RF - Nonsurgical Treatment of Keratoacanthomas | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

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Clínica: Lesiones maculo-papulosas eritemato-marronáceas en zona facial, parte alta de la espalda y brazos (a y b). Histología: Infiltrado mononuclear dérmico superficial (c). La población dérmica es mayoritariamente positiva para CD163 (d). No se observa un número inusualmente alto de células positivas para CD1a (e). Se observa un ligero aumento de mastocitos perivasculares (f). (d, HE, ×200; e, CD163, ×100; f, CD1a, ×100; g, c-kit, ×400)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Silva Díaz, B. Vázquez Fernández, C. Monteagudo Castro, J.M. Martín Hernández" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Silva Díaz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Vázquez Fernández" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Monteagudo Castro" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.M." 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Bosch-Amate, C. Mancinelli, D. Morgado-Carrasco" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "X." "apellidos" => "Bosch-Amate" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Mancinelli" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Morgado-Carrasco" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731021003045?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000011300000002/v1_202203040527/S0001731021003045/v1_202203040527/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Resident’s Forum" "titulo" => " RF - Nonsurgical Treatment of Keratoacanthomas" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "T192" "paginaFinal" => "T194" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "X. Bosch-Amate, C. Mancinelli, D. Morgado-Carrasco" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "X." "apellidos" => "Bosch-Amate" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Mancinelli" ] 2 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Morgado-Carrasco" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "morgadodaniel8@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "FR - Tratamiento no quirúrgico de los queratoacantomas" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a skin tumor that, unlike classic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), grows rapidly and can subsequently partially or completely resolve. While some evidence supports its classification as a well differentiated variant of SCC, this remains a topic of debate. Clinical differentiation from SCC can be difficult, but it is useful to distinguish one from the other, as there are nonsurgical therapeutic options (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) that may be useful for the treatment of KA, including intralesional infiltration of methotrexate (MTX) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as topical application of imiquimod or 5-FU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,2</a> Other, less frequently used intralesional substances, for which less supporting data are available, include bleomycin, corticosteroids, and interferon alfa.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Moss et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> recently published the largest study comparing intralesional MTX with conventional surgery in patients with a clinical or histological diagnosis of KA (n = 136; 157 tumors). In each case, the treatment decision was reached following consultation between the physician and the patient. In the 54 patients (n = 73) for whom intralesional MTX was indicated, a variable volume of 0.075-1 mL (depending on tumor size) was injected into the tumor base at a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL (25 mg/mL MTX diluted 50% with 1% lidocaine and 1:100 000 adrenaline). Doses were administered every 2-4 weeks. Complete resolution after 1 to 4 infiltrations (mean, 2.1) was observed in 88% (64 of 73) of KAs. Clinical cure was confirmed between 6 and 8 weeks after the last infiltration. The 9 patients who did not respond to intralesional MTX (8 KA lesions decreased in size and 1 remained unchanged) presented solitary KAs that were treated surgically, without complications. No moderate-to-severe adverse effects were observed in any of the patients treated with intralesional MTX. Mohs micrographic surgery was used for all of the 84 surgically-treated tumors, without recurrences or surgical complications. In an Italian series of 11 elderly patients with KA, mainly affecting the head and hands, weekly intralesional MTX infusions (median, 5.3; range, 4-8) resulted in complete resolution in all cases, without systemic adverse effects or recurrences after 6-9 months of follow-up.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a>A 2019 systematic review of nonsurgically-treated KA (n = 184), not including the series by Moss et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> found no significant differences in the rate of resolution between topical and intralesional treatments (92% and 100%, respectively), but reported a faster response for intralesional 5-FU versus intralesional MTX (3.7 vs 4.6 wk, which may not constitute a clinically significant difference) and for topical 5-FU versus topical imiquimod (3.8 vs 7.6 wk).