainly anthropophilic&#44; with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum audouinii</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton schonleinii</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton violaceum</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton tonsurans</span> prevailing as causative agents in most of Western Europe &#40;including Spain&#41; and in the Mediterranean region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;34</span></a> Especially prevalent was a particular type of inflammatory tinea capitis&#44; called tinea favosa&#44; or favus&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> usually caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T schoenlinii&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> By the mid-20th century&#44; the use of griseofulvin and improved hygiene significantly reduced the number of cases of tinea capitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7&#44;38</span></a> by reducing the incidence of anthropophilic infections&#58; the favus agent &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T schonleinii</span>&#41; and certain microsporum-induced tineas &#40;mainly those caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M audouinii&#41;</span> virtually disappeared&#44; and there was a significant decrease in the trichophytic tinea capitis agents &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T tonsurans</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T violaceum</span>&#41;&#46; The previously frequent outbreaks of tinea capitis in schools caused by the spread of anthropophilic dermatophytes were thus brought under control&#46; Meanwhile&#44; the anthropophilic agents came to be displaced &#40;both in Spain and the rest of Europe&#41; by zoophilic species &#40;mainly <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</span> var<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46; mentagrophytes</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;17&#44;19</span></a>Possible causes of the growing predominance of zoophilic dermatophytes are socioeconomic factors and the growing presence of pets in cities&#46; In fact&#44; the most commonly isolated dermatophyte in most cases of tinea capitis in Spain up to the early 21st century was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M canis</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9&#44;17&#8211;20&#44;22&#44;27&#44;32&#8211;34&#44;39&#44;40</span></a>with cats and dogs as the usual source of infection &#40;when identified&#41;&#44; often infecting several members of the same family&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;17&#44;19</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M canis</span> is still considered to be the most commonly isolated dermatophyte for cases of tinea capitis worldwide&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and is certainly so in Europe&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> most especially in the Mediterranean area &#40;Italy&#44; Croatia&#44; Greece&#44; etc&#41;&#46; In most Spanish studies&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T mentagrophytes</span> &#40;var&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mentagrophytes</span>&#41; was the second most frequently isolated agent&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;7&#44;9&#44;17&#44;19&#44;32</span></a> including in our own series &#40;where it was the most frequent cause of inflammatory tinea capitis&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#59; infection in this case was mainly attributed to contact with rabbits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;26&#44;28&#44;39</span></a>There now seems to be a new shift underway&#44; back towards the predominance of the anthropophilic tineas in Europe&#44; mainly in urban areas with high immigration &#40;especially from Africa&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;19&#44;36&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> Noteworthy is the increase in tinea capitis cases caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T tonsurans</span> in countries like the United Kingdom&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;42&#44;44&#8211;46</span></a> Ireland&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and Holland&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> and in cities like Paris&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and also the fact that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T violaceum</span> was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in tinea capitis studies performed in Turkey&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> Rotterdam&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> and Stockolm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> Remarkable also is the growing incidence of infections caused by other anthropophilic dermatophytes&#44; such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton soudanense</span> &#40;in France&#44; Germany&#44; and Belgium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;41</span></a>&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum audouinii</span> &#40;in France&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> the United Kingdom&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> and Belgium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#41;&#46;Developments in Spain are following a similar trend&#46; Since the late 20th century&#44; cases of tinea capitis caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes have been on the rise&#44; typically in areas with large immigrant populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8&#44;30</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T tonsurans</span>&#44; for example&#44; was isolated as a relatively frequent cause of tinea capitis in a study performed in Madrid&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and was&#44; in fact&#44; the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in a prospective study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> This agent was also isolated &#40;although less frequently&#41; as a cause of tinea capitis in studies conducted in Malaga&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Cadiz&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and Santiago de Compostela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T violaceum</span>&#44; meanwhile&#44; was also isolated as a very frequent cause of tinea capitis in recent studies conducted in Barcelona<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and Madrid&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and was the anthropophilic dermatophyte most frequently isolated in another study in Malaga&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This dermatophyte is closely associated with immigration from North Africa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> Recent years have also witnessed a small increase in tinea capitis cases caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes considered rare in our setting&#44; such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T soudanense</span> &#40;in Santiago de Compostela&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;34&#44;53</span></a> Malaga&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Cadiz&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Zaragoza&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M audouinii</span> &#40;in Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and Zaragoza<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#41;&#46; The increase in anthropophilic infection should be a cause for concern&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> as it implies increased prevalence of tinea capitis in schools and associated family epidemics&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical presentation of tinea capitis has also changed in line with changes in the pattern of infectious agents&#46; Zoophilic dermatophytes cause microsporum-induced and commonly inflammatory tineas&#44; which typically present with isolated or patchy hairless plaques&#44; with ectothrix invasion in the form of spores outside the hair shaft&#59; anthropophilic agents&#44; on the other hand&#44; typically cause noninflammatory trichophytic tineas&#44; with a black dot pattern&#44; and usually presenting as multiple irregular hairless plaques&#44; with endothrix spore invasion within the hair shaft&#46; Virtually nonexistent in Spain nowadays&#44; but prevalent in the early 20th