array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0001731024004265"
  "issn" => "00017310"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2024.05.005"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01"
  "aid" => "3965"
  "copyright" => "AEDV"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2023"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "crp"
  "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115:T727-T728"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0001731023009390"
    "issn" => "00017310"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2023.04.037"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01"
    "aid" => "3748"
    "copyright" => "AEDV"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115:729"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Image in Dermatology</span>"
      "titulo" => "Tattoo-Associated Common Wart"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "paginaInicial" => "729"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Verruga com&#250;n en tatuaje"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:6 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1796
              "Ancho" => 1667
              "Tamanyo" => 700830
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Mansilla-Polo, M&#46; Llavador-Ros, R&#46; Botella-Estrada"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mansilla-Polo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Llavador-Ros"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Botella-Estrada"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731023009390?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000007/v1_202407021756/S0001731023009390/v1_202407021756/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0001731023006117"
    "issn" => "00017310"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2023.01.019"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01"
    "aid" => "3604"
    "copyright" => "AEDV"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115:727-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Casos para el diagn&#243;stico</span>"
      "titulo" => "Infiltraci&#243;n difusa unilateral de la ar&#233;ola mamaria"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "727"
          "paginaFinal" => "728"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Diffuse Firm Swelling of the Right Areola"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 874
              "Ancho" => 1207
              "Tamanyo" => 417884
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biopsia cut&#225;nea de ar&#233;ola derecha&#46; Hematoxilina y eosina&#44; &#215;100&#46; Denso infiltrado linfoide d&#233;rmico formado por c&#233;lulas de tama&#241;o intermedio con ocasionales c&#233;lulas grandes&#46; Presencia de centros germinales y no confluentes en la dermis profunda&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "H&#46; Escol&#224;, S&#46; Segura Tigell, R&#46;M&#46; Pujol"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "H&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Escol&#224;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Segura Tigell"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pujol"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731023006117?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000007/v1_202407021756/S0001731023006117/v1_202407021756/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:18 [
      "pii" => "S0001731023006117"
      "issn" => "00017310"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2023.01.019"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01"
      "aid" => "3604"
      "copyright" => "AEDV"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "crp"
      "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115:727-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "es" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Casos para el diagn&#243;stico</span>"
        "titulo" => "Infiltraci&#243;n difusa unilateral de la ar&#233;ola mamaria"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "727"
            "paginaFinal" => "728"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Diffuse Firm Swelling of the Right Areola"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0010"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 874
                "Ancho" => 1207
                "Tamanyo" => 417884
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biopsia cut&#225;nea de ar&#233;ola derecha&#46; Hematoxilina y eosina&#44; &#215;100&#46; Denso infiltrado linfoide d&#233;rmico formado por c&#233;lulas de tama&#241;o intermedio con ocasionales c&#233;lulas grandes&#46; Presencia de centros germinales y no confluentes en la dermis profunda&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "H&#46; Escol&#224;, S&#46; Segura Tigell, R&#46;M&#46; Pujol"
            "autores" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "H&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Escol&#224;"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "S&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Segura Tigell"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Pujol"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731023006117?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000007/v1_202407021756/S0001731023006117/v1_202407021756/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Cases for Diagnosis</span>"
    "titulo" => " Diffuse Firm Swelling of the Right Areola"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "T727"
        "paginaFinal" => "T728"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "H&#46; Escol&#224;, S&#46; Segura Tigell, R&#46;M&#46; Pujol"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "H&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Escol&#224;"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "hescolarodriguez@psmar.cat"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Segura Tigell"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Pujol"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital del Mar&#44; Parc de Salut Mar&#44; Universitat Aut&#242;noma de Barcelona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Infiltraci&#243;n difusa unilateral de la ar&#233;ola mamaria"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 807
            "Ancho" => 1207
            "Tamanyo" => 94053
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythematous-violaceous&#44; thickened&#44; and infiltrated right mammary areola&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Medical history</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 40-year-old man&#44; with no relevant past personal history&#44; with a 5-month history of erythema&#44; itching&#44; and diffuse infiltration of the right mammary areola&#44; without any triggering factor or associated systemic symptoms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Physical examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed the presence of an erythematous-violaceous&#44; thickened&#44; infiltrated right mammary areola&#44; palpable on touch &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; with no locoregional lymphadenopathy or other lesions elsewhere on the skin integumentary system&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histopathology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin biopsy showed a dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate composed of intermediate-sized cells with occasional large cells&#44; and a few accompanying eosinophils &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Presence of non-confluent germinal centers in deep dermis&#46; Immunophenotypic study&#58; mixed infiltrate of T cells &#40;CD3&#43;&#44; CD4&#43;&#44; CD7&#43;&#41; CD30&#8722; with occasional PD1&#43; cells&#44; and B cells &#40;CD20&#43;&#44; CD79a&#43;&#41; bcl2&#8722; with focal positivity for CD10 and CD21&#46; No restriction of light chains of immunoglobulins by in situ hybridization was observed&#46; Rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes and immunoglobulin heavy chains&#58; polyclonal pattern&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Other additional tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Complete blood count&#44; standard count&#44; formula&#44; and biochemistry showed no changes&#46; Breast ultrasound revealed thickening of the cutaneous complex of the areola-nipple&#44; with no identification of fibroglandular tissue or underlying focal lesions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">What is your diagnosis&#63;</span><p id="par9025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reactive cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Course of the disease and treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Upon further questioning&#44; the patient reported having traveled to Sweden 6 months prior to the consultation&#44; admitting to having suffered several tick bites&#46; Serologies for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> were requested&#44; showing negative IgM antibodies&#44; weakly positive IgG antibodies&#44; and positive PCR for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; burgdorferi</span> &#40;OspA gene&#41; in the skin biopsy&#44; leading to the diagnosis of lymphocytoma cutis due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>&#46; A 2-week regimen of doxycycline 100 mg every 12 hours was initiated with complete resolution of the clinical picture&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reactive cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias &#40;RCLH&#41; or cutaneous pseudolymphomas constitute a heterogeneous group of benign hyperplastic lymphoproliferative reactions that clinically and&#47;or histologically mimic a malignant lymphoproliferative process&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lymphocytoma cutis &#40;LC&#41; is considered the prototype of nodular cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma with follicular pattern&#46; LC can be induced by various antigenic stimuli&#44; including arthropod bites&#44; drugs&#44; and vaccines&#46; In endemic regions&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; burgdorferi</span> is the main causative agent&#44; being rare in our environment&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>-induced LC is a rare cutaneous sign of Lyme disease that occurs weeks or months after the bite of an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes</span> tick&#46; It is usually observed in children and young adults with a slight predominance in women&#46; There are several descriptions in the literature of cases similar to the one presented here&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2-4</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinically&#44; it presents as a painless erythematous-violaceous nodule or plaque that mainly affects the earlobe&#44; the areola-nipple complex&#44; or the scrotum&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It is usually accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological examination shows a nodular lymphoid infiltrate&#44; without cellular atypia&#44; affecting the entire dermis&#44; with formation of large and confluent germinal centers with a reduced or absent mantle zone&#46; The infiltrate consists of plasma cells&#44; eosinophils&#44; reactive T lymphocytes&#44; and macrophages with apoptotic cells phagocytized inside &#40;tingible bodies&#41;&#46; Immunophenotyping demonstrates lymphoid proliferation with predominance of B-cell germinal center cells&#44; positive for CD20&#44; CD10&#44; and Bcl-6 and negative for Bcl-2&#44; with polytypic light chains expression of immunoglobulins&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>-induced LC is clinical and requires a high level of suspicion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The presence of diffuse infiltration of the mammary areola&#44; with histopathological findings of nodular dermal lymphoid infiltration with germinal center formation&#44; should raise suspicion of the diagnosis of a B-cell RCLH with nodular pattern and&#44; within the appropriate epidemiological context&#44; due to B&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">burgdorferi</span>&#46; Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination&#44; serologies&#44; and&#47;or detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; burgdorferi</span> DNA in tissue by PCR&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical differential diagnosis is established with primary or secondary cutaneous lymphomas&#44; sarcoidosis&#44; nodular gynecomastia&#44; urticarial follicular mucinosis&#44; lupus mastitis&#44; and other etiologies of RCLH&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment includes the administration of doxycycline 100 mg twice a day&#44; or amoxicillin 500 mg every 8 hours for 2-3 weeks&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Funding</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Medical history"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Physical examination"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Histopathology"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Other additional tests"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "What is your diagnosis&#63;"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Diagnosis"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Course of the disease and treatment"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Comment"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 807
            "Ancho" => 1207
            "Tamanyo" => 94053
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythematous-violaceous&#44; thickened&#44; and infiltrated right mammary areola&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 874
            "Ancho" => 1207
            "Tamanyo" => 417884
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Skin biopsy of the right areola&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; &#215;100&#46; Dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate composed of intermediate-sized cells with occasional large cells&#46; Presence of germinal centers and non-confluent in deep dermis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous pseudolymphoma &#8212; A review on the spectrum and a proposal for a new classification"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Mitteldorf"
                            1 => "W&#46; Kempf"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/cup.13532"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cutan Pathol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "76"
                        "paginaFinal" => "97"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31237707"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span>-associated lymphocytoma cutis&#58; Clinicopathologic&#44; immunophenotypic&#44; and molecular study of 106 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Colli"
                            1 => "B&#46; Leinweber"
                            2 => "R&#46; M&#252;llegger"
                            3 => "A&#46; Chott"
                            4 => "H&#46; Kerl"
                            5 => "L&#46; Cerroni"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.0303-6987.2003.00167.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cutan Pathol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "232"
                        "paginaFinal" => "240"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984575"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A swollen&#44; red areola in a young boy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Van Nieuwenhove"
                            1 => "J&#46; Toelen"
                            2 => "K&#46; Casteels"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA Pediatr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "170"
                        "paginaInicial" => "289"
                        "paginaFinal" => "290"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26954530"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Specific cutaneous infiltrates of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia &#40;B-CLL&#41; at sites typical for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Cerroni"
                            1 => "G&#46; H&#246;fler"
                            2 => "B&#46; B&#228;ck"
                            3 => "P&#46; Wolf"
                            4 => "G&#46; Maier"
                            5 => "H&#46; Kerl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1034/j.1600-0560.2002.290303.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cutan Pathol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "142"
                        "paginaFinal" => "147"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11972710"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span>-associated lymphocytoma cutis simulating a primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Grange"
                            1 => "J&#46; Wechsler"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Guillaume"
                            3 => "J&#46; Tortel"
                            4 => "M&#46;C&#46; Tortel"
                            5 => "B&#46; Audhuy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1067/mjd.2002.120475"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "530"
                        "paginaFinal" => "534"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12271296"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous pseudolymphomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Romero-P&#233;rez"
                            1 => "M&#46; Blanes Mart&#237;nez"
                            2 => "B&#46; Encabo-Dur&#225;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2016.05.003"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "640"
                        "paginaFinal" => "651"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27289134"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Le lymphocytome borr&#233;lien du lobe de l&#8217;oreille &#91;Borrelia-associated lymphocytoma cutis&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Palmen"
                            1 => "P&#46; Jamblin"
                            2 => "B&#46; Florkin"
                            3 => "C&#46; Hoyoux"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.arcped.2010.05.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Pediatr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573489"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Borrelial lymphocytoma cutis&#58; A diagnostic dilemma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Kandhari"
                            1 => "S&#46; Kandhari"
                            2 => "S&#46; Jain"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/0019-5154.143530"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "595"
                        "paginaFinal" => "597"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25484392"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000007/v1_202407021756/S0001731024004265/v1_202407021756/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6161"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Casos para el diagn&#243;stico"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00017310/0000011500000007/v1_202407021756/S0001731024004265/v1_202407021756/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731024004265?idApp=UINPBA000044"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 115. Issue 7.
Pages T727-T728 (July - August 2024)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Visits
1385
Vol. 115. Issue 7.
Pages T727-T728 (July - August 2024)
Cases for Diagnosis
Full text access
Diffuse Firm Swelling of the Right Areola
Infiltración difusa unilateral de la aréola mamaria
Visits
1385
H. Escolà
Corresponding author
hescolarodriguez@psmar.cat

