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&#250;nica o m&#250;ltiples&#44; en el trayecto entre el tumor primitivo y el &#225;rea ganglionar de drenaje&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con los datos recogidos realizamos un an&#225;lisis descriptivo bivariante&#44; y estratificado mediante los paquetes estad&#237;sticos SPSS 15&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> para Windows&#44; y EpiDat 3&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#46; Los test utilizados fueron el test chi-cuadrado y el test exacto de Fisher&#46; Se consider&#243; significativo un valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De los 404 casos de melanoma cut&#225;neo&#44; 93 &#40;23&#37;&#41; presentaron alg&#250;n tipo de recidiva durante el periodo de seguimiento &#40;media 18&#44;06 meses&#41;&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se expone la distribuci&#243;n de los pacientes de nuestra cohorte&#46; La prevalencia global de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito fue del 6&#44;9&#37;&#44; siendo mucho mayor en los pacientes con BSGC positiva &#40;22&#44;9&#37;&#41; que en los que fue negativa &#40;3&#44;5&#37;&#41; o en los que no fueron sometidos a la t&#233;cnica &#40;5&#44;8&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; El intervalo medio libre de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito fue de 8&#44;93 meses&#46; De los pacientes que presentaron alg&#250;n tipo de recidiva&#44; el 70&#37; tuvieron como primer lugar de diseminaci&#243;n los ganglios linf&#225;ticos regionales&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se recogen las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes que presentaron recidiva&#44; y se comparan con los que no recidivaron&#46; Puede observarse como los pacientes con recidiva presentaron melanomas con un Breslow medio superior &#40;3&#44;68 mm&#41;&#44; un mayor nivel de Clark &#40;54&#44;8&#37; eran de nivel IV-V&#41;&#44; un mayor porcentaje de ulceraci&#243;n &#40;55&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; y una mayor proporci&#243;n de melanomas nodulares &#40;MN&#44; 43 frente a un 18&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Se obtuvo significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en las siguientes variables&#58; edad superior a 50 a&#241;os&#44; hombre&#44; mayor &#237;ndice de Breslow y nivel de Clark&#44; ulceraci&#243;n&#44; forma anatomocl&#237;nica y la presencia de satelitosis&#46; Tan solo se mantuvo sin significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica la localizaci&#243;n del melanoma primario&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posteriormente se analizaron mediante tablas de contingencia distintos factores para ver su relaci&#243;n con la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46; Se obtuvo significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica para la edad mayor de 50 a&#241;os&#44; el espesor de Breslow&#44; el nivel de Clark&#44; la presencia de ulceraci&#243;n y la presencia de recidivas locales&#44; ganglionares o a distancia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; Respecto al espesor de Breslow&#44; el riesgo relativo &#40;RR&#41; se incrementaba en gran medida con el espesor&#44; siendo de 10&#44;72 para el grupo de 1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; 18&#44;09 para el de 2-4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; y de 53&#44;24 para los melanomas de &#62;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; tomando como nivel de referencia el espesor de &#62;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Por otro lado&#44; los melanomas con mayores niveles de Clark &#40;IV-V&#41; tuvieron un RR de 2&#44;91 con respecto a niveles m&#225;s bajos&#44; y la presencia de ulceraci&#243;n se asoci&#243; con un RR de 5&#44;54&#46; Tambi&#233;n hubo asociaci&#243;n significativa entre la presencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito y otro tipo de recidivas&#44; tanto locales&#44; como ganglionares o a distancia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con el objetivo de estudiar la relaci&#243;n entre el tratamiento recibido y la presencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; se compararon los tres grupos de tratamiento &#40;excisi&#243;n amplia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> excisi&#243;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BSGC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> excisi&#243;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>linfadenectom&#237;a&#41;&#44; obteni&#233;ndose un resultado estad&#237;sticamente no significativo&#46; Se analiz&#243; la relaci&#243;n entre la realizaci&#243;n de la BSGC &#40;globalmente&#44; independientemente del resultado&#41; y la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; sin que se hallase una relaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa&#46; El resultado positivo de la BSGC s&#237; que se asoci&#243; a un incremento del riesgo relativo de aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito &#40;RR 6&#44;37&#44; IC 95&#37; 2&#44;48-16&#44;35&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para evitar factores de confusi&#243;n que pudieran interferir en el presente estudio&#44; se realiz&#243; adicionalmente un an&#225;lisis estratificado en funci&#243;n de distintas variables &#40;edad&#44; sexo&#44; Breslow&#44; Clark&#44; forma anatomocl&#237;nica&#44; presencia de ulceraci&#243;n y localizaci&#243;n&#41; para ver la relaci&#243;n entre la t&#233;cnica de la BSGC y la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46; De nuevo se obtuvo un resultado no significativo en todos los grupos excepto en los subgrupos de lentigo maligno melanoma &#40;LMM&#41; y nivel de Clark I-III&#46; De estos dos subgrupos&#44; en el test de Fisher solo se mantuvo la significaci&#243;n en el nivel de Clark I-III&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito son un subtipo especial de met&#225;stasis asociadas a un mal pron&#243;stico en los pacientes con melanoma cut&#225;neo&#46; Su prevalencia global de aparici&#243;n var&#237;a mucho en funci&#243;n de los estudios&#44; con cifras que var&#237;an de un 2&#44;5 a un 23&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a>&#46; Esta variabilidad en la prevalencia se justifica en parte por la falta de criterios a la hora de definir met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; recidivas locales&#44; y satelitosis&#44; que hace que en muchos estudios se engloben a todas ellas como recidivas regionales&#47;en tr&#225;nsito&#46; Sin embargo&#44; si nos atenemos estrictamente a la definici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; es decir&#44; aquellas situadas a m&#225;s de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de la cicatriz de la extirpaci&#243;n previa&#44; y dispuestas en el trayecto hacia el &#225;rea ganglionar de drenaje&#44; vemos que los trabajos que as&#237; las consideran comunican frecuencias mucho menores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#44; y m&#225;s en consonancia con los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio &#40;un 6&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Debido a que las recidivas locales resultan a menudo de una extirpaci&#243;n incompleta del tumor primitivo y tienen un mejor pron&#243;stico que las verdaderas met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; resulta l&#243;gico excluirlas de nuestro an&#225;lisis&#46; En cuanto al pron&#243;stico&#44; en este estudio no se han analizado datos de supervivencia&#44; pero s&#237; que existe asociaci&#243;n entre la presencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito y la aparici&#243;n de recidivas locales&#44; ganglionares y met&#225;stasis a distancia&#44; lo cual ya es en s&#237; mismo un dato de mal pron&#243;stico que muy probablemente se asocie a una pobre supervivencia&#46; Otros estudios describen una supervivencia a los cinco a&#241;os que oscila entre un 12 y un 54&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor parte de las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito de nuestra serie aparecieron durante el primer a&#241;o despu&#233;s del diagn&#243;stico&#46; Otros autores refieren una mayor incidencia en los primeros tres a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#59; sin embargo&#44; en nuestro caso y aunque el periodo de seguimiento medio fue de 3 a&#241;os&#44; la gran mayor&#237;a se diagnosticaron poco despu&#233;s del diagn&#243;stico inicial&#44; con una media de casi 9 meses&#46; Se podr&#237;a argumentar que con un mayor periodo de seguimiento se podr&#237;an haber diagnosticado m&#225;s casos&#44; pero tal y como se ha comentado previamente&#44; la incidencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito de nuestra cohorte es muy similar a la de otras series con mayor n&#250;mero de pacientes y con seguimientos m&#225;s prolongados&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hasta la fecha&#44; existen algunos trabajos que han intentado estudiar qu&#233; factores pueden influir en la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46; Una de las series m&#225;s grandes y exhaustivas corresponde al estudio de Pawlik et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; que incluye 1&#46;395 pacientes y en la que encontraron una incidencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito de un 6&#44;6&#37;&#46; Estudiaron distintas variables relativas a los pacientes y a las caracter&#237;sticas del tumor primario&#44; encontrando significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica para la edad &#62; 50 a&#241;os&#44; la localizaci&#243;n en extremidades inferiores&#44; el espesor de Breslow&#44; la presencia de ulceraci&#243;n&#44; y para la positividad del ganglio centinela&#46; No estudiaron concretamente una posible influencia de la t&#233;cnica de la BSGC en la aparici&#243;n de dichas met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; ya que en su serie todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a la BSGC&#44; pero los autores argumentan que el hecho de que este tipo de met&#225;stasis se asocie especialmente