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> Similar findings were reported in another recent review, with a 94% cure rate and no adverse effects of note.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a>Spanish authors evaluated intralesional MTX as neoadjuvant therapy prior to KA surgery, and concluded that it is a well-tolerated measure that precludes the need for aggressive surgeries in facial or acral areas in elderly patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a>Because spontaneous resolution of KA can take up to 1 year, or not occur at all, most authors recommend targeted treatment. Nonsurgical techniques (infiltrations and topical treatments) can be valid alternatives for KA located in complex areas (facial or acral) or in elderly patients." "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1486036" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Keratoacanthomas" 1 => "Non-surgical treatment" 2 => "Methotrexate" 3 => "5-Fluorouracil" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Bosch-Amate X, Mancinelli C, Morgado-Carrasco D. FR - Tratamiento no quirúrgico de los queratoacantomas. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2022;113:192–194." ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Abbreviations: HC, hydrocortisone; MUI, million international units." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Drug \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Route of administration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interval \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Duration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adverse effects \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Methotrexate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intralesional \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.5 mg/mL (0.075-1 mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1-4 weeks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1-4 weeks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate pain at moment of injectionPancytopenia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5-Fluorouracil</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5% ointment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1-3 times per day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1-8 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mild skin irritationAcute pruritus and contact dermatitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intralesional \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 mg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3-4 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Discomfort at moment of injectionFocal irritation and necrosisHypopigmentation, purulent exudateErythema, edema, and lymphedema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Imiquimod \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5% cream \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1-3 times per week \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3-11 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Erythema and crusting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; 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It is therefore recommended to perform laboratory tests before and after drug infiltration." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "There is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of these drugs for the treatment of keratoacanthoma." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Nonsurgical Alternatives for the Management of Keratoacanthoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relative efficacy of nonoperative treatment of keratoacanthomas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.W. Seger" 1 => "I.S. Tarantino" 2 => "B.C. Neill" 3 => "T. Wang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/1203475419882336" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cutan Med Surg" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "41" "paginaFinal" => "46" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31591899" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ensayo clínico: la infiltración intralesional con metotrexato de forma neoadyuvante en la cirugía del queratoacantoma permite obtener mejores resultados estéticos y funcionales" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Martorell-Calatayud" 1 => "C. Requena" 2 => "E. Nagore" 3 => "O. Sanmartín" 4 => "C. Serra-Guillén" 5 => "R. Botella-Estrada" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "102" "paginaInicial" => "605" "paginaFinal" => "615" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intralesional therapy for the treatment of keratoacanthoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Kiss" 1 => "P. Avci" 2 => "A. Bánvölgyi" 3 => "K. Lőrincz" 4 => "J. Szakonyi" 5 => "N. 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Resident’s Forum

