Case and research letter
Occupational Contact Dermatitis Due to an Acrylic Resin (ThreeBond): 4 Cases in the Same Company
Dermatitis de contacto profesional por Threebond®. Cuatro casos en la misma empresa
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Cuatro casos en la misma empresa" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "468" "paginaFinal" => "469" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Professional contact dermatits to Threebond<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>. Four cases in the same factory" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1188 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 284298 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El material sellante Threebond<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>, responsable de la dermatitis de contacto alérgica en nuestros pacientes. En el tercer paciente la concentración de Threebond al 2% provocó incluso una reacción vesiculosa.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Romaguera, J. Vilaplana, M. Llagostera, R. Grimalt" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." 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Romaguera, J. Vilaplana, M. Llagostera, R. Grimalt" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Romaguera" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Vilaplana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Llagostera" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Grimalt" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "grimalt@ub.edu" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Alergia, Servicio Dermatología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dermatología, Mútua Universal, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatitis de contacto profesional por Threebond<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>. Cuatro casos en la misma empresa" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1188 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 284298 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Threebond sealant responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in our patients, 1 of whom had a vesicular reaction to the 2% Threebond solution.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acrylic resins are thermoplastic polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid or its esters. Acrylic monomers, with initiators, accelerators, and catalysts as additives, are polymerized in 1 of 2 ways: by exposure to ambient temperature, UV or visible light, or electron beams; or by heating.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acrylic resins can cause a range of skin problems, including allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and contact urticaria.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1998, Björkner<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> published a classification of acrylic resins that is widely accepted and with which we concur. That classification includes monoacrylates, monomethacrylates, multifunctional acrylates, prepolymers, acrylonitrile, acrylamide and derivatives, and cyanoacrylates.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multifunctional acrylates are used for dental and orthopedic prostheses, glues, adhesives, varnishes, artificial nails, dyes and inks, printing plates, parquet and wood flooring, and sealants for the automotive and iron and steel industries (Loctite, Threebond, and Sta-Lok).</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most important multifunctional acrylates in terms of frequency of sensitization are as follows: hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), etyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TREGDMA), and butanediol dimethacrylate (BUDMA).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report 4 cases of eczematous allergic contact dermatitis in workers employed in the same company. The dermatitis, which affected both hands, was the result of sensitization to acrylic resins contained in a sealant called Threebond (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In October 2009 our skin allergy unit was asked to perform a study of 4 patients who worked in the same motorcycle assembly company. The clinical appearance of the palms and between the fingers of both hands was identical in all 4 patients, with extremely pruritic lesions consisting of long-standing vesicles and blisters. The patients obtained sick leave from work and received standard treatment with antihistamines and corticosteroids (topical for 3 patients and oral for 1 patient). The lesions became cracked and scaly and eventually healed. On returning to work, 3 of the patients experienced immediate relapses (the fourth patient had changed jobs). The 4 patients had been in contact with oils and greases, and also with the Threebond sealant resin, which the patients themselves attributed as the cause of their dermatitis. Although the use of special protective gloves, made of thick cloth, was mandatory in the company, all 4 patients admitted that they had occasionally failed to use them.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 patients who experienced a relapse were 35, 40, and 32 years old, and their lesions had developed within 1.5 months, 1 year, and 10 months, respectively, of starting to work with the sealant. As mentioned above, the fourth patient had changed jobs, and so was not included in our study.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 patients underwent patch testing using the following series: the standard Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) battery; the Chemotechnique PG-1000 plastics and glues series and MA-1000 (meth)acrylates series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics AB, Vellinge, Sweden); and the Threebond sealant in 2%, 0.5%, and 0.2% aqueous solutions.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all 3 patients, readings at 48 and 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours were negative for allergens in the GEIDAC battery and in the plastics and glues series. As for the (meta)acrylates series, all 3 patients were positive for HEMA, HPMA, and EGDMA, as well as for the 3 concentrations of Threebond; 1 patient was also positive for TREGDMA.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature contains a number of reports of allergic contact dermatitis developing following contact with acrylic resins in the Threebond sealant, presenting with eczema in the acute phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a> In 2000, Turker and Beck<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> published the results of their study performed between 1983 and 1995, reporting 15% positivity to (meth)acrylates. Of the positive cases, 71% were due to occupational contact: 34% in odontostomatology (dentists, clinical assistants, and dental technicians), and the remaining 66% in other professions.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To avoid sensitization and burns during patch testing, it is important to adequately dilute the sealant before applying the corresponding patch.