Corresponding author.
, S. Segura Tigell, R.M. Pujol
Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Related content
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115:727-810.1016/j.ad.2023.01.019
H. Escolà, S. Segura Tigell, R.M. Pujol
This item has received
Article information
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (2)
Full Text
Medical history

A 40-year-old man, with no relevant past personal history, with a 5-month history of erythema, itching, and diffuse infiltration of the right mammary areola, without any triggering factor or associated systemic symptoms.

Physical examination

Physical examination revealed the presence of an erythematous-violaceous, thickened, infiltrated right mammary areola, palpable on touch (fig. 1), with no locoregional lymphadenopathy or other lesions elsewhere on the skin integumentary system.

Figure 1.

Erythematous-violaceous, thickened, and infiltrated right mammary areola.

(0.09MB).
Histopathology

Skin biopsy showed a dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate composed of intermediate-sized cells with occasional large cells, and a few accompanying eosinophils (fig. 2). Presence of non-confluent germinal centers in deep dermis. Immunophenotypic study: mixed infiltrate of T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD7+) CD30− with occasional PD1+ cells, and B cells (CD20+, CD79a+) bcl2− with focal positivity for CD10 and CD21. No restriction of light chains of immunoglobulins by in situ hybridization was observed. Rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes and immunoglobulin heavy chains: polyclonal pattern.

Figure 2.

Skin biopsy of the right areola. Hematoxylin and eosin, ×100. Dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate composed of intermediate-sized cells with occasional large cells. Presence of germinal centers and non-confluent in deep dermis.

(0.4MB).
Other additional tests

Complete blood count, standard count, formula, and biochemistry showed no changes. Breast ultrasound revealed thickening of the cutaneous complex of the areola-nipple, with no identification of fibroglandular tissue or underlying focal lesions.