RF - Nonsurgical Treatment of Keratoacanthomas

FR - Tratamiento no quirúrgico de los queratoacantomas

X. Bosch-Amate, C. Mancinelli, D. Morgado-Carrasco

Autor para correspondencia

morgadodaniel8@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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    "titulo" => " RF - Nonsurgical Treatment of Keratoacanthomas"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Keratoacanthoma &#40;KA&#41; is a skin tumor that&#44; unlike classic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma &#40;SCC&#41;&#44; grows rapidly and can subsequently partially or completely resolve&#46; While some evidence supports its classification as a well differentiated variant of SCC&#44; this remains a topic of debate&#46; Clinical differentiation from SCC can be difficult&#44; but it is useful to distinguish one from the other&#44; as there are nonsurgical therapeutic options &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41; that may be useful for the treatment of KA&#44; including intralesional infiltration of methotrexate &#40;MTX&#41; or 5-fluorouracil &#40;5-FU&#41;&#44; as well as topical application of imiquimod or 5-FU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Other&#44; less frequently used intralesional substances&#44; for which less supporting data are available&#44; include bleomycin&#44; corticosteroids&#44; and interferon alfa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moss et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> recently published the largest study comparing intralesional MTX with conventional surgery in patients with a clinical or histological diagnosis of KA &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;136&#59; 157 tumors&#41;&#46; In each case&#44; the treatment decision was reached following consultation between the physician and the patient&#46; In the 54 patients &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;73&#41; for whom intralesional MTX was indicated&#44; a variable volume of 0&#46;075-1&#8239;mL &#40;depending on tumor size&#41; was injected into the tumor base at a concentration of 12&#46;5&#8239;mg&#47;mL &#40;25&#8239;mg&#47;mL MTX diluted 50&#37; with 1&#37; lidocaine and 1&#58;100 000 adrenaline&#41;&#46; Doses were administered every 2-4 weeks&#46; Complete resolution after 1 to 4 infiltrations &#40;mean&#44; 2&#46;1&#41; was observed in 88&#37; &#40;64 of 73&#41; of KAs&#46; Clinical cure was confirmed between 6 and 8 weeks after the last infiltration&#46; The 9 patients who did not respond to intralesional MTX &#40;8 KA lesions decreased in size and 1 remained unchanged&#41; presented solitary KAs that were treated surgically&#44; without complications&#46; No moderate-to-severe adverse effects were observed in any of the patients treated with intralesional MTX&#46; Mohs micrographic surgery was used for all of the 84 surgically-treated tumors&#44; without recurrences or surgical complications&#46; In an Italian series of 11 elderly patients with KA&#44; mainly affecting the head and hands&#44; weekly intralesional MTX infusions &#40;median&#44; 5&#46;3&#59; range&#44; 4-8&#41; resulted in complete resolution in all cases&#44; without systemic adverse effects or recurrences after 6-9 months of follow-up&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 2019 systematic review of nonsurgically-treated KA &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;184&#41;&#44; not including the series by Moss et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> found no significant differences in the rate of resolution between topical and intralesional treatments &#40;92&#37; and 100&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#44; but reported a faster response for intralesional 5-FU versus intralesional MTX &#40;3&#46;7 vs 4&#46;6 wk&#44; which may not constitute a clinically significant difference&#41; and for topical 5-FU versus topical imiquimod &#40;3&#46;8 vs 7&#46;6 wk&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Similar findings were reported in another recent review&#44; with a 94&#37; cure rate and no adverse effects of note&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spanish authors evaluated intralesional MTX as neoadjuvant therapy prior to KA surgery&#44; and concluded that it is a well-tolerated measure that precludes the need for aggressive surgeries in facial or acral areas in elderly patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because spontaneous resolution of KA can take up to 1&#8239;year&#44; or not occur at all&#44; most authors recommend targeted treatment&#46; Nonsurgical techniques &#40;infiltrations and topical treatments&#41; can be valid alternatives for KA located in complex areas &#40;facial or acral&#41; or in elderly patients&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Bosch-Amate X&#44; Mancinelli C&#44; Morgado-Carrasco D&#46; FR - Tratamiento no quir&#250;rgico de los queratoacantomas&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2022&#59;113&#58;192&#8211;194&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; HC&#44; hydrocortisone&#59; MUI&#44; million international units&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Drug&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Route of administration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interval&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adverse effects&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Methotrexate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intralesional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;5&#8239;mg&#47;mL &#40;0&#46;075-1&#8239;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1-4 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1-4 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate pain at moment of injectionPancytopenia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5-Fluorouracil</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Topical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#37; ointment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1-3 times per day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1-8 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mild skin irritationAcute pruritus and contact dermatitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intralesional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#8239;mg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3-4 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Discomfort at moment of injectionFocal irritation and necrosisHypopigmentation&#44; purulent exudateErythema&#44; edema&#44; and lymphedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Imiquimod&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Topical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#37; cream&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1-3 times per week&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3-11 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erythema and crusting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bleomycin<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intralesional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2-0&#46;4 mg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2-6 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erythema&#44; pigmentation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interferon alfa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intralesional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 MUI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5-7 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Local painNeutropeniaUrticariaFlu-like symptoms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Corticosteroids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Intralesional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg HC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypopigmentation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nonsurgical Alternatives for the Management of Keratoacanthoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></p>"
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Información del artículo

ISSN: 00017310
Idioma original: Inglés

DOI:10.1016/j.ad.2022.01.017

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