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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma &#40;SPTCL&#41; is a rare disease of TCR-&#945;&#946; cytotoxic T-cells involving the subcutaneous tissue&#46; In general&#44; although SPTCL is an indolent disease&#44; its association with the hemophagocytic syndrome &#40;HPS&#41; worsens prognosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> It is more common in women vs men and typically has an earlier age of onset than other T-cell lymphomas&#46; SPTCL has a family background and is frequently associated with immunological diseases&#44; especially lupus erythematosus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Differential diagnosis with LEP is sometimes challenging both clinically and histologically&#46; Morphologically&#44; the presence of follicles with germinal centers&#44; plasma cells and clusters of plasmacytoid dendritic cells supports the diagnosis of LEP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; overlapping features of lupus erythematosus panniculitis &#40;LEP&#41; and SPTCL have been described in the same patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> On the other hand&#44; gene-expression profiling of both diseases seemed to be different<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> being overlapping histological cases closer to LEP profile vs SPTCL&#46; These data suggest a different origin of both diseases&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; the pathogenic background of both LEP and SPTCL is still poorly understood&#46; Regarding SPTCL&#44; most series highlight the role of germline <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> gene mutations in its development&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> Other somatic changes in genes with epigenetic roles or involvement in the PI3K&#47;AKT&#47;mTOR or JAK&#47;STAT signaling pathways with no recurrent hotspot mutations have been described too&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> Comparative genomic hybridization &#40;CGH&#41; studies have also shown a distinctive profile of losses and gains&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and expression profiling studies have revealed differentially expressed genes and pathways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;11</span></a> As far as we know&#44; no known mutations associated with the development of LEP have ever been reported&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a comparative study on the mutational profile of 10 SPTCL cases and 10 LEP examples through targeted sequencing and pyrosequencing to determine whether these two entities shared a common pathogenic background&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Patients and samples</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We studied 10 SPTCL and 10 LEP biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed in various medical centers in Spain&#46; Formalin-fixed&#44; paraffin-embedded &#40;FFPE&#41; tissue sections from diagnostic biopsies were collected from 2006 through 2017&#46; The research project was approved by Hospital Universitario Fundaci&#243;n Jimenez D&#237;az-IIS &#40;CEIm-FJD&#41; Ethics Committee &#40;&#8220;Linfoma T paniculito y simuladores&#46; Marcadores moleculares de diagnostico y terapia dirigida&#8221; PI17&#47;02172&#46; CI&#58; 03&#47;18&#41; and conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki&#46; Further details are available in the <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">supplementary data and methods</a>&#46; Histological features of these 20 cases were reviewed by two expert pathologists and dermatopathologists &#40;SMRP and LR&#41;&#44; respectively&#44; and are already reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> No cases with overlapping features between SPTCL and LEP were included in this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Immunohistochemistry</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The immunohistochemical features of all these cases are already published&#46; Moreover&#44; apart from the conventional immunohistochemical markers needed to achieve diagnosis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> P53 and FOXP3 were studied in all SPTCL cases&#46; For the former&#44; intense immunolabeling of&#44; at least&#44; 10&#37; of the neoplastic cells for p53&#44; or complete absence of p53 staining in neoplastic cells&#44; was indicative of positivity&#46; Expression of FOXP3 was quantified in the nucleus of bystander lymphoid cells and categorized into two groups&#58; positive &#40;&#8805;50&#37; positive cells&#41; and negative &#40;&#60;50&#37; positive cells&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Targeted next-generation sequencing</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genomic DNA was extracted from FFPE tissue using a truXTRAC FFPE DNA Kit &#40;Covaris&#44; Woburn&#44; MA&#44; United States&#41; following the manufacturer&#39;s instructions for use&#46; A customized panel of 61 genes involved in lymphomagenesis-relevant pathways was designed using the SureDesign &#40;Agilent Technologies&#44; Santa Clara&#44; CA&#44; United States&#41; web-based tool &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">supplementary Table 1 and supplementary data and methods</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">PCR primer design and PCR amplification</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PCR-specific primers were designed using the Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool &#40;BLAST&#41; of the National Center for Biotechnology Information &#40;NCBI&#41; website and the Lasergene sequence analysis software &#40;DNAStar&#44; Lasergene&#174;&#41;&#46; Specific amplification primers were designed for amplifying <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> &#40;the gene encoding TIM3&#41; &#91;GenBank&#58; <a href="ncbi-n:NG_030444.1">NG&#95;030444&#46;1</a>&#44; <a href="ncbi-n:NM_032782.3">NM&#95;032782&#46;3</a>&#44; NP&#95;116171&#46;3&#93; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">supplementary Figure 1 and supplementary data and methods</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">nCounter gene-expression assay</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After histological practical revision and quality control&#44; gene-expression assays of 10 cases were successfully conducted&#46; Gene-expression profiling &#40;GEP&#41; was performed with nCounter Technology &#40;NanoString Technologies&#44; Seattle&#44; WA&#44; United States&#41;&#46; Total RNA from FFPE sections was isolated from diagnostic samples using a truXTRAC FFPE Total NA Kit &#40;Covaris Inc&#46;&#44; Woburn&#44; MA&#44; United States&#41; following the manufacturer&#39;s instructions for use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Results</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical findings of these SPTCL series are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Nive out of the 10 patients with SPTCL were female vs 1 man&#46; The mean and median ages at diagnosis were 41&#46;3 and 37&#46;5 years&#44; respectively&#46; Solitary &#40;3&#47;10&#41; or multiple &#40;7&#47;10&#41; plaques or nodules of SPTCL were located on the upper extremities &#40;4&#47;9&#41;&#44; lower extremities &#40;4&#47;9&#41;&#44; face &#40;2&#47;9&#41; and&#47;or trunk &#40;3&#47;9&#41; &#40;1 patient&#39;s location was not in the records&#41;&#46; Four patients were on immunomodulators&#44; two on chemotherapy&#44; one on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#44; and one patient died before receiving any therapies &#40;case &#35;2&#41;&#46; High levels of LDH and cytopenia were observed in five and two patients&#44; respectively&#46; None of our cases presented HPS&#46; Excluding the patient who died of an unrelated disease before treatment&#44; all patients were alive with the active disease &#40;four patients&#41; or disease-free &#40;three patients&#41; at the last follow-up&#44; which ranged from 1 to 10 years&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using next-generation sequencing &#40;NGS&#41; we found that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> was altered in the proline-rich domain &#40;PRD&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41; in 50&#37; &#40;5&#47;10&#41; of the cases&#44; making this the most frequent alteration in the patients studied &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Residue 72 was recurrently mutated &#40;P72R&#41; in these five cases&#46; No correlation was ever found between the presence&#47;absence of this variant and the level of protein expression&#46; Conversely&#44; differences were found in the expression profile between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-positive and variant-negative cases identified using the NanoString technique &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">supplementary Figures 2 and 3</a>&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-positive cases overexpressed CD28 and Treg signaling pathways and their metabolic pathway was downregulated vs the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-negative cases&#46; The level of FOXP3 expression was higher in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-positive subgroup &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">supplementary Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Three out of the 5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41;-positive cases showed high levels of LDH and systemic symptoms&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mutations that were probably pathogenic in epigenetic-related genes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TET2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EZH2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ARID1A</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ARID1B</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NCOR</span>&#41; were found in only 30&#37; of SPTCL patients &#40;cases &#35;6&#44; &#35;8&#44; and &#35;10&#41;&#46; These three patients had the same variant Y735C in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>&#46; The change was in the methyltransferase domain of the gene &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pyrosequencing revealed that only one case &#40;case 35&#41; &#8211; a 26-year-old woman with systemic symptoms without HPS&#41; &#8211; had the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> &#40;Y82C&#41; mutation in homozygosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None of the LEP cases showed any of these mutations&#44; including the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data presented here suggest the presence ethiopathogenic differences between SPTCL and LEP&#46; Further high-throughput technologies should be used for LEP background understanding&#46; Regarding SPTCL&#44; our data differs from former studies&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Germline mutation of the hepatitis A virus-cellular receptor 2 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span>&#44; which encodes T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TIM-3</span>&#93;&#41; seems to be the hallmark of SPTCL&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It has been previously reported in a high number of patients with sporadic SPTCL&#44; ranging from 25&#37; up to 85&#37; of the cases analyzed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;12&#44;13</span></a> The lowest percentage of positive cases was reported in the European series by Sonigo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Thirteen of the 53 cases could be analyzed&#44; only three of whom were of European origin &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; 23&#37; of the positive cases and 6&#37; of the whole