century was favus&#44; a form of inflammatory tinea capitis characterized by the presence of highly contagious scabs formed of raised yellow cup-shaped crusts &#40;scutula&#41; that encircle the hair follicles&#46; When the agent is anthropophilic&#44; it is also important to screen household contacts for paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic carriers&#44; given the high risk of contagion&#46; This kind of contact&#44; which makes it difficult to eradicate tinea capitis&#44; may&#44; in fact&#44; explain the increase in infections with this etiology in urban areas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;30&#44;40&#44;41&#44;54</span></a>Diagnostic methods have also advanced with the development of new procedures such as dermoscopy&#44; which highlighted the recently described comma-hair marker&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> However&#44; it is important to point out that the confirmatory diagnosis for suspected tinea capitis must always be based on a physical examination and culture&#46; Physical examination to determine the kind of hair infestation will indicate the cause of the tinea capitis&#44; and&#44; hence&#44; the specific treatment to follow&#59; the culture will indicate whether the dermatophyte is zoophilic&#44; anthropophilic&#44; or geophilic&#44; and will&#44; in turn&#44; indicate the prophylactic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and therapeutic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> measures to be adopted&#46;Treatment of tinea capitis has also varied over the years&#46; Oral griseofulvin is still the treatment of choice for tinea capitis in children &#40;and the only treatment approved for this population by the Food and Drug Administration&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;56-59</span></a> ever since its effectiveness was documented by Williams and Marten in 1958&#46; The use of griseofulvin led&#44; as we noted previously&#44; to a significant reduction in epidemics&#59; it also led to a decline in treatments hitherto used&#44; including x-ray epilation &#40;as proposed by Sabouraud at the end of the 19th century&#41;&#44; thallium acetate&#44; and mechanical epilation&#46; Although the dose and duration of treatment varies depending on the patient&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59&#44;60</span></a> griseofulvin &#40;in tablet form&#41; is currently recommended at doses of 25-30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg daily &#40;up to 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g daily in adults&#41;&#46; Note that&#44; for Spain&#44; where only the micronized formulation is available&#44; the dose indicated in the summary of product characteristics &#40;10&#8211;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg daily&#41; is generally insufficient&#44; as it corresponds to the dose for the ultramicronized formulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> Treatment duration&#44; usually 6 to 12 weeks&#44; mainly depends on the causative agent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T tonsurans</span>&#44; for example&#44; may require a longer treatment period&#44; and there is a growing number of cases of dermatophyte resistance to griseofulvin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> An alternative treatment&#44; also recognized as effective&#44; is terbinafine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60-63</span></a> &#40;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg daily for adults&#41;&#44; with the dose adjusted for children by weight &#40;over 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#58; as for adults&#59; 20-40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#58; half the adult daily dose&#59; under 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#58; quarter the adult daily dose&#41;&#46; Although terbinafine may occasionally be ineffective for tineas caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M canis</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M audouinii</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;63</span></a> it has fewer drug interactions and may be useful in cases of suspected griseofulvin resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> Similarly&#44; the duration of treatment varies depending on the infectious agent&#59; 2 to 4 weeks of treatment is recommended for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton</span> infections and 8 to 12 weeks for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum</span> infections&#46; To sum up&#44; griseofulvin is recommended as the treatment of choice for suspected microsporum-induced tinea capitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56&#44;60</span></a> Terbinafine&#44; on the other hand&#44; is recommended for suspected <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton</span> infection&#44; and for cases of griseofulvin resistance and polypharmacy&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56&#44;59&#8211;61</span></a> as it is at least equally effective and safe&#44; usually has a faster mechanism of action&#44; requires a shorter treatment period&#44; and has fewer drug interactions&#46; Second-line drugs&#44; much more costly than griseofulvin&#44; are itraconazole&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;58&#44;64</span></a> ketoconazole&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> and fluconazole&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56&#44;66</span></a> Topical antifungals&#44; proven to be effective in reducing the risks of transmission and of reinfection and in shortening healing time&#44; are useful as adjuvant treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>In the case of inflammatory tineas&#44; the risk of scarring alopecia is high&#44; so treatment needs to commence immediately&#46; The drugs and doses prescribed above may be used&#44; but some authors also advocate the concomitant use of antiinflammatory agents&#8212;usually prednisone at doses of 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg daily for 1-2 weeks&#8212;applied directly to the lesion in localized processes or taken systemically when involvement is diffuse&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Oral antibiotics should only be prescribed if there is secondary bacterial infection&#46;With regard to preventive measures&#44; although recent studies state that there is no need for children &#40;particularly older ones&#41; to stay away from school while receiving treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;57</span></a> this recommendation is controversial&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> as contact at school is probably the single most important independent factor in the rapid transmission of anthropophilic tineas&#46;As mentioned previously&#44; the possibility of contact with paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic carriers needs to be taken into account&#44; especially with anthropophilic infection&#44; given the high transmission risk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> Cultures should be obtained&#44; and the use of antifungal shampoos may be sufficient&#44; even though their efficacy has not been established&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;9&#44;30&#44;41&#44;67&#44;68</span></a> To limit contagion within families due to suspected anthropophilic infection&#44; the importance of not sharing personal hygiene items and of disinfecting the bath or shower after use by possibly infected individuals should be emphasized&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Organisms responsible for tinea capitis have been cultivated from fomites such as combs&#44; hats&#44; pillows&#44; and theater seats&#44; where shed spores can survive for long periods of time&#44; thereby helping to spread tinea capitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Noteworthy is the relatively high number of tinea capitis cases referred to dermatology departments that have been treated incorrectly or inadequately&#44; especially in recent years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;69</span></a> This would indicate both a lack of proper treatment guidelines in primary care and a lack of communication with dermatologists&#59; if not properly addressed&#44; these oversights could result in new outbreaks&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;69</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that tinea capitis has been steadily changing in Spain since the 