What is your diagnosis?

.

Diagnosis

Reactive cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia.

Course of the disease and treatment

Upon further questioning, the patient reported having traveled to Sweden 6 months prior to the consultation, admitting to having suffered several tick bites. Serologies for Borrelia burgdorferi were requested, showing negative IgM antibodies, weakly positive IgG antibodies, and positive PCR for B. burgdorferi (OspA gene) in the skin biopsy, leading to the diagnosis of lymphocytoma cutis due to Borrelia. A 2-week regimen of doxycycline 100 mg every 12 hours was initiated with complete resolution of the clinical picture.

Comment

Reactive cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias (RCLH) or cutaneous pseudolymphomas constitute a heterogeneous group of benign hyperplastic lymphoproliferative reactions that clinically and/or histologically mimic a malignant lymphoproliferative process.1

Lymphocytoma cutis (LC) is considered the prototype of nodular cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma with follicular pattern. LC can be induced by various antigenic stimuli, including arthropod bites, drugs, and vaccines. In endemic regions, B. burgdorferi is the main causative agent, being rare in our environment. Borrelia-induced LC is a rare cutaneous sign of Lyme disease that occurs weeks or months after the bite of an Ixodes tick. It is usually observed in children and young adults with a slight predominance in women. There are several descriptions in the literature of cases similar to the one presented here.2-4

Clinically, it presents as a painless erythematous-violaceous nodule or plaque that mainly affects the earlobe, the areola-nipple complex, or the scrotum.5 It is usually accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy.

Histopathological examination shows a nodular lymphoid infiltrate, without cellular atypia, affecting the entire dermis, with formation of large and confluent germinal centers with a reduced or absent mantle zone. The infiltrate consists of plasma cells, eosinophils, reactive T lymphocytes, and macrophages with apoptotic cells phagocytized inside (tingible bodies). Immunophenotyping demonstrates lymphoid proliferation with predominance of B-cell germinal center cells, positive for CD20, CD10, and Bcl-6 and negative for Bcl-2, with polytypic light chains expression of immunoglobulins.6

The diagnosis of Borrelia-induced LC is clinical and requires a high level of suspicion.7 The presence of diffuse infiltration of the mammary areola, with histopathological findings of nodular dermal lymphoid infiltration with germinal center formation, should raise suspicion of the diagnosis of a B-cell RCLH with nodular pattern and, within the appropriate epidemiological context, due to B. burgdorferi. Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination, serologies, and/or detection of B. burgdorferi DNA in tissue by PCR.

The clinical differential diagnosis is established with primary or secondary cutaneous lymphomas, sarcoidosis, nodular gynecomastia, urticarial follicular mucinosis, lupus mastitis, and other etiologies of RCLH.

Treatment includes the administration of doxycycline 100 mg twice a day, or amoxicillin 500 mg every 8 hours for 2-3 weeks.8

Funding

None declared.

Conflicts of interest

None declared.

References
[1]
C. Mitteldorf, W. Kempf.
Cutaneous pseudolymphoma — A review on the spectrum and a proposal for a new classification.
J Cutan Pathol., 47 (2020), pp. 76-97
[2]
C. Colli, B. Leinweber, R. Müllegger, A. Chott, H. Kerl, L. Cerroni.
Borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis: Clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular study of 106 cases.
J Cutan Pathol., 31 (2004), pp. 232-240
[3]
E. Van Nieuwenhove, J. Toelen, K. Casteels.
A swollen, red areola in a young boy.
JAMA Pediatr., 170 (2016), pp. 289-290
[4]
L. Cerroni, G. Höfler, B. Bäck, P. Wolf, G. Maier, H. Kerl.
Specific cutaneous infiltrates of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) at sites typical for Borrelia burgdorferi infection.
J Cutan Pathol., 29 (2002), pp. 142-147
[5]
F. Grange, J. Wechsler, J.C. Guillaume, J. Tortel, M.C. Tortel, B. Audhuy, et al.
Borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis simulating a primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma.
J Am Acad Dermatol., 47 (2002), pp. 530-534
[6]
D. Romero-Pérez, M. Blanes Martínez, B. Encabo-Durán.
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas.
Actas Dermosifiliogr., 107 (2016), pp. 640-651
[7]
C. Palmen, P. Jamblin, B. Florkin, C. Hoyoux.
Le lymphocytome borrélien du lobe de l’oreille [Borrelia-associated lymphocytoma cutis].
Arch Pediatr., 17 (2010), pp. 1159-1161
[8]
R. Kandhari, S. Kandhari, S. Jain.
Borrelial lymphocytoma cutis: A diagnostic dilemma.
Indian J Dermatol., 59 (2014), pp. 595-597
Copyright © 2023. AEDV
Download PDF
Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?