series&#41;&#46; Only one patient &#40;10&#37;&#44; 1&#47;10&#41; from our series&#44; and 0 from the 10 LEP cases studied featured mutated SPTCL&#46; These data suggest a different background for the Asian and European patients with respect to the development of SPTCLs&#46; The impact of genetic background&#44; and that of microenvironmental factors&#44; on the worldwide distribution of other subgroups of SPTCL has been reported previously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three major mutations have been reported in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> gene as closely associated with the patients&#8217; ethnic background&#58; the Y82C and T101I variants&#44; which are associated with Asian and Polynesian ancestry&#44; and I97M&#44; which has been found most frequently in patients with a North African or Caucasian background&#46; We should also mention that the I97M variant has been reported only very rarely in Asian populations&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> while the Y82C variant has been found only occasionally in populations different than the Asian one&#44; in most instances in heterozygosity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;12</span></a> In fact&#44; only one case of the Y82C variant mutation of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> gene in homozygosis has been found in one South American patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Interestingly&#44; we found the Y82C variant in homozygosis in a 26-year-old Spanish woman with no known foreign family background or previous family history of either lymphoma or autoimmune disease&#46; Patients with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> mutations have a younger median age at disease onset&#44; male sex predominance&#44; a longer median time to diagnosis&#44; a more severe course of the disease&#44; a higher rate of autoantibodies and more chances of systemic illness and HPS development&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;13&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> Moreover&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span>-mutated tumors are rich in inflammatory&#44; IL6-JAK-STAT3&#44; TNF-&#945; and NFK-B signaling pathways&#46; Conversely&#44; non-mutated cases are highlighted by a lymphocyte homing and an autoimmune profile&#46; Our <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span>-mutated patient showed systemic symptoms but not HPS&#46; In fact&#44; none of the patients studied in this series exhibited HPS&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences from former studies may be associated with differences of ethnicity&#44; age of disease onset&#44; the family background of lymphoma disease and the percentage of cases with HPS in the present series&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We reported&#44; for the first time ever&#44; the presence of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; gene mutation in SPTCLs&#46; It has been reported that this mutation has is a common single-nucleotide polymorphism &#40;SNP&#41; with a significant ethnic bias&#44; whereby it is present in homozygosis in up to 40&#37; of Caucasian Americans vs only &#8764;8&#37; of African Americans&#46; However&#44; it was not present in any of the 10 LEPs analyzed&#46; Although this SNP is not supposed to influence cancer risk&#44; it has been associated with increased weight&#44; type 2 diabetes risk&#44; and inflammation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> This inflammatory property has been involved in the increase of several subtypes of tumor aggressiveness&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phenotypic differences were found between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-positive and -negative SPTCL cases&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-positive cases featured upregulation and downregulation of the Treg&#47;CD28 and metabolic pathways&#44; respectively&#46; A close relationship among CD28&#44; TNF&#44; and Treg development has been reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> An increase in TNF and a lower metabolic activity have been reported in R72 transgenic mice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Moreover&#44; p53 has proven to be an important modulator of CD4&#43; T-cell differentiation including Th17 cells and Tregs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> No differences in p53 protein expression were found between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant-positive and -negative cases&#46; Furthermore&#44; Tregs have been proposed as the &#8220;key players&#8221; in the crosstalk between metabolisms and immunity&#46; An inverse correlation between leptin levels &#40;an adipocytokine produced by adipose tissue in response to the amount of fat&#41; and the abundance of Treg cell in autoimmune diseases has been reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> High levels of leptin have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus &#40;SLE&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and a meta-analysis has reported that the p53 activity does not seem to correlate with the pathogenesis of that disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interestingly&#44; the mutations detected here could be useful targets regarding treatment&#46; Several strategies targeting oncogenic mutant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> in cancers exist&#46; Polymorphism in codon 72 &#40;Arg&#47;Pro&#41; of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&#44; the transcription factor encoded by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&#44; affects cellular sensitivity to anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin through inhibition of p73&#44; a protein related to p53&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Furthermore&#44; drugs targeting epigenetic changes have shown promising results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> Romidepsin &#40;a HDAC inhibitor&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> has recently demonstrated to be an effective therapy for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma&#44; giving a complete response as monotherapy in treatment-resistant cases of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study expands the mutational landscape of SPTCL&#44; suggesting that there is an important ethnic background underlying the development of this disease&#44; and highlighting the relevance of different molecular backgrounds in the development of SPTCL and LEP&#46; However&#44; our series is limited and further studies in a larger case series is needed to validate our findings&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1888096"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Linfoma de c&#233;lulas T tipo paniculitis subcut&#225;nea"
            1 => "Lupus-paniculitis"
            2 => "Secuenciaci&#243;n de pr&#243;xima generaci&#243;n"
            3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Background</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma &#40;SPTCL&#41; is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma with indolent behavior&#44; mostly present in women and associated with immunological diseases whose pathogenic background is still poorly understood&#46; SPTCL is associated with lupus erythematosus panniculitis &#40;LEP&#41; and histologically misdiagnosed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Objectives</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of our study was to identify mutations affecting the pathogenesis of both SPTCL and LEP&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied a total of 10 SPTCL and 10 LEP patients using targeted next-generation sequencing and pyrosequencing&#46; Differences in gene expression between molecular subgroups were investigated using NanoString technology&#46; Clinical data were collected&#44; and correlations sought with the molecular data obtained&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Results</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mutational profile of SPTCL and LEP is different&#46; We identified fewer pathogenic mutations than previously reported in SPTCL&#44; noting a single HAVCR2-mutated SPTCL case&#46; Interestingly&#44; 40&#37; of our SPTCL cases showed the pathogenic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;p&#46;Pro72Arg&#41; &#40;P72R&#41; variant&#46; Although cases showing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> mutations or the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; variant had more severe symptomatic disease&#44; none developed hemophagocytic syndrome &#40;HPS&#41;&#46; Furthermore&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41;-positive cases were characterized by a lower metabolic signaling pathway and higher levels of CD28 expression and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treg</span> signaling genes&#46; In addition&#44; 30&#37; of our cases featured the same mutation &#40;T735C&#41; of the epigenetic modificatory gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>&#46; None of the LEP cases showed mutations in any of the studied genes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mutational landscape of SPTCL is broader than previously anticipated&#46; We describe&#44; for the first time&#44; the involvement of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; pathogenic variant in this subgroup of tumors&#44; consider the possible role of different genetic backgrounds in the development of SPTCL&#44; and conclude that LEP does not follow the same pathogenic pathway as SPTCL&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Objectives"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
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      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El linfoma T panicul&#237;tico &#40;LTP&#41; es un linfoma de c&#233;lulas T citot&#243;xico poco frecuente&#44; de comportamiento indolente&#44; m&#225;s frecuente en mujeres&#44; relacionado con enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; y cuyos antecedentes patog&#233;nicos a&#250;n no se conocen bien&#46; Se asocia y se confunde histol&#243;gicamente con la paniculitis l&#250;pica &#40;PL&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue identificar mutaciones implicadas en la patog&#233;nesis del LTP y de la PL&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 10 pacientes con LTP y 10 con PL mediante secuenciaci&#243;n masiva &#40;con un panel de genes customizados&#41; y pirosecuenciaci&#243;n dirigida&#46; Se investigaron diferencias en la expresi&#243;n gen&#233;tica mediante NanoString entre diferentes subgrupos moleculares encontrados&#46; Se recopilaron datos cl&#237;nicos y se correlacionaron con los datos moleculares obtenidos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Resultados</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El perfil mutacional del LTP y el de la LP son diferentes&#46; El porcentaje de mutaciones encontradas en el subgrupo de LTP fue inferior al ya publicado en la literatura&#46; Solo un paciente con LTP mostraba mutaciones en el gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span>&#46; Curiosamente&#44; el 40&#37; de los LTP mostraron la variante patog&#233;nica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;p&#46;Pro72Arg&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;P72R&#41;</span>&#46; Los pacientes con mutaciones en el gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> o con la variante <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;P72R&#41;</span> sufr&#237;an enfermedad sintom&#225;tica&#44; aunque ninguno desarroll&#243; s&#237;ndrome hemofagoc&#237;tico &#40;SPH&#41;&#46; El estudio de NanoString identific&#243; que las muestras con alteraci&#243;n de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;P72R&#41;</span> se caracterizaban por una <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">down-regulation</span> de la v&#237;a de se&#241;alizaci&#243;n del metabolismo y de una mayor expresi&#243;n de los genes de las v&#237;as de se&#241;alizaci&#243;n de CD28 y Treg si se comparaban con los casos negativos para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53 &#40;P72R&#41;</span>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; el 30&#37; de nuestros casos presentaban la misma mutaci&#243;n &#40;T735C&#41; en el gen modificador epigen&#233;tico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>&#46; Ninguno de los pacientes con PL mostr&#243; mutaciones en ninguno de los genes estudiados&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ampliamos el perfil mutacional del LTP&#44; describiendo por primera vez la implicaci&#243;n de la variante patog&#233;nica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span> &#40;P72R&#41; en este subgrupo de tumores&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; sugerimos el posible papel de un fondo gen&#233;tico en el desarrollo de los LTP&#46; La aparici&#243;n de PL no parece seguir la misma v&#237;a patog&#233;nica que la de los LTP&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Objetivos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Materiales y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0060"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 494
