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Practical Dermoscopy
Patchy Hair Loss
Alopecia parcheada
M. Blanco-Calvoa, A. Comunión-Artiedab, A. Martin-Gorgojob,
Autor para correspondencia
alejandromartingorgojo@aedv.es

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Spain
b Servicio de ITS/Dermatología, Sección de Especialidades Médicas, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopy images with polarized light &#40;obtained using the Fotofinder&#174; digital dermatoscope&#41;&#46; Top panel&#58; 20&#215; magnification&#46; Bottom panel&#58; 30&#215; magnification&#46; Focal alopecia&#44; broken hairs of uniform length&#44; short&#44; vellus regrowth hair&#44; and yellow spots&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case Description</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 22-year-old man visited our department for assessment of loss of patches of hair that had begun 2 weeks earlier&#46; Physical examination revealed small areas of alopecia distributed in the temporal and occipital regions&#44; with no accompanying erythema or scaling &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is Your Diagnosis&#63;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Syphilitic alopecia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopy findings are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; A directed history allowed for clinical suspicion of secondary syphilis&#46; Serology positive for treponema and with an RPR titer of 1&#47;16 confirmed this diagnosis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Syphilitic alopecia is a rare clinical manifestation of secondary syphilis&#46; Depending on its pattern &#40;moth-eaten or diffuse&#41;&#44; it may produce clinical findings similar to those of other nonscarring alopecias&#44; such as alopecia areata&#44; trichotillomania&#44; or telogen effluvium&#46; It is considered to be essential syphilitic alopecia when no evidence of other mucocutaneous disease exists &#40;as in our case&#41;&#44; which make diagnosis difficult&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few dermoscopic findings of syphilitic alopecia have been described in the literature to date&#46; In 2014&#44; Ye et al&#46; first described trichoscopy in a patient with moth-eaten syphilitic alopecia&#44; in which they identified black spots&#44; focal alopecia&#44; hypopigmentation of the hair shaft&#44; and yellow spots&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Subsequent descriptions include yellow spots&#44; vellus hair&#44; sharp&#44; bent&#44; broken&#44; or zigzag hairs&#44; dilated and tortuous blood vessels with slight extravasation of blood&#44; a brownish-erythematous background&#44; and perifollicular hyperkeratosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common dermoscopic findings in alopecia areata include black spots&#44; exclamation point hairs&#44; short regrowth hairs&#44; and yellow spots&#46; In trichotillomania&#44; the most common finding is broken hairs of different lengths&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Broken hairs are the result of irregular transversal fracture of the terminal hair&#44; weakened by an inflammatory process or by the rapid growth of a hair that has not been completely destroyed&#46; Molecular studies have made it possible to identify the bacterium <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treponema pallidum</span> in the affected follicles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> While the pathophysiology is not clear&#44; it is thought that the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; pallidum</span> or the immune response to this bacterium may cause vasculitis of small vessels and damage to the follicle&#44; with a loss of terminal hair and interruption of the hair-follicle growth cycle&#44; which results in the presence of empty follicles and broken hairs&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this case of essential moth-eaten essential syphilitic alopecia&#44; dermoscopy supported the suspected diagnosis &#40;given the absence of criteria for other possible clinical diagnoses&#41; and made it possible to speed up treatment &#40;an antibiotic was prescribed at the time of the initial assessment&#41;&#46; Dermoscopy is a useful&#44; noninvasive&#44; and rapid method that can help to diagnose a suspected syphilitic alopecia&#44; although serological tests is essential for a definitive diagnosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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