19th century&#46; Since it is not a notifiable disease&#44; its true incidence is unknown&#46; Yet tinea capitis is considered today to be the most common fungal infection in childhood&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;29&#44;36&#44;39&#44;51&#44;67&#44;68&#44;70&#8211;72</span></a> and also a national public health issue&#44; even if not as critical as in other regions of the world&#44; where tinea capitis is endemic and where access to health care is limited&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;73&#8211;77</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due mainly to migratory flows&#44; it seems likely that the epidemiology of tinea capitis in Spain will continue to change and to become increasingly diverse in terms of etiologic agents&#46; If no efforts are invested to ensure proper diagnosis&#44; treatment&#44; and prevention&#44; tinea capitis prevalence may grow to epidemic proportions in the near future&#46; It is recommended to set up a good surveillance program &#40;especially screening in schools&#41; and ensure interdisciplinary cooperation between dermatologists&#44; pediatricians&#44; primary care physicians&#44; and veterinarians&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author declares no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:7 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres95874"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83035"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres95875"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83036"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack35220"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        ]
        6 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-05-04"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-08-12"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83035"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Tinea capitis"
            1 => "Tineas"
            2 => "Dermatophytes"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec83036"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Tinea capitis"
            1 => "Ti&#241;a"
            2 => "Dermatofitos"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Considerable information is available on the changing incidence&#44; etiology&#44; clinical forms and management of tinea capitis in Spain&#46; While the condition became epidemic during the 19th century&#44; when it was predominantly caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes&#44; the incidence fell with the advent of treatment with griseofulvin&#44; after which zoophilic dermatophytes became the main etiologic agents&#46; Although the true incidence of tinea capitis in Spain today is unknown&#44; the condition continues to be a public health problem&#46; Ongoing changes are evident in the greater diversity of pathogenic species identified and a renewed increase in anthropophilic dermatophytes&#44; especially associated with immigration&#46; Consequently&#44; unless action is taken to correctly diagnose&#44; treat&#44; and prevent this infection&#44; its prevalence may once again reach epidemic proportions in the near future&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Podemos encontrar abundante documentaci&#243;n publicada sobre la evoluci&#243;n de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tinea capitis</span> &#40;TC&#41; en Espa&#241;a&#44; tanto en su incidencia como en su etiolog&#237;a&#44; formas cl&#237;nicas y manejo terap&#233;utico&#46; Si en el siglo XIX adopt&#243; car&#225;cter de epidemia&#44; con predominio de dermatofitos antropof&#237;licos&#44; tras la aparici&#243;n de la griseofulvina su incidencia descendi&#243; y se produjo un viraje etiol&#243;gico hacia un predominio de los dermatofitos zoof&#237;licos&#46; Aunque hoy en d&#237;a su incidencia real es desconocida en nuestro medio&#44; la TC sigue siendo un problema de salud p&#250;blica y su evoluci&#243;n contin&#250;a produci&#233;ndose&#44; pudiendo apreciarse una mayor diversidad de especies y fundamentalmente un nuevo aumento de los dermatofitos antropof&#237;licos&#44; especialmente en relaci&#243;n con la inmigraci&#243;n&#46; As&#237;&#44; si no se incide en su correcto diagn&#243;stico&#44; tratamiento y profilaxis&#44; su prevalencia puede volver a aumentar alcanzando proporciones de epidemia en un futuro pr&#243;ximo&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; del Boz-Gonz&#225;lez J&#46; Tendencias de la tinea capitis en Espa&#241;a&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46;2012&#59;103&#58;288-293&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:77 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A 30-year survey of paediatric tinea capitis in southern Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Del Boz"
                            1 => "V&#46; Crespo"
                            2 => "F&#46; Rivas-Ruiz"
                            3 => "M&#46; de Troya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03733.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "170"
                        "paginaFinal" => "174"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553362"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiolog&#237;a de las ti&#241;as en Espa&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Crespo"
                            1 => "&#193;&#46; Vera"
                            2 => "A&#46; Ojeda"
                            3 => "A&#46; Crespo"
                            4 => "F&#46; S&#225;nchez-Fajardo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Piel"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "175"
                        "paginaFinal" => "185"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ti&#241;a de la cabeza"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Rebollo"
                            1 => "A&#46;P&#46; L&#243;pez-Barcenas"
                            2 => "R&#46; Arenas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "99"
                        "paginaInicial" => "91"
                        "paginaFinal" => "100"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18346430"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dermatofitosis por hongos antropof&#237;licos en C&#225;diz &#40;1997-2008&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Garc&#237;a-Martos"
                            1 => "L&#46; Garc&#237;a-Agudo"
                            2 => "E&#46; Agudo-P&#233;rez"
                            3 => "F&#46; Gil de Sola"
                            4 => "M&#46; Linares"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "242"
                        "paginaFinal" => "247"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20398600"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0015028202048446"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00150282"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identificaci&#243;n de los dermatofitos m&#225;s frecuentes en Espa&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Pereiro Ferreir&#243;s"
                            1 => "M&#46; Loureiro Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Piel"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "438"
                        "paginaFinal" => "446"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Review of dermatophytoses in Galicia from 1951 to 1987&#44; and comparison with other areas of Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Pereiro Miguens"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pereiro"
                            2 => "M&#46; Pereiro Jr&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycopathologia"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "78"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2034261"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio de las dermatofitosis en Madrid durante una d&#233;cada &#40;1978-1987&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Del Palacio-Hernanz"
                            1 => "F&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Lastra"
                            2 => "P&#46; Moreno-Palancar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "86"
                        "paginaFinal" => "101"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cambios epidemiol&#243;gicos observados en un decenio en las dermatofitosis del hospital universitario &#8220;12 de Octubre&#8221; de Madrid&#58; nuevas especies emergentes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Del Palacio"
                            1 => "M&#46;S&#46; Cu&#233;tara"