            "Ancho" => 750
            "Tamanyo" => 33653
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequency of mutations in our cases of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1060
            "Ancho" => 1400
            "Tamanyo" => 70222
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mutations found by NGS in SPTCL&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 664
            "Ancho" => 1530
            "Tamanyo" => 135585
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Representative pyrograms of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAVCR2</span> that detect Y82C mutation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AWD&#44; alive with disease&#59; AWOD&#44; alive without disease&#59; CT&#44; chemotherapy&#59; CR&#44; complete response&#59; DOD&#44; dead of other disease&#59; ND&#44; not determined&#59; NSAIDs&#44; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#59; PR&#44; partial response&#59; RT&#44; radiotherapy&#59; SD&#44; stable disease&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex&#47;age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Physical examination&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of lesions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Systemic clinical features&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HPS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Response&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Status&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow-up &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nodules and cushingoid appearance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Arms and thighs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High LDH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisone and cyclosporine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PR&#44; relapse&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erythematous nodule&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Solitary&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Face&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High LDH&#46; Rheumatoid arthritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No &#40;death before treatment&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DOD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nodules&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Arms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High LDH&#44; lungs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CHOP&#44; gemcitabine&#44; cyclosporine&#44; bendamustine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWOD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nodule&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Solitary&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lower extremity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT 6 cycles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CR&#44; no relapse&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWOD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Painful erythematous nodules &#40;1&#8211;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#44; and variable border outlines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Extremities&#44; lumbar and abdomen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Splenomegal&#44; high LDH&#44; cytopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cyclosporine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PR&#44; no relapse&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erythemato-violaceous plaque with areas of hyperkeratosis&#44; and 5&#8211;6 erythematous hard nodules &#40;6&#8211;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abdomen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Splenomegal&#44; high LDH&#44; cytopenia&#46; Multiple sclerosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisone and cyclosporine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PR&#44; no relapse&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWOD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nodules&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Upper extremities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Systemic steroids&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nodules&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiples&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thorax and cheek&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AWD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Painful nodule&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Solitary&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nodules&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lower extremities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NSAIDs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">VUS&#44; variant of unknown significance&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Locus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Amino acid change&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DNA change&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coverage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mutant allele frequency &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mutation type&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Effect&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No mutations</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TET2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr4&#58;106164794&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Cys1221Tyr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;3662G&#62;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">211&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VUS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;7579472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Pro72Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;215C&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">112&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;7579472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Pro72Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;215C&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NCOR1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;16068463&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Gly41Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;121G&#62;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">182&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No mutations</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ARID1A</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr1&#58;27056218&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Gln405Pro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;1214A&#62;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EZH2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr7&#58;148544377&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Gly5Val&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;14G&#62;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VUS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;7579472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Pro72Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;215C&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NCOR1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;16068463&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Gly41Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;121G&#62;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">116&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;7579439&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Ala83Val&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;248C&#62;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">267&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Benign&#47;Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;7579472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Pro72Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;215C&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">267&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PLCG1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr20&#58;39797465&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Ile813Thr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;2438T&#62;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">355&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VUS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr2&#58;25463289&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Tyr735Cys&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;2204A&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">602&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely pathogenic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TP53</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr17&#58;7579472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Pro72Arg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;215C&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely benign&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DNMT3A</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">chr2&#58;25463289&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Tyr735Cys&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">c&#46;2204A&#62;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">552&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Likely pathogenic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">chr4&#58;106164794&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">p&#46;Cys1221Tyr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Missense&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">VUS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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Original Article
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Disponible online el 4 de octubre de 2024
Different Mutational Profiles of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-cell Lymphoma and Lupus Panniculitis: An Additional Case Series
Diferencias en el perfil mutacional del linfoma T paniculítico y la paniculitis lúpica. Nueva serie de casos
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S. Machana, M. Rodríguezb,c, R. Mansob,c,
Autor para correspondencia
rebeca.manso@quironsalud.es