con la positividad de la BSGC apoya la teor&#237;a de que dependen m&#225;s de la biolog&#237;a tumoral que de la t&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen varios factores que se han asociado en nuestro estudio con la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; como la presencia de ulceraci&#243;n&#44; un mayor espesor de Breslow&#44; un mayor nivel de Clark&#44; las formas anatomocl&#237;nicas melanoma lentiginoso acral &#40;MLA&#41; y melanoma nodular &#40;MN&#41;&#44; la edad avanzada&#44; y la positividad de la BSGC&#46; Es interesante observar que estos factores han sido casi exactamente los mismos que se han asociado a la presencia de recidiva de cualquier tipo en nuestra serie&#44; y adem&#225;s ya hab&#237;an sido descritos en la literatura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;7&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Los &#250;nicos factores asociados a recidiva en general y que no mantuvieron la significaci&#243;n para la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito fueron el sexo y la presencia de satelitosis&#46; Sorprende este &#250;ltimo punto&#44; dado que las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito comparten la v&#237;a de diseminaci&#243;n de las met&#225;stasis regionales ganglionares&#44; pero suponemos que se debe al escaso n&#250;mero de satelitosis detectado en nuestra serie&#46; Todo ello nos hace pensar que existen una serie de marcadores que se est&#225;n asociando en diferentes estudios a resultados adversos &#40;en t&#233;rminos de supervivencia&#44; de recidivas&#44; etc&#46;&#41; y que nos est&#225;n prediciendo qu&#233; melanomas van a tener una biolog&#237;a tumoral adversa debido a factores intr&#237;nsecos celulares y&#44; por tanto&#44; un comportamiento m&#225;s agresivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a la localizaci&#243;n&#44; en nuestro estudio &#233;sta no ha mostrado relaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa con la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; al contrario de lo descrito en otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7&#44;10&#44;11</span></a>&#44; en las que se ha visto que los melanomas localizados en las extremidades inferiores tienen un mayor riesgo&#46; La causa de ello permanece desconocida&#44; aunque se ha tratado de justificar por una mayor red linf&#225;tica en las piernas y tal vez por el efecto de la presi&#243;n hidrost&#225;tica&#44; que contribuir&#237;a al estasis linf&#225;tico y al atrapamiento de c&#233;lulas malignas&#46; Sin embargo&#44; tampoco sorprende nuestro hallazgo de la ausencia de relaci&#243;n entre ambos factores&#44; ya que en otras series tampoco se obtuvo significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7&#44;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La patogenia de las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito contin&#250;a sin estar aclarada&#46; Parece que las c&#233;lulas tumorales quedar&#237;an atrapadas en los vasos linf&#225;ticos en su camino hacia el &#225;rea ganglionar de drenaje correspondiente&#44; y desde all&#237; emigrar&#237;an a la superficie metastatizando en la piel&#44; en el tejido celular subcut&#225;neo&#44; y a veces en los ganglios linf&#225;ticos&#46; Para algunos autores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;12</span></a> la disrupci&#243;n en el flujo linf&#225;tico producida por la BSGC o por una linfadenectom&#237;a contribuir&#237;a a ese atrapamiento de c&#233;lulas tumorales y&#44; por tanto&#44; facilitar&#237;a la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46; Esta iatrogenia&#44; unida a que hasta la fecha no se ha podido demostrar claramente un aumento de supervivencia asociada a la realizaci&#243;n de la BSGC y la linfadenectom&#237;a inmediata subsecuente si &#233;sta es positiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a>&#44; han hecho que muchos detractores de la t&#233;cnica sean partidarios de su eliminaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; por el momento los intentos de demostrar claramente la relaci&#243;n entre la BSGC y las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito no han obtenido resultados concluyentes&#46; Muchos de estos trabajos que intentan establecer dicha causalidad presentan importantes sesgos metodol&#243;gicos&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; si la teor&#237;a del atrapamiento linf&#225;tico de las c&#233;lulas tumorales fuera correcta&#44; la incidencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito en los grupos sometidos a BSGC o a linfadenectom&#237;a deber&#237;a ser mucho mayor que en los pacientes a los que tan solo se les ha realizado escisi&#243;n amplia&#46; Por el contrario&#44; en nuestro estudio no existen diferencias significativas entre la realizaci&#243;n de la BSGC y la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">S&#237; parece claro que la incidencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito aumenta mucho en los casos en los que la BSGC es positiva&#44; reflejando quiz&#225; una mayor agresividad tumoral&#44; tal