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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some time ago&#44; we published a brief review of treatments available or in development that could be of use in the control of the then incipient outbreak of monkeypox&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In that review&#44; we highlighted the role of tecovirimat as the only antiviral drug approved by the European Medicines Agency &#40;EMA&#41; for the virus&#44; given its good safety profile and proven efficacy in reducing mortality in animal models&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In response to that publication&#44; Dr Sookaromdee and Dr Wiwanitkit published a letter entitled <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments for Monkeypox</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in which they shared their opinion on the use of tecovirimat and mentioned intravenous immunoglobulin as another potentially effective treatment for monkeypox&#44; now declared a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</span> by the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the affirmations by Dr Sookaromdee and Dr Wiwanitkit is that&#44; although tecovirimat has demonstrated efficacy&#44; it is not a widely used drug in countries in which the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Monkeypox virus</span> has traditionally been considered endemic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> A possible reason for the limited use of tecovirimat in those countries is that their healthcare resources and structure are not comparable to those in European countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In addition&#44; we should add that approval by the EMA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> is not applicable in Africa&#44; and to date&#44; it is the only health agency to have approved the drug for the indication of monkeypox&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second aspect that we wanted to comment on is the possibility of using intravenously-administered anti-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span> immunoglobulin&#44; proposed by Sookaromdee and Wiwanitkit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This immunoglobulin is indicated only for the treatment of certain complications such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">eczema vaccinatum</span>&#44; progressive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span>&#44; and severe generalized <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span> caused by administration of the vaccine derived from the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia virus</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The regimen administered is 6000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;kg as soon as possible after onset of the first symptoms of the disease&#44; with possible dose repetitions according to the severity of the condition and response to the initial dose &#40;doses can be increased to 9000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;kg if the patient has not responded to the first dose&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Although there are factors to support its use against monkeypox&#44; such as the similarity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Orthopoxvirus</span> genomes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> to date&#44; there have been no human trials on its use in this indication&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; it is necessary to highlight the use of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span>-based vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis&#46; The WHO currently recommends administration of a second- or third-generation vaccine for case contacts in the first 4 days after exposure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It is estimated that the vaccine could provide cross-immunity against the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Monkeypox virus</span> with an efficacy of approximately 80&#37;&#8211;85&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> given the aforementioned genomic similarity among <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Orthopoxvirus</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Anti-Vaccinia Immunoglobulin and Post-exposure Prophylaxis with Vaccinia-based Vaccine for Management of the Monkeypox Outbreak
Inmunoglobulina anti-Vaccinia y profilaxis postexposición mediante vacuna basada en Vaccinia para el control del brote de viruela símica (Monkeypox)
F.J. Rodríguez-Cuadradoa,
Autor para correspondencia
, E.L. Pinto-Pulidob, M. Fernández-Parradoc
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some time ago&#44; we published a brief review of treatments available or in development that could be of use in the control of the then incipient outbreak of monkeypox&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In that review&#44; we highlighted the role of tecovirimat as the only antiviral drug approved by the European Medicines Agency &#40;EMA&#41; for the virus&#44; given its good safety profile and proven efficacy in reducing mortality in animal models&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In response to that publication&#44; Dr Sookaromdee and Dr Wiwanitkit published a letter entitled <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments for Monkeypox</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in which they shared their opinion on the use of tecovirimat and mentioned intravenous immunoglobulin as another potentially effective treatment for monkeypox&#44; now declared a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</span> by the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the affirmations by Dr Sookaromdee and Dr Wiwanitkit is that&#44; although tecovirimat has demonstrated efficacy&#44; it is not a widely used drug in countries in which the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Monkeypox virus</span> has traditionally been considered endemic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> A possible reason for the limited use of tecovirimat in those countries is that their healthcare resources and structure are not comparable to those in European countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In addition&#44; we should add that approval by the EMA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> is not applicable in Africa&#44; and to date&#44; it is the only health agency to have approved the drug for the indication of monkeypox&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second aspect that we wanted to comment on is the possibility of using intravenously-administered anti-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span> immunoglobulin&#44; proposed by Sookaromdee and Wiwanitkit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This immunoglobulin is indicated only for the treatment of certain complications such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">eczema vaccinatum</span>&#44; progressive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span>&#44; and severe generalized <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span> caused by administration of the vaccine derived from the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia virus</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The regimen administered is 6000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;kg as soon as possible after onset of the first symptoms of the disease&#44; with possible dose repetitions according to the severity of the condition and response to the initial dose &#40;doses can be increased to 9000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;kg if the patient has not responded to the first dose&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Although there are factors to support its use against monkeypox&#44; such as the similarity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Orthopoxvirus</span> genomes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> to date&#44; there have been no human trials on its use in this indication&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; it is necessary to highlight the use of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinia</span>-based vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis&#46; The WHO currently recommends administration of a second- or third-generation vaccine for case contacts in the first 4 days after exposure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It is estimated that the vaccine could provide cross-immunity against the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Monkeypox virus</span> with an efficacy of approximately 80&#37;&#8211;85&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> given the aforementioned genomic similarity among <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Orthopoxvirus</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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