Corresponding author at: Corresponding author.
, J. Borregónb,c, C. Chamizob,c, R. Alonso-Alonsob,c, J.L. Rodríguez-Peraltod, M.Á. Torres Nietoe, C. Monteagudof, E. García Torog, L. Cerronih, C. Garcíai, T. Estrachj, A. García Herreraj, B. Ferrerk, V. García-Patosk, N. Seguesl, F.J. Díaz de la Pintab,c, J.L. Afonso-Martinm, Y. Peñatem..., M.Á. Limeres-Gonzalezn, M.Á. González-Núñezo, C. González-Cruzk, E. García Fernándezp, L. Cerecedab,c, P. Minguezq,r,s, L. de la Fuenteq,r, L. Requenaa, S.M. Rodríguez-Pinillab,cVer más
a Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-IIS, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-IIS, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
c CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain
d Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
e Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
f Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
g Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
h Dermatopathology Research Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
i Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
j Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
k Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
l Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
m Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
n Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
o Hospital Ciudad de Coria y Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain
p Department of Hematology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-IIS, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
q Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria – Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
r Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria – Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
s Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Recibido 04 Diciembre 2023. Aceptado 29 Junio 2024
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Table 1. Clinical features of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma cases.
Table 2. Mutations detected by next-generation sequencing in our cases of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
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Abstract
Background