como apuntan algunos autores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;9&#44;16</span></a>&#44; y no una influencia de la t&#233;cnica en s&#237;&#46; De hecho&#44; casi todas las series reflejan incidencias muy bajas en el grupo con BSGC negativa&#44; aunque si existiese una relaci&#243;n directa entre la t&#233;cnica y las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito probablemente esas incidencias se acercar&#237;an m&#225;s a las del grupo con BSGC positiva&#46; Algunos autores justifican la mayor incidencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito en el grupo con BSGC positiva debido a que la gran mayor&#237;a de estos pacientes son posteriormente sometidos a una linfadenectom&#237;a completa que causar&#237;a mayor disrupci&#243;n del flujo linf&#225;tico y&#44; por tanto&#44; mayor probabilidad de atrapamiento y &#171;escape&#187; de las c&#233;lulas tumorales a la piel&#46; Sin embargo&#44; varias series con pacientes sometidos a linfadenectom&#237;a no han encontrado una incidencia aumentada de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; sino que comunican datos muy parecidos a los nuestros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; o muy ligeramente aumentados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabemos que la aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito se asocia casi siempre a un pron&#243;stico pobre y a la aparici&#243;n tambi&#233;n de met&#225;stasis ganglionares o a distancia&#44; y de hecho los factores que se asocian a met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito en la nuestra y en otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;7&#44;8</span></a>&#44; son los mismos en su mayor&#237;a que los que se asocian a otro tipo de recidivas y a una peor supervivencia global&#46; Por tanto&#44; es de suponer que estos casos corresponder&#237;an a melanomas que&#44; por caracter&#237;sticas biol&#243;gicas intr&#237;nsecas de la c&#233;lula tumoral&#44; presentan una mayor agresividad y capacidad de metastatizar a distancia&#44; y eso explicar&#237;a por qu&#233; en la mayor&#237;a de las ocasiones el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico en estos casos tan s&#243;lo retrasa la historia natural de la enfermedad pero no la modifica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito en pacientes con melanoma cut&#225;neo son un tipo especial de met&#225;stasis que se han asociado a diferentes factores pron&#243;sticos adversos&#46; Recientemente se ha sugerido que la t&#233;cnica de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela &#40;BSGC&#41; podr&#237;a aumentar la incidencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#44; por lo que en este trabajo nos proponemos analizar dicha relaci&#243;n y los factores de riesgo de aparici&#243;n de dichas met&#225;stasis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analiz&#243; de forma prospectiva una cohorte de 404 pacientes con melanoma cut&#225;neo de la Unidad de Melanoma del Hospital San Cecilio &#40;Granada&#41;&#46; Para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico se utiliz&#243; el programa estad&#237;stico SPSS 15&#46;0 y Epidat 3&#46;1&#44; usando el test Chi-cuadrado y el test exacto de Fisher&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De los 93 &#40;23&#37;&#41; pacientes que presentaron recidiva en alg&#250;n momento de la evoluci&#243;n&#44; 28 &#40;6&#44;9&#37;&#41; fueron met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46; La aparici&#243;n de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito se relacion&#243; de forma positiva con la edad superior a 50 a&#241;os&#44; mayor espesor de Breslow y nivel de Clark&#44; presencia de ulceraci&#243;n&#44; positividad de la BSGC&#44; y presencia de otro tipo de recidiva &#40;local&#44; ganglionar o a distancia&#41;&#46; No hubo relaci&#243;n entre el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico recibido o la realizaci&#243;n de la BSGC y la presencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los factores de riesgo para la aparici&#243;n de recidivas en general y de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito en particular son los mismos&#44; y coinciden con otros datos de mal pron&#243;stico&#46; Esto&#44; unido a que las met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito son mucho m&#225;s frecuentes en el grupo con BSGC positiva y que no se relacionan con la t&#233;cnica en s&#237;&#44; nos hace pensar que la aparici&#243;n de este tipo de met&#225;stasis se debe a caracter&#237;sticas adversas de la biolog&#237;a tumoral del melanocito&#44; m&#225;s que a una influencia de la t&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In-transit metastases have been associated with the presence of various negative prognostic factors in patients with cutaneous melanoma&#46; It has recently been suggested that sentinel lymph node biopsy &#40;SLNB&#41; may lead to an increase in the incidence of this particular type of metastasis&#46; In this study&#44; we analyzed risk factors for the appearance of in-transit metastasis and its potential