                            2 => "A&#46; Valle"
                            3 => "A&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            4 => "I&#46; Almondarain"
                            5 => "M&#46;J&#46; Ramos Castillo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "101"
                        "paginaFinal" => "106"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473578"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dermatofitos aislados en muestras cl&#237;nicas&#46; Estudio de 5 a&#241;os en Zaragoza"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Fortu&#241;o"
                            1 => "L&#46; Torres"
                            2 => "E&#46; Simal"
                            3 => "A&#46; Seoane"
                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Uriel"
                            5 => "C&#46; Santacruz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "536"
                        "paginaFinal" => "539"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580210"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dermatophytosis in children and adolescents&#58; epidemiological study in the city of Barcelona&#44; Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Mart&#237;nez Roig"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Torres Rodr&#237;guez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mykosen"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "311"
                        "paginaFinal" => "315"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3489183"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dermatofitos y dermatofitosis en Cordoba &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Casal"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Linares"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Fernandez"
                            3 => "F&#46; Solis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "491"
                        "paginaFinal" => "494"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1805952"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the British Isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Borman"
                            1 => "C&#46;K&#46; Campbell"
                            2 => "M&#46; Fraser"
                            3 => "E&#46;M&#46; Johnson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/13693780601070107"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Mycol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "131"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17365649"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Havlickova"
                            1 => "V&#46;A&#46; Czaika"
                            2 => "M&#46; Friedrich"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "paginaFinal" => "15"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18783559"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dermatophytes and dermatophytoses in the Milan area between 1970 and 1989"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Terragni"
                            1 => "A&#46; Lasagni"
                            2 => "A&#46; Oriani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "313"
                        "paginaFinal" => "317"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8015563"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ecology and epidemiology of dermatophyte infections"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Raza"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S24"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8077503"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tratamiento actual de las dermatofitosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Del Palacio"
                            1 => "M&#46; Garau"
                            2 => "M&#46;S&#46; Cu&#233;tara"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "68"
                        "paginaFinal" => "71"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14649657"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis en el &#225;rea sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Monteagudo"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pereiro Jr&#46;"
                            2 => "C&#46; Pereiro"
                            3 => "J&#46; Toribio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermatosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "94"
                        "paginaInicial" => "598"
                        "paginaFinal" => "602"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico sobre las dermatofitosis en Espa&#241;a &#40;abril-junio 2001&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Monz&#243;n de la Torre"
                            1 => "M&#46; Cuenca-Estrella"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Rodriguez-Tudela"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "477"
                        "paginaFinal" => "483"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14572379"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0015028207013660"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00150282"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The aetiological agents of tinea capitis in Zaragoza &#40;Spain&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Rubio-Calvo"
                            1 => "J&#46; Gil-Tom&#225;s"
                            2 => "A&#46; Rezusta-Lopez"
                            3 => "R&#46; Benito-Ruesca"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "55"
                        "paginaFinal" => "58"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398641"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0015028203009750"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00150282"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico de las dermatofitosis en las &#225;reas sur y sudoeste de la provincia de Huelva &#40;1989-1995&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Herrera"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Reposo"
                            2 => "A&#46; de la Iglesia"
                            3 => "F&#46; Ortiz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "179"
                        "paginaFinal" => "183"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trichophyton violaceum&#58; un pat&#243;geno emergente"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Juncosa"
                            1 => "P&#46; Aguilera"
                            2 => "A&#46; Jaen"
                            3 => "A&#46; Vicente"
                            4 => "A&#46;C&#46; Aguilar"
                            5 => "V&#46; Fumad&#243;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "502"
                        "paginaFinal" => "504"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19094864"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio de las dermatofitosis en Lanzarote &#40;1995-1999&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Piqu&#233;"
                            1 => "R&#46; Fust&#233;"
                            2 => "R&#46; Copado"
                            3 => "J&#46; Noguera"
                            4 => "P&#46; Ramis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "165"
                        "paginaFinal" => "168"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12825996"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidencia de las dermatomicosis en la poblaci&#243;n infantil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Santana"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Almaz&#225;n"
                            2 => "R&#46;H&#46; L&#243;pez-Orge"
                            3 => "Z&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Lama"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "135"
                        "paginaFinal" => "136"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiologic study of dermatophytoses in Salamanca &#40;Spain&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Velasco Benito"
                            1 => "A&#46; Martin-Pascual"
                            2 => "A&#46; Garcia Perez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sabouraudia"
                        "fecha" => "1979"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "113"