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma with indolent behavior, mostly present in women and associated with immunological diseases whose pathogenic background is still poorly understood. SPTCL is associated with lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) and histologically misdiagnosed.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to identify mutations affecting the pathogenesis of both SPTCL and LEP.

Materials and methods

We studied a total of 10 SPTCL and 10 LEP patients using targeted next-generation sequencing and pyrosequencing. Differences in gene expression between molecular subgroups were investigated using NanoString technology. Clinical data were collected, and correlations sought with the molecular data obtained.

Results

The mutational profile of SPTCL and LEP is different. We identified fewer pathogenic mutations than previously reported in SPTCL, noting a single HAVCR2-mutated SPTCL case. Interestingly, 40% of our SPTCL cases showed the pathogenic TP53 (p.Pro72Arg) (P72R) variant. Although cases showing HAVCR2 mutations or the TP53 (P72R) variant had more severe symptomatic disease, none developed hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Furthermore, TP53 (P72R)-positive cases were characterized by a lower metabolic signaling pathway and higher levels of CD28 expression and Treg signaling genes. In addition, 30% of our cases featured the same mutation (T735C) of the epigenetic modificatory gene DNMT3A. None of the LEP cases showed mutations in any of the studied genes.

Conclusions

The mutational landscape of SPTCL is broader than previously anticipated. We describe, for the first time, the involvement of the TP53 (P72R) pathogenic variant in this subgroup of tumors, consider the possible role of different genetic backgrounds in the development of SPTCL, and conclude that LEP does not follow the same pathogenic pathway as SPTCL.

Keywords:
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
Lupus panniculitis
Next-generation sequencing
TP53
DNMT3A
HAVCR2
Resumen
Introducción

El linfoma T paniculítico (LTP) es un linfoma de células T citotóxico poco frecuente, de comportamiento indolente, más frecuente en mujeres, relacionado con enfermedades autoinmunes, y cuyos antecedentes patogénicos aún no se conocen bien. Se asocia y se confunde histológicamente con la paniculitis lúpica (PL).

Objetivos

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue identificar mutaciones implicadas en la patogénesis del LTP y de la PL.

Materiales y métodos

Se estudiaron 10 pacientes con LTP y 10 con PL mediante secuenciación masiva (con un panel de genes customizados) y pirosecuenciación dirigida. Se investigaron diferencias en la expresión genética mediante NanoString entre diferentes subgrupos moleculares encontrados. Se recopilaron datos clínicos y se correlacionaron con los datos moleculares obtenidos.

Resultados

El perfil mutacional del LTP y el de la LP son diferentes. El porcentaje de mutaciones encontradas en el subgrupo de LTP fue inferior al ya publicado en la literatura. Solo un paciente con LTP mostraba mutaciones en el gen HAVCR2. Curiosamente, el 40% de los LTP mostraron la variante patogénica TP53 (p.Pro72Arg) (P72R). Los pacientes con mutaciones en el gen HAVCR2 o con la variante TP53(P72R) sufrían enfermedad sintomática, aunque ninguno desarrolló síndrome hemofagocítico (SPH). El estudio de NanoString identificó que las muestras con alteración de TP53(P72R) se caracterizaban por una down-regulation de la vía de señalización del metabolismo y de una mayor expresión de los genes de las vías de señalización de CD28 y Treg si se comparaban con los casos negativos para TP53 (P72R). Además, el 30% de nuestros casos presentaban la misma mutación (T735C) en el gen modificador epigenético DNMT3A. Ninguno de los pacientes con PL mostró mutaciones en ninguno de los genes estudiados.

Conclusiones

Ampliamos el perfil mutacional del LTP, describiendo por primera vez la implicación de la variante patogénica TP53 (P72R) en este subgrupo de tumores. Además, sugerimos el posible papel de un fondo genético en el desarrollo de los LTP. La aparición de PL no parece seguir la misma vía patogénica que la de los LTP.