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, our 4 patients, workers employed in the same company, had eczematous allergic contact dermatitis on both hands caused by sensitization to acrylic resins contained in the Threebond sealant. The lesions would probably have been avoided had the patients assiduously worn the gloves provided by the company. This underlines the need, in certain occupations, to ensure absolute compliance with all protective measures aimed at preventing direct or airborne contact of the skin with possible allergens or irritants.A number of other cases of dermatitis caused by the same material have been reported in Spain for other occupations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8–10</span></a></p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Romaguera C, et al. Dermatitis de contacto profesional por Threebond<span class="elsevierStyleSup">©</span>. Cuatro casos en la misma empresa. Actas Dermosifiliogr.2011;102:468-469.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1188 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 284298 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Threebond sealant responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in our patients, 1 of whom had a vesicular reaction to the 2% Threebond solution.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resinas acrílicas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2024 Octubre | 79 | 57 | 136 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 66 | 30 | 96 |
| 2024 Agosto | 96 | 60 | 156 |
| 2024 Julio | 96 | 40 | 136 |
| 2024 Junio | 90 | 43 | 133 |
| 2024 Mayo | 101 | 33 | 134 |
| 2024 Abril | 87 | 26 | 113 |
| 2024 Marzo | 104 | 26 | 130 |
| 2024 Febrero | 100 | 32 | 132 |
| 2024 Enero | 66 | 33 | 99 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 68 | 18 | 86 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 51 | 33 | 84 |
| 2023 Octubre | 47 | 22 | 69 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 50 | 32 | 82 |
| 2023 Agosto | 52 | 42 | 94 |
| 2023 Julio | 55 | 41 | 96 |
| 2023 Junio | 51 | 37 | 88 |
| 2023 Mayo | 50 | 32 | 82 |
| 2023 Abril | 38 | 21 | 59 |
| 2023 Marzo | 36 | 22 | 58 |
| 2023 Febrero | 32 | 21 | 53 |
| 2023 Enero | 37 | 33 | 70 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 51 | 48 | 99 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| 2022 Octubre | 31 | 21 | 52 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 32 | 34 | 66 |
| 2022 Agosto | 25 | 27 | 52 |
| 2022 Julio | 39 | 37 | 76 |
| 2022 Junio | 19 | 39 | 58 |
| 2022 Mayo | 85 | 48 | 133 |
| 2022 Abril | 67 | 45 | 112 |
| 2022 Marzo | 66 | 43 | 109 |
| 2022 Febrero | 85 | 25 | 110 |
| 2022 Enero | 67 | 34 | 101 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 47 | 41 | 88 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 70 | 48 | 118 |
| 2021 Octubre | 88 | 47 | 135 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 61 | 36 | 97 |
| 2021 Agosto | 58 | 27 | 85 |
| 2021 Julio | 29 | 31 | 60 |
| 2021 Junio | 38 | 35 | 73 |
| 2021 Mayo | 38 | 33 | 71 |
| 2021 Abril | 53 | 42 | 95 |
| 2021 Marzo | 69 | 19 | 88 |
| 2021 Febrero | 56 | 20 | 76 |
| 2021 Enero | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 17 | 21 | 38 |
| 2020 Octubre | 29 | 9 | 38 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 37 | 11 | 48 |
| 2020 Agosto | 17 | 13 | 30 |
| 2020 Julio | 24 | 9 | 33 |
| 2020 Junio | 48 | 31 | 79 |
| 2020 Mayo | 26 | 20 | 46 |
| 2020 Abril | 41 | 25 | 66 |
| 2020 Marzo | 47 | 15 | 62 |
| 2020 Febrero | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2020 Enero | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Octubre | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| 2019 Agosto | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2019 Junio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Mayo | 6 | 14 | 20 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 2019 Marzo | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2019 Febrero | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 Enero | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Octubre | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2018 Marzo | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2018 Febrero | 44 | 3 | 47 |
| 2018 Enero | 63 | 11 | 74 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 55 | 8 | 63 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 41 | 4 | 45 |
| 2017 Octubre | 38 | 5 | 43 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 44 | 4 | 48 |
| 2017 Agosto | 52 | 5 | 57 |
| 2017 Julio | 52 | 4 | 56 |
| 2017 Junio | 55 | 2 | 57 |
| 2017 Mayo | 56 | 10 | 66 |
| 2017 Abril | 55 | 10 | 65 |
| 2017 Marzo | 41 | 4 | 45 |
| 2017 Febrero | 39 | 9 | 48 |
| 2017 Enero | 25 | 12 | 37 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 44 | 7 | 51 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 71 | 8 | 79 |
| 2016 Octubre | 98 | 7 | 105 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 103 | 7 | 110 |
| 2016 Agosto | 81 | 13 | 94 |
| 2016 Julio | 65 | 5 | 70 |
| 2016 Junio | 17 | 6 | 23 |
| 2016 Mayo | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2016 Abril | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2016 Marzo | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2016 Febrero | 3 | 9 | 12 |
| 2016 Enero | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2015 Octubre | 19 | 12 | 31 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 19 | 5 | 24 |
| 2015 Agosto | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2015 Julio | 55 | 7 | 62 |
| 2015 Junio | 55 | 9 | 64 |
| 2015 Mayo | 85 | 18 | 103 |
| 2015 Abril | 49 | 12 | 61 |
| 2015 Marzo | 52 | 6 | 58 |
| 2015 Febrero | 56 | 13 | 69 |
| 2015 Enero | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 46 | 5 | 51 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 40 | 15 | 55 |
| 2014 Octubre | 50 | 10 | 60 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 49 | 13 | 62 |
| 2014 Agosto | 51 | 16 | 67 |
| 2014 Julio | 47 | 24 | 71 |
| 2014 Junio | 73 | 11 | 84 |
| 2014 Mayo | 62 | 17 | 79 |
| 2014 Abril | 60 | 13 | 73 |
| 2014 Marzo | 66 | 19 | 85 |
| 2014 Febrero | 41 | 11 | 52 |
| 2014 Enero | 51 | 17 | 68 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 62 | 17 | 79 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 34 | 14 | 48 |
| 2013 Octubre | 49 | 20 | 69 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 38 | 21 | 59 |
| 2013 Agosto | 45 | 22 | 67 |
| 2013 Julio | 63 | 46 | 109 |
| 2013 Junio | 8 | 28 | 36 |
| 2013 Mayo | 11 | 17 | 28 |
| 2013 Abril | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| 2013 Marzo | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2013 Febrero | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2013 Enero | 232 | 5 | 237 |
| 2012 Diciembre | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2012 Octubre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2012 Septiembre | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2012 Agosto | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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