                        "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/542885"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio de las micosis superficiales en la provincia de Le&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;I&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "M&#46;I&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                            2 => "M&#46; Egido"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "84"
                        "paginaInicial" => "525"
                        "paginaFinal" => "528"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0161642009004126"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01616420"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Contribuci&#243;n al estudio etiol&#243;gico y epidemiol&#243;gico de las ti&#241;as en Valencia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; S&#225;nchez Carazo"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46; Vilata Corell"
                            2 => "J&#46; de la Cuadra"
                            3 => "A&#46; Aliaga Boniche"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "211"
                        "paginaFinal" => "213"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical and epidemiological survey of dermatophytoses in Jaen &#40;Spain&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Padilla"
                            1 => "A&#46; Sampedro"
                            2 => "P&#46; Sampedro"
                            3 => "V&#46; Delgado"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "36"
                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716229"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Multicenter study of dermatophyte distribution in the metropolitan area of Barcelona &#40;Catalonia&#44; Spain&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Torres-Rodriguez"
                            1 => "J&#46; Balaguer-Meler"
                            2 => "M&#46; Ventin-Hernandez"
                            3 => "N&#46; Martin-Casabona"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycopathologia"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "95"
                        "paginaFinal" => "97"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3713794"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in Barcelona schoolchildren"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Trivi&#241;o-Duran"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Torres-Rodriguez"
                            2 => "A&#46; Martinez-Roig"
                            3 => "C&#46; Cortina"
                            4 => "V&#46; Belver"
                            5 => "M&#46; Perez-Gonzalez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Infect Dis J"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "137"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15702042"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of undetected tinea capitis in a prospective school survey in Madrid&#58; emergence of new causative fungi"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;S&#46; Cu&#233;tara"
                            1 => "A&#46; del Palacio"
                            2 => "M&#46; Pereiro"
                            3 => "A&#46;R&#46; Noriega"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "138"
                        "paginaInicial" => "658"
                        "paginaFinal" => "660"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9640375"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Micosis cut&#225;neas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Delgado Florencio"
                            1 => "V&#46; Crespo Erchiga"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Medicine"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4805"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4815"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0015028206001014"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00150282"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cambios en la epidemiolog&#237;a de las ti&#241;as&#46; Aspectos particulares de Andaluc&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Delgado Florencio"
                            1 => "J&#46; Abad Romero-Balmas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S3"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S6"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473602"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio etiol&#243;gico y epidemiol&#243;gico de las dermatofitosis en Navarra &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Maz&#243;n"
                            1 => "S&#46; Salvo"
                            2 => "R&#46; Vives"
                            3 => "A&#46; Valcayo"
                            4 => "M&#46;A&#46; Sabalza"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "68"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16854174"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidencia de los dermatofitos en Espa&#241;a desde 1926 a 1994"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Pereiro Miguens"
                            1 => "E&#46; Pereiro"
                            2 => "M&#46; Pereiro Jr&#46;"
                            3 => "M&#46; Pereiro"
                            4 => "J&#46; Toribio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "77"
                        "paginaFinal" => "84"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of dermatophyte onychomycosis in Spain&#58; a cross-sectional study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Sais"
                            1 => "A&#46; Jucgl&#225;"
                            2 => "J&#46; Peyr&#237;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "758"
                        "paginaFinal" => "761"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7772481"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe&#58; current state and changing patterns"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Ginter-Hanselmayer"
                            1 => "W&#46; Weger"
                            2 => "M&#46; Ilkit"
                            3 => "J&#46; Smolle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01424.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6"
                        "paginaFinal" => "13"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17681048"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in infants in their first year of life"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Gilaberte"
                            1 => "A&#46; Rezusta"
                            2 => "J&#46; Gil"
                            3 => "M&#46;C&#46; S&#225;enz-Santamar&#237;a"
                            4 => "C&#46; Coscojuela"
                            5 => "M&#46; Navarro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06112.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "151"
                        "paginaInicial" => "886"
                        "paginaFinal" => "890"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491432"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Schwartz"
                            1 => "C&#46;K&#46; Janniger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cutis"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "33"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7712827"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis en lactantes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Gilaberte"
                            1 => "M&#46;C&#46; S&#225;enz de Santamar&#237;a"
                            2 => "C&#46; Coscojuela"
                            3 => "A&#46; Rezusta L&#243;pez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Piel"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "29"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Case reports&#46; Pityriasis amiantacea as manifestation of tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ginarte"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pereiro Jr&#46;"
                            2 => "V&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Redondo"
                            3 => "J&#46; Toribio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "93"
                        "paginaFinal" => "96"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10838857"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in Brussels&#58; Epidemiology and new management strategy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kolivras"
                            1 => "N&#46; Lateur"
                            2 => "J&#46; De Maubeuge"
                            3 => "C&#46; Scheers"
                            4 => "L&#46; Wiame"