Palabras clave:
Linfoma de células T tipo paniculitis subcutánea
Lupus-paniculitis
Secuenciación de próxima generación
TP53
DNMT3A
HAVCR2
Texto completo
Introduction

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare disease of TCR-αβ cytotoxic T-cells involving the subcutaneous tissue. In general, although SPTCL is an indolent disease, its association with the hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) worsens prognosis.1,2 It is more common in women vs men and typically has an earlier age of onset than other T-cell lymphomas. SPTCL has a family background and is frequently associated with immunological diseases, especially lupus erythematosus.1,2 Differential diagnosis with LEP is sometimes challenging both clinically and histologically. Morphologically, the presence of follicles with germinal centers, plasma cells and clusters of plasmacytoid dendritic cells supports the diagnosis of LEP.2 Nevertheless, overlapping features of lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) and SPTCL have been described in the same patient.3,4 On the other hand, gene-expression profiling of both diseases seemed to be different5 being overlapping histological cases closer to LEP profile vs SPTCL. These data suggest a different origin of both diseases.

Nevertheless, the pathogenic background of both LEP and SPTCL is still poorly understood. Regarding SPTCL, most series highlight the role of germline HAVCR2 gene mutations in its development.6,7 Other somatic changes in genes with epigenetic roles or involvement in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR or JAK/STAT signaling pathways with no recurrent hotspot mutations have been described too.8,9 Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies have also shown a distinctive profile of losses and gains,10 and expression profiling studies have revealed differentially expressed genes and pathways.5,11 As far as we know, no known mutations associated with the development of LEP have ever been reported.

We conducted a comparative study on the mutational profile of 10 SPTCL cases and 10 LEP examples through targeted sequencing and pyrosequencing to determine whether these two entities shared a common pathogenic background.

Material and methodsPatients and samples

We studied 10 SPTCL and 10 LEP biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed in various medical centers in Spain. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections from diagnostic biopsies were collected from 2006 through 2017. The research project was approved by Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Díaz-IIS (CEIm-FJD) Ethics Committee (“Linfoma T paniculito y simuladores. Marcadores moleculares de diagnostico y terapia dirigida” PI17/02172. CI: 03/18) and conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Further details are available in the supplementary data and methods. Histological features of these 20 cases were reviewed by two expert pathologists and dermatopathologists (SMRP and LR), respectively, and are already reported.5 No cases with overlapping features between SPTCL and LEP were included in this study.

Immunohistochemistry

The immunohistochemical features of all these cases are already published. Moreover, apart from the conventional immunohistochemical markers needed to achieve diagnosis,5 P53 and FOXP3 were studied in all SPTCL cases. For the former, intense immunolabeling of, at least, 10% of the neoplastic cells for p53, or complete absence of p53 staining in neoplastic cells, was indicative of positivity. Expression of FOXP3 was quantified in the nucleus of bystander lymphoid cells and categorized into two groups: positive (≥50% positive cells) and negative (<50% positive cells).

Targeted next-generation sequencing

Genomic DNA was extracted from FFPE tissue using a truXTRAC FFPE DNA Kit (Covaris, Woburn, MA, United States) following the manufacturer's instructions for use. A customized panel of 61 genes involved in lymphomagenesis-relevant pathways was designed using the SureDesign (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States) web-based tool (supplementary Table 1 and supplementary data and methods).

PCR primer design and PCR amplification

PCR-specific primers were designed using the Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website and the Lasergene sequence analysis software (DNAStar, Lasergene®). Specific amplification primers were designed for amplifying HAVCR2 (the gene encoding TIM3) [GenBank: NG_030444.1, NM_032782.3, NP_116171.3] (supplementary Figure 1 and supplementary data and methods).

nCounter gene-expression assay

After histological practical revision and quality control, gene-expression assays of 10 cases were successfully conducted. Gene-expression profiling (GEP) was performed with nCounter Technology (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, United States). Total RNA from FFPE sections was isolated from diagnostic samples using a truXTRAC FFPE Total NA Kit (Covaris Inc., Woburn, MA, United States) following the manufacturer's instructions for use.5

Results

The clinical findings of these SPTCL series are summarized in Table 1. Nive out of the 10 patients with SPTCL were female vs 1 man. The mean and median ages at diagnosis were 41.3 and 37.5 years, respectively. Solitary (3/10) or multiple (7/10) plaques or nodules of SPTCL were located on the upper extremities (4/9), lower extremities (4/9), face (2/9) and/or trunk (3/9) (1 patient's location was not in the records). Four patients were on immunomodulators, two on chemotherapy, one on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and one patient died before receiving any therapies (case #2). High levels of LDH and cytopenia were observed in five and two patients, respectively. None of our cases presented HPS. Excluding the patient who died of an unrelated disease before treatment, all patients were alive with the active disease (four patients) or disease-free (three patients) at the last follow-up, which ranged from 1 to 10 years.

Table 1.

Clinical features of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma cases.