association with the use of SLNB&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective study was undertaken in a cohort of 404 patients with cutaneous melanoma seen in the melanoma unit of Hospital San Cecilio in Granada&#44; Spain&#46; Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 15&#46;0 and Epidat 3&#46;1 using the &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and Fisher exact tests&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Out of 93 &#40;23&#37;&#41; patients with recurrence at any time&#44; 28 &#40;6&#46;9&#37;&#41; had in-transit metastases&#46; The occurrence of in-transit metastasis was associated with age greater than 50 years&#44; greater Breslow depth and Clark level&#44; the presence of ulceration&#44; positive SLNB&#44; and the presence of other types of recurrence &#40;local recurrence&#44; lymph node metastasis&#44; or distant metastasis&#41;&#46; There was no relationship between surgical treatment or performing SLNB and the presence of in-transit metastasis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The risk factors for in-transit metastasis are the same as those for any type of recurrence and coincide with factors linked to poor prognosis&#46; Given that in-transit metastases are much more common in patients with positive SLNB&#44; while the technique itself is not linked to their occurrence&#44; these findings suggest that the appearance of in-transit metastasis is linked to biological characteristics of the tumor cells rather than an influence of the surgical technique&#46;</p>"
      ]
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BSGC&#58; biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito</td><td class="td" title="\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frecuencia de met&#225;stasis en tr&#225;nsito seg&#250;n el estado de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#63;&#58; forma anatomocl&#237;nica desconocida&#59; LMM&#58; lentigo maligno melanoma&#59; MES&#58; melanoma de extensi&#243;n superficial&#59; MLA&#58; melanoma lentiginoso acral&#59; MN&#58; melanoma nodular&#59; N&#46;S&#46;&#58; no significativo&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;50 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media&#44; a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hombre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Localizaci&#243;n del melanoma primario</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cabeza&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cuello&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extremidad inferior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extremidad superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oculto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tronco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MES&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MLA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BRESLOW</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-2 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2-4 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;4 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;68 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;46 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab182593.png"
              ]
            ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con y sin recidiva</p>"
        ]
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      3 => array:7 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BSGC&#58; biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela&#59; LMM&#58; lentigo maligno melanoma&#59; MES&#58; melanoma de extensi&#243;n superficial&#59; MLA&#58; melanoma lentiginoso acral&#59; MN&#58; melanoma nodular&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59-13&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#46;S&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extremidad superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63-12&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tronco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;41-8&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Forma anatomocl&#237;nica</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LMM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;51-10&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#46;S&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MES&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MLA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;54-21&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;85-10&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BRESLOW</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-2 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;21-94&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0073&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2-4 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;22-147&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;4 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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