Original Article
Pattern of Contact Sensitization to Paraphenylenediamine and Its Detection in Hair Dyes
Patrón de sensibilización por contacto a parafenilendiamina y su detección en tintes capilares
J.M. Fernández-Vozmediano
, M. Padilla-Moreno, J.C. Armario-Hita, C. Carranza-Romero
Autor para correspondencia
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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"documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102:199-205" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2434 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 43 "HTML" => 1551 "PDF" => 840 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Melanoma, Altitude, and UV-B Radiation" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "199" "paginaFinal" => "205" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Melanoma, altitud y radiación UVB" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "P. Aceituno-Madera, A. Buendía-Eisman, F.J. Olmo, J.J. Jiménez-Moleón, S. Serrano-Ortega" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Aceituno-Madera" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Buendía-Eisman" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Olmo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Moleón" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Serrano-Ortega" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219011707855?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010200000003/v1_201304241541/S1578219011707855/v1_201304241541/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Pattern of Contact Sensitization to Paraphenylenediamine and Its Detection in Hair Dyes" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "206" "paginaFinal" => "211" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J.M. Fernández-Vozmediano, M. Padilla-Moreno, J.C. Armario-Hita, C. Carranza-Romero" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vozmediano" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fdezvozmediano@dermasur.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Padilla-Moreno" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Armario-Hita" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Carranza-Romero" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Patrón de sensibilización por contacto a parafenilendiamina y su detección en tintes capilares" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2010-03-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2010-03-31" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84874" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Paraphenylenediamine" 1 => "Allergen detection" 2 => "Hair dyes" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84875" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Parafenilendiamina" 1 => "Detección de alérgenos" 2 => "Tintes capilares" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One of the greatest challenges in occupational dermatology is the identification of chemical substances used by patients in their work in order to determine their allergenic potential. Numerous techniques have been described for the identification of allergenic compounds. These tests must be sensitive, specific, and safe. We describe a study to detect the presence of paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dyes that are commercially available in Spain.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We undertook an experimental study involving qualitative and semiquantitative detection of PPD in hair dyes sold in Spain. The qualitative technique we used was a previously described colorimetric method involving dilution of the dye with isopropyl alcohol followed by addition of a reagent solution (1g of vanilla in 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of isopropyl alcohol and 7.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of hydrochloric acid). A quantitative study was then done in which the dye was extracted in 96% ethanol and subjected to 1-dimensional thin-layer chromatography.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 15 brown and 12 blonde dyes were analyzed. PPD was identified in all of the brown dyes analyzed, irrespective of whether it was indicated (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) or not (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3) in the composition. PPD was found in 6 of the 9 blonde dyes that indicated it in the composition and 2 of the 3 in which it was not indicated. Semiquantitative analysis by thin-layer chromatography revealed that the concentration of PPD in brown hair dyes (mean, 3%) was higher than in blonde dyes (mean, 0.1–0.3%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The presence of PPD in hair dyes is related to the color of the dye. It is consistently present in darker dyes and at low levels in blonde dyes. This study highlights the clinical and epidemiological importance of identifying allergens in dermatology, particularly in occupational dermatology.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uno de los retos más difíciles en el campo de la Dermatología laboral es la identificación de las sustancias químicas con las que trabaja el enfermo para poder determinar su capacidad alergénica. Se han descrito múltiples técnicas para poder identificar las distintas sustancias alergénicas contenidas en la composición de las sustancias que maneja el enfermo. Estas pruebas de detección de alérgenos deben ser sensibles, específicas y seguras. Presentamos un estudio experimental cuyo objetivo es detectar la presencia de parafenilendiamina en tintes capilares comercializados en nuestro país.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos realizado un estudio experimental con el fin de realizar una detección cualitativa y semicuantitativa de parafenilendiamina en tintes capilares comercializados en nuestro país. Como técnica cualitativa utilizamos la técnica de identificación descrita consistente en la dilución del tinte con alcohol isopropílico y con posterioridad se añade la solución reactiva (1 g de vainilla en 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml de alcohol isopropílico y 7,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml de ácido clorhídrico). Esta prueba da una respuesta colorimétrica que indica la presencia o no del alérgeno en el tinte capilar. Con posterioridad hemos procedido a realizar un estudio cualitativo mediante la extracción del colorante con etanol 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°, seguido de una cromatografía en capa fina monodimensional.