Case  Sex/age  Physical examination  No. of lesions  Location  Systemic clinical features  HPS  Treatment  Response  Status  Follow-up (months) 
1.  F/23  Nodules and cushingoid appearance  Multiple  Arms and thighs  High LDH  No  Prednisone and cyclosporine  PR, relapse  AWD  32 
2.  F/69  Erythematous nodule  Solitary  Face  High LDH. Rheumatoid arthritis  No  No (death before treatment)  SD  DOD  <12 
3.  F/36  Nodules  Multiple  Arms  High LDH, lungs  No  CHOP, gemcitabine, cyclosporine, bendamustine  CR  AWOD  120 
4.  F/39  Nodule  Solitary  Lower extremity  No  No  CT+RT 6 cycles  CR, no relapse  AWOD  107 
5.  F/26  Painful erythematous nodules (1–3cm), and variable border outlines  Multiple  Extremities, lumbar and abdomen  Splenomegal, high LDH, cytopenia  No  Cyclosporine  PR, no relapse  AWD  23 
6.  F/50  Erythemato-violaceous plaque with areas of hyperkeratosis, and 5–6 erythematous hard nodules (6–7cm)  Multiple  Abdomen  Splenomegal, high LDH, cytopenia. Multiple sclerosis  No  Prednisone and cyclosporine  PR, no relapse  AWOD  32 
7.  F/53  Nodules  Multiple  Upper extremities  No  No  Systemic steroids  CR  AWD  110 
8.  F/25  Nodules  Multiples  Thorax and cheek  ND  ND  ND  PR  AWD  18 
9.  M/68  Painful nodule  Solitary  ND  No  No  ND  ND  ND  ND 
10.  F/24  Nodules  Multiple  Lower extremities  ND  ND  NSAIDs  ND  ND  ND 

AWD, alive with disease; AWOD, alive without disease; CT, chemotherapy; CR, complete response; DOD, dead of other disease; ND, not determined; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PR, partial response; RT, radiotherapy; SD, stable disease.

Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) we found that TP53 was altered in the proline-rich domain (PRD) (Figs. 1 and 2) in 50% (5/10) of the cases, making this the most frequent alteration in the patients studied (Table 2). Residue 72 was recurrently mutated (P72R) in these five cases. No correlation was ever found between the presence/absence of this variant and the level of protein expression. Conversely, differences were found in the expression profile between TP53 (P72R) variant-positive and variant-negative cases identified using the NanoString technique (supplementary Figures 2 and 3). The TP53 (P72R) variant-positive cases overexpressed CD28 and Treg signaling pathways and their metabolic pathway was downregulated vs the TP53 (P72R) variant-negative cases. The level of FOXP3 expression was higher in the TP53 (P72R) variant-positive subgroup (supplementary Table 2). Three out of the 5 TP53 (P72R)-positive cases showed high levels of LDH and systemic symptoms.

Figure 1.

Frequency of mutations in our cases of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.

(0.03MB).
Figure 2.

Mutations found by NGS in SPTCL.

(0.07MB).
Table 2.

Mutations detected by next-generation sequencing in our cases of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.

Patient  Gene  Locus  Amino acid change  DNA change  Coverage  Mutant allele frequency (%)  Mutation type  Effect 
No mutations
2TET2  chr4:106164794  p.Cys1221Tyr  c.3662G>A  211  12.0  Missense  VUS 
TP53  chr17:7579472  p.Pro72Arg  c.215C>G  112  61.9  Missense  Likely benign 
3TP53  chr17:7579472  p.Pro72Arg  c.215C>G  81  55.6  Missense  Likely benign 
NCOR1  chr17:16068463  p.Gly41Arg  c.121G>A  182  30.0  Missense  Benign 
No mutations
5ARID1A  chr1:27056218  p.Gln405Pro  c.1214A>C  57  43.6  Missense  Likely benign 
EZH2  chr7:148544377  p.Gly5Val  c.14G>T  69  12.8  Missense  VUS 
TP53  chr17:7579472  p.Pro72Arg  c.215C>G  34  <1.0  Missense  Likely benign 
NCOR1  chr17:16068463  p.Gly41Arg  c.121G>A  116  <1.0  Missense  benign 
6TP53  chr17:7579439  p.Ala83Val  c.248C>T  267  60.8  Missense  Benign/Likely benign 
TP53  chr17:7579472  p.Pro72Arg  c.215C>G  267  59.9  Missense  Likely benign 
PLCG1  chr20:39797465  p.Ile813Thr  c.2438T>C  355  99.7  Missense  VUS 
DNMT3A  chr2:25463289  p.Tyr735Cys  c.2204A>G  602  <1  Missense  Likely pathogenic 
TP53  chr17:7579472  p.Pro72Arg  c.215C>G  78  58.2  Missense  Likely benign 
8DNMT3A  chr2:25463289  p.Tyr735Cys  c.2204A>G  552  2.3  Missense  Likely pathogenic 
EZH2  chr7:148544377  p.Gly5Val  c.14G>T  83  14.1  Missense  VUS 
9TET2  chr4:106164794  p.Cys1221Tyr  c.3662G>A  155  26.0  Missense  VUS 
ARID1B  chr6:157256650  p.Pro659=  c.1938C>T  105  47.2  Nonsense  Benign/Likely benign 
10ARID1A  chr1:27056218  p.Gln405Pro  c.1214A>C  62  39.3  Missense  Likely benign 
DNMT3A  chr2:25463289  p.Tyr735Cys  c.2204A>G  421  5.4  Missense  Likely pathogenic 

VUS, variant of unknown significance.

Mutations that were probably pathogenic in epigenetic-related genes (TET2, DNMT3A, EZH2, ARID1A, ARID1B, NCOR) were found in only 30% of SPTCL patients (cases #6, #8, and #10). These three patients had the same variant Y735C in DNMT3A. The change was in the methyltransferase domain of the gene (Fig. 2).

Pyrosequencing revealed that only one case (case 35) – a 26-year-old woman with systemic symptoms without HPS) – had the HAVCR2 (Y82C) mutation in homozygosis (Fig. 3).

