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we describe 2 cases of morning periorbital edema associated with low doses of oral minoxidil&#44; an effect rarely reported in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first patient was a 40-year-old man with androgenetic alopecia &#40;Hamilton&#8211;Norwood stage II&#41; and no previous history of disease&#46; He had received no previous treatment for his alopecia&#46; The patient began treatment with oral minoxidil in monotherapy &#40;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#41;&#44; taken nightly&#46; After 4 weeks of treatment&#44; the patient noticed swelling of the lower eyelids in the morning &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; This swelling resolved spontaneously during the day&#44; and had no impact on the patient&#39;s daily life&#44; nor was it accompanied by edema in other locations or other clinical signs such as urticaria or respiratory distress&#46; The patient was diagnosed with periorbital edema associated with oral minoxidil treatment&#46; With the patient&#39;s consent&#44; the dose of minoxidil was reduced to 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#44; resulting in complete resolution of the symptoms within a few days&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second patient was a 37-year-old woman with no previous history of disease who began treatment with oral minoxidil &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#44; taken nightly&#41; for androgenetic alopecia &#40;Ludwig stage Ib&#41;&#46; After 2 weeks of treatment&#44; the patient reported the appearance of morning periorbital edema &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41; that resolved spontaneously within 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes&#46; The edema was not accompanied by any additional clinical signs&#46; It was decided to withdraw treatment for 12 weeks&#44; resulting in complete resolution after 7 days&#46; Treatment was subsequently reinitiated at a dose of 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#44; taken nightly&#44; without the reappearance of edema&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Edema associated with the use of oral minoxidil is widely documented in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a> This effect is directly due to the drug&#39;s induction of capillary vasodilatation&#46; The resulting edema most often affects the lower limbs&#44; and develops in 1&#8211;10&#37; of cases&#44; depending on the dose used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> Although it can occur in patients receiving doses as low as 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#44; the risk is much higher in those treated with 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The likelihood of edema may be higher in obese patients and those receiving concomitant treatment with calcium channel blockers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It is not a serious adverse effect and does not result in long-term complications&#46; It can even remit spontaneously after 2&#8211;3 months of treatment without the need to alter the dose regimen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In the most severe cases it can markedly impact quality of life&#44; and may necessitate discontinuation of treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> While edema in the lower limbs is a relatively common adverse effect&#44; its appearance in other locations&#44; such as the face&#44; is unusual&#44; accounting for around 0&#46;3&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While periorbital edema associated with low doses of oral minoxidil is very rare&#44; we believe it is very important to be aware of this adverse effect&#46; Its appearance in the morning is probably a result of prolonged decubitus&#44; hence its spontaneous resolution during the day&#46; In most of the cases described&#44; and in the cases reported here&#44; this effect is mild&#44; and although dose reduction may be required&#44; treatment discontinuation is not usually necessary&#46; However&#44; the location is very striking&#44; and can give rise to confusion with allergic angioedema&#44; which requires immediate attention&#46; It is therefore important that patients are aware of this possible adverse effect and the accompanying warning signs&#46;</p></span>"
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                            0 => "I&#46;J&#46;B&#46; do Nascimento"
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                            2 => "V&#46;B&#46; Rocha"
                            3 => "J&#46;Y&#46; Thompson"
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Case and Research Letter
Morning Periorbital Edema Related to Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil
Edema periorbitario matutino por minoxidil oral a dosis bajas
J.F. Mir-Bonaféa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
joanmirbonafe@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. Mir-Bonaféc, E. Rozas-Muñozd, J.M. Mir-Bonaféb
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
b Unidad de Tricología y Trasplante Capilar, Clínica Juaneda, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Vital Álvarez Builla, Mieres, Spain
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de San Pablo, Coquimbo, Chile
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        "titulo" => "Edema periorbitario matutino por minoxidil oral a dosis bajas"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Periorbital edema in a 40-year-old man treated with oral minoxidil &#40;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#41;&#46; B&#44; Periorbital edema in a 37-year-old woman treated with oral minoxidil &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Over the last few years&#44; the use of low-dose oral minoxidil to treat androgenetic alopecia has brought about a small revolution in the field of dermatology in general&#44; and trichology in particular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Oral administration appears to provide important benefits in terms of convenience&#44; cosmesis&#44; cost-efficiency&#44; co-therapy&#44; and compliance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; although considered safe the use of this regimen requires an understanding of the drug and its adverse effects&#46; The most frequently described adverse effects are hypertrichosis&#44; postural hypotension&#44; tachycardia&#44; and pretibial edema&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Below&#44; we describe 2 cases of morning periorbital edema associated with low doses of oral minoxidil&#44; an effect rarely reported in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first patient was a 40-year-old man with androgenetic alopecia &#40;Hamilton&#8211;Norwood stage II&#41; and no previous history of disease&#46; He had received no previous treatment for his alopecia&#46; The patient began treatment with oral minoxidil in monotherapy &#40;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#41;&#44; taken nightly&#46; After 4 weeks of treatment&#44; the patient noticed swelling of the lower eyelids in the morning &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; This swelling resolved spontaneously during the day&#44; and had no impact on the patient&#39;s daily life&#44; nor was it accompanied by edema in other locations or other clinical signs such as urticaria or respiratory distress&#46; The patient was diagnosed with periorbital edema associated with oral minoxidil treatment&#46; With the patient&#39;s consent&#44; the dose of minoxidil was reduced to 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#44; resulting in complete resolution of the symptoms within a few days&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second patient was a 37-year-old woman with no previous history of disease who began treatment with oral minoxidil &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#44; taken nightly&#41; for androgenetic alopecia &#40;Ludwig stage Ib&#41;&#46; After 2 weeks of treatment&#44; the patient reported the appearance of morning periorbital edema &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41; that resolved spontaneously within 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes&#46; The edema was not accompanied by any additional clinical signs&#46; It was decided to withdraw treatment for 12 weeks&#44; resulting in complete resolution after 7 days&#46; Treatment was subsequently reinitiated at a dose of 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#44; taken nightly&#44; without the reappearance of edema&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Edema associated with the use of oral minoxidil is widely documented in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a> This effect is directly due to the drug&#39;s induction of capillary vasodilatation&#46; The resulting edema most often affects the lower limbs&#44; and develops in 1&#8211;10&#37; of cases&#44; depending on the dose used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> Although it can occur in patients receiving doses as low as 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#44; the risk is much higher in those treated with 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The likelihood of edema may be higher in obese patients and those receiving concomitant treatment with calcium channel blockers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It is not a serious adverse effect and does not result in long-term complications&#46; It can even remit spontaneously after 2&#8211;3 months of treatment without the need to alter the dose regimen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In the most severe cases it can markedly impact quality of life&#44; and may necessitate discontinuation of treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> While edema in the lower limbs is a relatively common adverse effect&#44; its appearance in other locations&#44; such as the face&#44; is unusual&#44; accounting for around 0&#46;3&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While periorbital edema associated with low doses of oral minoxidil is very rare&#44; we believe it is very important to be aware of this adverse effect&#46; Its appearance in the morning is probably a result of prolonged decubitus&#44; hence its spontaneous resolution during the day&#46; In most of the cases described&#44; and in the cases reported here&#44; this effect is mild&#44; and although dose reduction may be required&#44; treatment discontinuation is not usually necessary&#46; However&#44; the location is very striking&#44; and can give rise to confusion with allergic angioedema&#44; which requires immediate attention&#46; It is therefore important that patients are aware of this possible adverse effect and the accompanying warning signs&#46;</p></span>"
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