                            5 => "M&#46; Song"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "69964"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "206"
                        "paginaInicial" => "384"
                        "paginaFinal" => "387"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771493"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The emergence of Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis in Birmingham"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;G&#46; Leeming"
                            1 => "T&#46;S&#46; Elliot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "929"
                        "paginaFinal" => "931"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8547047"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0010782408000334"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00107824"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#201;pidemie de teignes &#225; Trichophyton tonsurans dans una &#233;cole maternelle de la region parisenne"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Vigui&#233;-Vallanet"
                            1 => "M&#46; Serre"
                            2 => "L&#46; Masliah"
                            3 => "C&#46; Tourte-Schaefer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Dermatol Venereol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "432"
                        "paginaFinal" => "438"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15988354"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in south-east London&#58; an outbreak of Trichophyton tonsurans infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;C&#46; Fuller"
                            1 => "F&#46;C&#46; Child"
                            2 => "E&#46;M&#46; Higgins"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "136"
                        "paginaInicial" => "132"
                        "paginaFinal" => "148"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039313"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in south-east-London- a new pattern of infection with public health implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;J&#46; Hay"
                            1 => "Y&#46;M&#46; Clayton"
                            2 => "N&#46; de Silva"
                            3 => "G&#46; Midgley"
                            4 => "E&#46; Rossor"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "135"
                        "paginaInicial" => "955"
                        "paginaFinal" => "958"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8977718"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in South Wales-observations in change of causative fungi"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Mills"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Philpot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "473"
                        "paginaFinal" => "475"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889666"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fungal infections in the Netherlands&#46; Prevailing fungi and pattern of infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Korstanje"
                            1 => "C&#46;C&#46; Staats"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "190"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "42"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7894094"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "48"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of tinea capitis in primary schools in Turkey"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Altindis"
                            1 => "E&#46; Bilgili"
                            2 => "N&#46; Kiraz"
                            3 => "A&#46; Ceri"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "218"
                        "paginaFinal" => "221"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12801366"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "49"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in northwestern Europe 1963-1993&#58; etiologic agents and their changing prevalence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Korstanje"
                            1 => "C&#46;C&#46;G&#46; Staats"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "548"
                        "paginaFinal" => "549"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7960348"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "50"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Increasing tinea capitis prevalence in Stockholm reflects immigration"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Hallgren"
                            1 => "B&#46; Petrini"
                            2 => "C&#46;F&#46; Wahlgren"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Mycol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "505"
                        "paginaFinal" => "509"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15682638"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "51"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in children living in Northeast France&#58; a 5-year study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Reichert-P&#233;n&#233;trat"
                            1 => "N&#46; Contet-Audonneau"
                            2 => "A&#46; Barbaud"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Schurra"
                            4 => "B&#46; Portier"
                            5 => "J&#46;L&#46; Schmutz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "103"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11994168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "52"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perspectiva micol&#243;gica de los dermatofitos en el ser humano"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Rubio"
                            1 => "A&#46; Rezusta"
                            2 => "J&#46; Gil-Tom&#225;s"
                            3 => "R&#46; Benito-Ruesca"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473586"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "53"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton soudanense</span> in non-african subjects in Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Pereiro Jr&#46;"
                            1 => "J&#46; Toribio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "141"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12125947"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "54"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The assessment and management of tinea capitis in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Ali"
                            1 => "T&#46;A&#46;D&#46; Graham"
                            2 => "S&#46;E&#46;D&#46; Fogie"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/PEC.0b013e31814efe06"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Emerg Care"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "662"
                        "paginaFinal" => "668"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17876261"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "55"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hallazgos dermosc&#243;picos en tinea capitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;B&#46; Crocker Sandoval"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Soto Ortiz"
                            2 => "J&#46; Mayorga Rodr&#237;guez"
                            3 => "A&#46; Garc&#237;a Vargas"
                            4 => "D&#46;G&#46; Villanueva Quintero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.riam.2010.02.003"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "151"
                        "paginaFinal" => "153"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20346297"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "56"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Guidelines for the Management of Tinea Capitis in Children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Kakourou"
                            1 => "U&#46; Uksal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01137.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "226"
                        "paginaFinal" => "228"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20609140"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "57"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optimal management of fungal infections of the skin&#44; hair and nails"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;K&#46; Gupta"
                            1 => "E&#46;A&#46; Cooper"