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron un total de 15 tintes de color castaño o moreno y 12 tintes de color rubio. Este estudio nos permitió identificar la PPD en todos los tintes capilares morenos estudiados, con independencia de que su presencia estuviera indicada (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) o no (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3) en la composición del tinte. Comprobamos la presencia de PPD en 6 de los 9 tintes rubios que indicaban la presencia de PPD en su composición y en 2 de los 3 que no la indicaban. La valoración semicuantitativa mediante cromatografía de capa fina nos permitió confirmar que la concentración de PPD utilizada en los tintes capilares de color moreno era superior (media del 3%) a la de los tintes rubios (media del 0,1–0,3%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La presencia de PPD en tintes capilares está en relación con la coloración del tinte, siendo constante en los de color oscuro y de intensidad baja en los rubios. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia clínica y epidemiológica que tiene la identificación de alérgenos en la Dermatología, y de forma más concreta, en el campo de la Dermatología laboral.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2024 Octubre | 78 | 51 | 129 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 66 | 28 | 94 |
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| 2023 Noviembre | 64 | 35 | 99 |
| 2023 Octubre | 59 | 30 | 89 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 57 | 32 | 89 |
| 2023 Agosto | 29 | 40 | 69 |
| 2023 Julio | 27 | 41 | 68 |
| 2023 Junio | 43 | 22 | 65 |
| 2023 Mayo | 45 | 34 | 79 |
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| 2023 Marzo | 20 | 24 | 44 |
| 2023 Febrero | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2023 Enero | 24 | 38 | 62 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 29 | 48 | 77 |
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| 2022 Abril | 22 | 41 | 63 |
| 2022 Marzo | 23 | 49 | 72 |
| 2022 Febrero | 14 | 35 | 49 |
| 2022 Enero | 23 | 38 | 61 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 23 | 38 | 61 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 25 | 61 | 86 |
| 2021 Octubre | 31 | 49 | 80 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 25 | 53 | 78 |
| 2021 Agosto | 16 | 31 | 47 |
| 2021 Julio | 20 | 35 | 55 |
| 2021 Junio | 20 | 47 | 67 |
| 2021 Mayo | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2021 Abril | 31 | 34 | 65 |
| 2021 Marzo | 33 | 17 | 50 |
| 2021 Febrero | 30 | 23 | 53 |
| 2021 Enero | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 22 | 10 | 32 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 13 | 17 | 30 |
| 2020 Octubre | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2020 Agosto | 15 | 23 | 38 |
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| 2020 Junio | 27 | 27 | 54 |
| 2020 Mayo | 21 | 17 | 38 |
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| 2020 Marzo | 26 | 22 | 48 |
| 2020 Febrero | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2020 Enero | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 0 | 15 | 15 |
| 2019 Octubre | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 Agosto | 0 | 2 | 2 |
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| 2019 Mayo | 0 | 61 | 61 |
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| 2018 Junio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Marzo | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Febrero | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2018 Enero | 17 | 5 | 22 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2017 Octubre | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2017 Agosto | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2017 Julio | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2017 Junio | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2017 Mayo | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2017 Abril | 28 | 13 | 41 |
| 2017 Marzo | 23 | 23 | 46 |
| 2017 Febrero | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2017 Enero | 19 | 6 | 25 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 34 | 8 | 42 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2016 Octubre | 35 | 16 | 51 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 37 | 12 | 49 |
| 2016 Agosto | 54 | 13 | 67 |
| 2016 Julio | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2016 Junio | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2016 Mayo | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2016 Abril | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2016 Marzo | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2016 Febrero | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2016 Enero | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2015 Octubre | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2015 Agosto | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2015 Julio | 37 | 17 | 54 |
| 2015 Junio | 45 | 11 | 56 |
| 2015 Mayo | 62 | 21 | 83 |
| 2015 Abril | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2015 Marzo | 47 | 15 | 62 |
| 2015 Febrero | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2015 Enero | 27 | 16 | 43 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 25 | 19 | 44 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 23 | 15 | 38 |
| 2014 Octubre | 32 | 24 | 56 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 50 | 27 | 77 |
| 2014 Agosto | 42 | 17 | 59 |
| 2014 Julio | 40 | 26 | 66 |
| 2014 Junio | 48 | 15 | 63 |
| 2014 Mayo | 54 | 17 | 71 |
| 2014 Abril | 40 | 11 | 51 |
| 2014 Marzo | 46 | 25 | 71 |
| 2014 Febrero | 31 | 19 | 50 |
| 2014 Enero | 32 | 35 | 67 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 37 | 13 | 50 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 21 | 27 | 48 |
| 2013 Octubre | 34 | 22 | 56 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 37 | 26 | 63 |
| 2013 Agosto | 47 | 67 | 114 |
| 2013 Julio | 38 | 28 | 66 |
| 2013 Junio | 40 | 48 | 88 |
| 2013 Mayo | 36 | 48 | 84 |
| 2013 Abril | 46 | 55 | 101 |
| 2013 Marzo | 8 | 22 | 30 |
| 2013 Febrero | 5 | 8 | 13 |
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