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Vol. 102. Núm. 5.
Páginas 354-364 (junio - julio 2011)
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Vol. 102. Núm. 5.
Páginas 354-364 (junio - julio 2011)
Original Article
Acceso a texto completo
Clinical Characteristics and Disease Course in Patients Treated With Efalizumab Following Suspension of Marketing Authorization by the European Medicines Agency: A Multicenter Observational Study
Perfil clínico y curso evolutivo de los pacientes tratados con efalizumab tras la suspensión de su autorización por la EMEA. Estudio observacional y multicéntrico
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L. Morella,
Autor para correspondencia
laiamorell@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J.M. Carrascosaa, C. Ferrándiza, M. García-Bustinduyb, E. Fonsecac, G. Carreterod, E. Daudéne, S.E. Marrónf, J.L. López-Estebaranzg, M. Ferránh, M. Sánchez-Regañai, C. Muñoz-Santosj, I. Belinchónk, Luis Puigl, on behalf of the Spanish Psoriasis Group
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Islas Canarias, Spain
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias Dr. Negrín, Islas Canarias, Spain
e Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
f Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Calatayud, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
g Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
h Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
i Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital del Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
j Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
k Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
l Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

The withdrawal of marketing authorization for efalizumab by the European Medicines Agency in February, 2009 provided a unique opportunity to assess the course of disease in patients who were not subject to the selection criteria and biases that were common in the pivotal trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of psoriasis following forced suspension of efalizumab in a group of patients treated in normal clinical practice. As secondary objectives, we sought to assess the relationships between clinical characteristics, treatment response, and disease course during efalizumab treatment and 12 and 24 weeks after suspension.

Patients and methods

Information on the epidemiological profile and disease course during treatment and following suspension of the drug was collected from a group of patients treated with efalizumab. Statistical analyses were performed to identify predictive factors.

Results

One hundred forty-seven patients from 12 Spanish hospitals were included in the study. During treatment, 4% of patients were diagnosed with generalized inflammatory flares. Most patients could be classified as having a good (55%) or moderate (18%) response to treatment. Rebound following withdrawal of efalizumab was observed in 30% of patients. The likelihood of rebound was independent of clinical characteristics, treatment response, or therapeutic approach used by the dermatologist following suspension.

Conclusions

There was a high frequency of rebound following suspension of efalizumab, exceeding the rate reported in pivotal trials. This is particularly noteworthy given the large proportion of patients with a good response to treatment and therefore believed to have a better prognosis. Other significant findings were the higher frequency of positive treatment response than observed in previous studies (possibly influenced by the mean treatment duration) and the high frequency of generalized inflammatory flares.

Keywords:
Efalizumab
European Medicines Agency
Rebound
Generalized inflammatory flare
Introducción

La reciente resolución de la EMEA con respecto a la suspensión de efalizumab, ocurrida en febrero del año 2009, ha proporcionado una oportunidad única para comprobar la evolución de un grupo de pacientes en cuya selección no intervinieron los filtros ni los sesgos habituales de los estudios pivotales. El objetivo planteado fue evaluar el curso de la psoriasis tras la suspensión forzosa de efalizumab en un grupo de pacientes tratados en el ámbito clínico. Como objetivos secundarios se planteó investigar su perfil clínico, la respuesta y evolución durante el tratamiento y el curso evolutivo a las 12 y 24 semanas tras la suspensión.

Pacientes y métodos

Se recogió información procedente de un grupo de pacientes tratados con efalizumab referida al perfil epidemiológico, al curso de la dermatosis durante el tratamiento y a su evolución al suspenderlo. Se llevaron a cabo estudios estadísticos con vistas a identificar variables predictivas de los distintos objetivos investigados.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 147 pacientes procedentes de 12 centros hospitalarios nacionales. Durante el tratamiento un 4% de los pacientes fue diagnosticado de exacerbación inflamatoria generalizada. La mayor parte de los pacientes pudieron ser clasificados como buenos respondedores (55%) o respondedores moderados (18%). Un 30% de los pacientes presentaron rebote tras la suspensión de efalizumab. La probabilidad de rebote fue independiente del perfil clínico, la respuesta al tratamiento o la actitud terapéutica del dermatólogo al suspenderlo.

Discusión y conclusiones

Se comprobó una elevada ocurrencia de fenómeno de rebote tras la suspensión de efalizumab, superior a la descrita en los ensayos clínicos pivotales y especialmente significativa si se tiene en cuenta la elevada incidencia de buenos respondedores durante el tratamiento, considerados de mejor pronóstico. Otros datos significativos son la superior perspectiva de respuesta clínica –presumiblemente condicionada por el tiempo medio de tratamiento–, y la elevada incidencia de episodios de exacerbación inflamatoria generalizada.

Palabras clave:
Efalizumab
EMEA
Rebote
Exacerbación inflamatoria generalizada
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