Figure 3.

Representative pyrograms of HAVCR2 that detect Y82C mutation.

(0.13MB).

None of the LEP cases showed any of these mutations, including the TP53 (P72R) variant.

Discussion

Data presented here suggest the presence ethiopathogenic differences between SPTCL and LEP. Further high-throughput technologies should be used for LEP background understanding. Regarding SPTCL, our data differs from former studies.

Germline mutation of the hepatitis A virus-cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2, which encodes T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 [TIM-3]) seems to be the hallmark of SPTCL.7 It has been previously reported in a high number of patients with sporadic SPTCL, ranging from 25% up to 85% of the cases analyzed.6,7,12,13 The lowest percentage of positive cases was reported in the European series by Sonigo et al.12 Thirteen of the 53 cases could be analyzed, only three of whom were of European origin (i.e., 23% of the positive cases and 6% of the whole series). Only one patient (10%, 1/10) from our series, and 0 from the 10 LEP cases studied featured mutated SPTCL. These data suggest a different background for the Asian and European patients with respect to the development of SPTCLs. The impact of genetic background, and that of microenvironmental factors, on the worldwide distribution of other subgroups of SPTCL has been reported previously.14–16

Three major mutations have been reported in the HAVCR2 gene as closely associated with the patients’ ethnic background: the Y82C and T101I variants, which are associated with Asian and Polynesian ancestry, and I97M, which has been found most frequently in patients with a North African or Caucasian background. We should also mention that the I97M variant has been reported only very rarely in Asian populations,7 while the Y82C variant has been found only occasionally in populations different than the Asian one, in most instances in heterozygosity.6,12 In fact, only one case of the Y82C variant mutation of the HAVCR2 gene in homozygosis has been found in one South American patient.6 Interestingly, we found the Y82C variant in homozygosis in a 26-year-old Spanish woman with no known foreign family background or previous family history of either lymphoma or autoimmune disease. Patients with HAVCR2 mutations have a younger median age at disease onset, male sex predominance, a longer median time to diagnosis, a more severe course of the disease, a higher rate of autoantibodies and more chances of systemic illness and HPS development.6,13,17,18 Moreover, HAVCR2-mutated tumors are rich in inflammatory, IL6-JAK-STAT3, TNF-α and NFK-B signaling pathways. Conversely, non-mutated cases are highlighted by a lymphocyte homing and an autoimmune profile. Our HAVCR2-mutated patient showed systemic symptoms but not HPS. In fact, none of the patients studied in this series exhibited HPS.

Differences from former studies may be associated with differences of ethnicity, age of disease onset, the family background of lymphoma disease and the percentage of cases with HPS in the present series.

We reported, for the first time ever, the presence of the TP53 (P72R) gene mutation in SPTCLs. It has been reported that this mutation has is a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with a significant ethnic bias, whereby it is present in homozygosis in up to 40% of Caucasian Americans vs only ∼8% of African Americans. However, it was not present in any of the 10 LEPs analyzed. Although this SNP is not supposed to influence cancer risk, it has been associated with increased weight, type 2 diabetes risk, and inflammation.19 This inflammatory property has been involved in the increase of several subtypes of tumor aggressiveness.20

Phenotypic differences were found between the TP53 (P72R) variant-positive and -negative SPTCL cases. The TP53 (P72R) variant-positive cases featured upregulation and downregulation of the Treg/CD28 and metabolic pathways, respectively. A close relationship among CD28, TNF, and Treg development has been reported.21 An increase in TNF and a lower metabolic activity have been reported in R72 transgenic mice.19 Moreover, p53 has proven to be an important modulator of CD4+ T-cell differentiation including Th17 cells and Tregs.22 No differences in p53 protein expression were found between the TP53 (P72R) variant-positive and -negative cases. Furthermore, Tregs have been proposed as the “key players” in the crosstalk between metabolisms and immunity. An inverse correlation between leptin levels (an adipocytokine produced by adipose tissue in response to the amount of fat) and the abundance of Treg cell in autoimmune diseases has been reported.23 High levels of leptin have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),24 and a meta-analysis has reported that the p53 activity does not seem to correlate with the pathogenesis of that disease.24

Interestingly, the mutations detected here could be useful targets regarding treatment. Several strategies targeting oncogenic mutant TP53 in cancers exist. Polymorphism in codon 72 (Arg/Pro) of TP53, the transcription factor encoded by TP53, affects cellular sensitivity to anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin through inhibition of p73, a protein related to p53.25 Furthermore, drugs targeting epigenetic changes have shown promising results.26–28 Romidepsin (a HDAC inhibitor)8 has recently demonstrated to be an effective therapy for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, giving a complete response as monotherapy in treatment-resistant cases of the disease.29

Our study expands the mutational landscape of SPTCL, suggesting that there is an important ethnic background underlying the development of this disease, and highlighting the relevance of different molecular backgrounds in the development of SPTCL and LEP. However, our series is limited and further studies in a larger case series is needed to validate our findings.

Conflicts of interest

None declared.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, PI17/2172; ISCIII-MINECO-AES-FEDER. R.A.-A. is the recipient of PFIS predoctoral fellowship. L.T.-R. is funded by Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (No. 882597). M.R.-M. is supported by CIBERONC (CB16/12/00291). P.M. has a Miguel Servet contract funded by the ISCIII (CP16/00116). L.d.l.F. was supported by the ISCIII contract CA18/00017.

Appendix A
Supplementary data

The following are the supplementary data to this article:

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