                            2 => "J&#46;E&#46; Ryder"
                            3 => "K&#46;A&#46; Nicol"
                            4 => "M&#46; Chow"
                            5 => "M&#46;M&#46; Chaudhry"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "225"
                        "paginaFinal" => "237"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15301570"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "58"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Systemic antifungal therapy for cutaneous infections in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Sethi"
                            1 => "R&#46; Antaya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.inf.0000227528.89030.a6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Infect Dis J"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "643"
                        "paginaFinal" => "644"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16804437"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            58 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "59"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Current concepts in systemic and topical therapy for superficial mycoses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;E&#46; Millikan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.016"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "212"
                        "paginaFinal" => "216"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347665"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            59 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "60"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of randomized&#44; controlled trials comparing griseofulvin and terbinafine in the treatment of tinea capitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46;L&#46; Tey"
                            1 => "A&#46;S&#46; Leong Tan"
                            2 => "Y&#46;C&#46; Chan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.048"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "663"
                        "paginaFinal" => "670"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334096"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            60 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "61"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Ja&#233;n-Larrieu"
                            1 => "A&#46; Vicente-Villa"
                            2 => "P&#46; Aguilera-P&#233;rez"
                            3 => "M&#46;A&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Ense&#241;at"
                            4 => "T&#46; Juncosa-Morros"
                            5 => "V&#46; Fumad&#243;-P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1079"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1080"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            61 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "62"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eficacia y seguridad de terbinafina &#40;Lamisil<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; oral en el tratamiento de las ti&#241;as del cuero cabelludo por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Romero Aguilera"
                            1 => "P&#46; Cortina de la Calle"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Garrido Mart&#237;n"
                            3 => "B&#46; Garc&#237;a Bracamonte"
                            4 => "I&#46; Barba Ferreras"
                            5 => "M&#46;D&#46; Romero Aguilera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "564"
                        "paginaFinal" => "565"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            62 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "63"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respuesta a&#58; Eficacia y seguridad de terbinafina &#40;Lamisil<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; oral en el tratamiento de las ti&#241;as del cuero cabelludo por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Del Palacio Herranz"
                            1 => "M&#46;S&#46; Cu&#233;tara"
                            2 => "A&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Ruiz"
                            3 => "A&#46; Valle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "565"
                        "paginaFinal" => "566"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            63 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "64"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The use of itraconazole to treat cutaneous fungal infections in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;K&#46; Gupta"
                            1 => "S&#46; Nolting"
                            2 => "Y&#46; de Prost"
                            3 => "J&#46; Delescluse"
                            4 => "H&#46; Degreef"
                            5 => "U&#46; Theissen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "18256"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "199"
                        "paginaInicial" => "248"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10592406"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            64 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "65"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;A&#46; Hebert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "124"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1554"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1557"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3048214"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            65 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "66"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fluconazol for the treatment of tinea capitis in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46;A&#46; Solomon"
                            1 => "R&#46; Collins"
                            2 => "R&#46; Sharma"
                            3 => "N&#46; Silverberg"
                            4 => "A&#46;R&#46; Jain"
                            5 => "J&#46; Sedgh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "274"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9270520"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            66 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "67"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis por Microsporum audouinii"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Escutia"
                            1 => "I&#46; Febrer"
                            2 => "J&#46; Pem&#225;n"
                            3 => "V&#46; Oliver"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; S&#225;nchez-Carazo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Iberoam Micol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "88"
                        "paginaFinal" => "90"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15487914"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            67 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "68"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dermatophytoses in children&#58; study of 137 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46;C&#46; Fernandes"
                            1 => "T&#46; Akiti"
                            2 => "M&#46;G&#46; Barreiros"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
                        "paginaFinal" => "85"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340481"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            68 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "69"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea incognito in children&#58; 54 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Del Boz"
                            1 => "V&#46; Crespo"
                            2 => "F&#46; Rivas-Ruiz"
                            3 => "M&#46; de Troya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01810.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "254"
                        "paginaFinal" => "258"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002310"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            69 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "70"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in Northern Greece 1996-2000"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Koussidou-Eremondi"
                            1 => "D&#46; Devliotou-Panagiotidou"
                            2 => "O&#46; Mourellou-Tsatsou"
                            3 => "A&#46; Minas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01067.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "16"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15679659"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            70 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "71"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous mycoses in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "B&#46;E&#46; Elewski"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8763460"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            71 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "72"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Current topics of tinea capitis in China"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Yu"
                            1 => "R&#46; Li"
                            2 => "G&#46; Bulmer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Jpn J Med Mycol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "61"
                        "paginaFinal" => "66"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            72 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "73"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in south-western Ethiopia&#58; a study of risk factors for infection and carriage"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;I&#46; Figueroa"
                            1 => "T&#46; Hawranek"
                            2 => "A&#46; Abraha"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Hay"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "661"
                        "paginaFinal" => "666"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9352406"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            73 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "74"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characteristics of dermatophytoses among children in an area south of Tehran&#44; Iran"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Lari"
                            1 => "L&#46; Akhlaghi"
                            2 => "M&#46; Falahati"
                            3 => "R&#46; Alaghehbandan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01059.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mycoses"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32"
                        "paginaFinal" => "37"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15679663"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            74 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "75"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis among children and adolescents in the Farwaniya region of Kuwait"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Nawaf"
                            1 => "A&#46; Joshi"
                            2 => "A&#46; Zaki"
                            3 => "O&#46; Nour-Eldin"
                            4 => "M&#46; Al-Sheltawy"
                            5 => "I&#46; El-Adawy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "904"
                        "paginaFinal" => "909"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739518"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            75 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "76"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tinea capitis in a dermatology center in the city of Fortaleza&#44; Brazil&#58; the role of Trichophyton tonsurans"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Brilhante"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Cordeiro"
                            2 => "M&#46;F&#46; Rocha"
                            3 => "A&#46;J&#46; Monteiro"
                            4 => "T&#46;E&#46; Meireles"
                            5 => "J&#46;J&#46; Sidrim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02150.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "575"
                        "paginaFinal" => "579"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15304180"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            76 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "77"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A survey of tinea capitis in primary school in children in Harare&#44; Zimbabwe"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46;J&#46; Robertson"
                            1 => "S&#46; Wright"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Trop Med Hyg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "419"
                        "paginaFinal" => "422"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270008"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "identificador" => "xack35220"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thanks to Dr&#46; Vicente Crespo Erchiga&#44; my mycology mentor&#44; for critically reading this article&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001400/v1_201304241303/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6170"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Novelties in Dermatology"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010300000004/v1_201304241303/S1578219012001400/v1_201304241303/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219012001400?idApp=UINPBA000044"
]

Información del artículo

ISSN: 15782190
Idioma original: Inglés

DOI:10.1016/j.adengl.2012.05.007

Datos actualizados diariamente

año/Mes	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 Noviembre	6	7	13
2024 Octubre	91	48	139
2024 Septiembre	108	47	155
2024 Agosto	137	78	215
2024 Julio	122	36	158
2024 Junio	100	41	141
2024 Mayo	73	41	114
2024 Abril	101	44	145
2024 Marzo	89	38	127
2024 Febrero	94	38	132
2024 Enero	58	31	89
2023 Diciembre	78	19	97
2023 Noviembre	95	35	130
2023 Octubre	75	40	115
2023 Septiembre	97	40	137
2023 Agosto	47	15	62
2023 Julio	87	37	124
2023 Junio	74	28	102
2023 Mayo	80	35	115
2023 Abril	57	30	87
2023 Marzo	88	27	115
2023 Febrero	90	25	115
2023 Enero	43	21	64
2022 Diciembre	58	49	107
2022 Noviembre	55	36	91
2022 Octubre	31	23	54
2022 Septiembre	29	40	69
2022 Agosto	31	44	75
2022 Julio	33	46	79
2022 Junio	40	37	77
2022 Mayo	58	34	92
2022 Abril	88	54	142
2022 Marzo	98	64	162
2022 Febrero	84	36	120
2022 Enero	49	36	85
2021 Diciembre	36	37	73
2021 Noviembre	56	49	105
2021 Octubre	52	65	117
2021 Septiembre	48	36	84
2021 Agosto	44	31	75
2021 Julio	24	23	47
2021 Junio	36	30	66
2021 Mayo	43	47	90
2021 Abril	76	39	115
2021 Marzo	70	37	107
2021 Febrero	52	30	82
2021 Enero	26	21	47
2020 Diciembre	31	12	43
2020 Noviembre	26	21	47
2020 Octubre	32	14	46
2020 Septiembre	35	9	44
2020 Agosto	25	25	50
2020 Julio	28	15	43
2020 Junio	34	34	68
2020 Mayo	22	12	34
2020 Abril	36	17	53
2020 Marzo	31	20	51
2020 Febrero	7	7	14
2020 Enero	4	1	5
2019 Diciembre	8	2	10
2019 Noviembre	4	2	6
2019 Octubre	0	1	1
2019 Septiembre	8	1	9
2019 Agosto	4	5	9
2019 Julio	4	6	10
2019 Junio	5	0	5
2019 Mayo	6	6	12
2019 Abril	3	10	13
2019 Marzo	2	9	11
2019 Febrero	2	4	6
2019 Enero	1	0	1
2018 Diciembre	4	0	4
2018 Noviembre	1	0	1
2018 Octubre	3	0	3
2018 Septiembre	6	0	6
2018 Marzo	1	0	1
2018 Febrero	28	2	30
2018 Enero	42	5	47
2017 Diciembre	34	8	42
2017 Noviembre	38	7	45
2017 Octubre	29	15	44
2017 Septiembre	19	10	29
2017 Agosto	34	21	55
2017 Julio	18	3	21
2017 Junio	32	12	44
2017 Mayo	19	10	29
2017 Abril	25	5	30
2017 Marzo	22	5	27
2017 Febrero	9	22	31
2017 Enero	16	7	23
2016 Diciembre	32	19	51
2016 Noviembre	53	9	62
2016 Octubre	43	16	59
2016 Septiembre	56	8	64
2016 Agosto	64	13	77
2016 Julio	31	12	43
2016 Junio	10	12	22
2016 Mayo	5	8	13
2016 Abril	6	2	8
2016 Marzo	8	1	9
2016 Febrero	15	3	18
2016 Enero	6	0	6
2015 Diciembre	5	2	7
2015 Noviembre	17	5	22
2015 Octubre	11	4	15
2015 Septiembre	7	3	10
2015 Agosto	11	4	15
2015 Julio	51	4	55
2015 Junio	41	12	53
2015 Mayo	94	18	112
2015 Abril	94	17	111
2015 Marzo	78	21	99
2015 Febrero	50	11	61
2015 Enero	47	20	67
2014 Diciembre	55	11	66
2014 Noviembre	44	12	56
2014 Octubre	65	20	85
2014 Septiembre	42	15	57
2014 Agosto	60	15	75
2014 Julio	61	26	87
2014 Junio	71	9	80
2014 Mayo	71	23	94
2014 Abril	18	2	20
2014 Marzo	26	8	34
2014 Febrero	22	10	32
2014 Enero	26	15	41
2013 Diciembre	31	11	42
2013 Noviembre	20	13	33
2013 Octubre	23	13	36
2013 Septiembre	21	10	31
2013 Agosto	11	26	37
2013 Julio	6	29	35
2013 Junio	10	33	43
2013 Mayo	10	17	27
2013 Abril	10	52	62
2013 Marzo	13	18	31
2013 Febrero	25	9	34
2013 Enero	25	7	32
2012 Diciembre	23	6	29
2012 Agosto	0	1	1
2012 Julio	1	0	1

Mostrar todo

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Estadísticas

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Estadísticas

Suscríbase a la newsletter