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Vol. 99. Issue 10.
Pages 788-794 (December 2008)
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Vol. 99. Issue 10.
Pages 788-794 (December 2008)
Original article
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Sensitization to Acrylates Caused by Artificial Acrylic Nails: Review of 15 Cases
Sensibilización a Acrilatos por Uñas Artificiales Acrílicas. Revisión de 15 Casos
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E. Roche
Corresponding author
erochega@yahoo.es

Correspondence: Avda. Tres Cruces s/n, 46014 Valencia, Spain.
, J. de la Cuadra, V. Alegre
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Allergic contact dermatitis due to acrylates present in the workplace is a disease frequently reported among dentists, printers, and fiberglass workers. Recently, the number of cases of contact allergic dermatitis among beauticians specialized in sculpting artificial nails has increased.

Objective

Our objective was to study the clinical characteristics and allergens implicated in allergic contact dermatitis due to acrylates in beauticians and users of sculpted nails.

Material and methods

This was an observational, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis due to acrylates used in sculpting artificial nails over the last 26 years in the Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain.

Results

In total, 15 patients were diagnosed: 14 beauticians and 1 client. Most cases were diagnosed in the past 2 years. All were women, their mean age was 32.2 years, and 26.7% had a personal or family history of atopy. The sensitization time varied between 1 month and 15 years. The most frequently affected areas were the fleshy parts of the fingers and hands. Three patients —2 beauticians and 1 client— presented allergic asthma due to acrylates. All patients underwent patch testing with a standard battery of allergens and a battery of acrylates. The most frequent allergens were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (13/15, 86.7%), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (13/15, 86.7%), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (7/15, 46.7%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (5/15, 33.3%), and methyl methacrylate (5/15, 33.3%).

Conclusions

Acrylate monomers used for sculpting artificial nails are important sensitizers for contact and occupational dermatitis. The most important consideration is primary and secondary prevention.

Key words:
acrylates
methacrylates
artificial nails
allergic contact dermatitis
Resumen
Introducción

La dermatitis alérgica de contacto (DAC) ocupacional a acrilatos es una patología frecuente en dentistas, la industria de la imprenta o la fibra de vidrio. Recientemente el número de casos publicados de DAC a acrilatos en esteticistas especializadas en esculpir uñas artificiales ha ido en aumento.

Objetivo

Estudiar las características clínicas y los alergenos implicados en la DAC a acrilatos en esteticistas y usuarias de uñas esculpidas.

Material y métodos

Se trata de un estudio observacional y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de DAC a acrilatos debido a las uñas artificiales esculpidas en los últimos 26 años en el Hospital General Universitario de Valencia.

Resultados

Un total de 15 pacientes fueron diagnosticadas: 14 esteticistas y una usuaria. La mayoría de los casos fueron diagnosticados en los últimos dos años. Todos eran mujeres, con una edad media de 32,2 años. El 26,7% tenían historia personal o familiar de atopia. El tiempo de sensibilización fue variable, entre un mes y 15 años. Las áreas más frecuentemente afectadas fueron los pulpejos de los dedos y las manos. Tres pacientes, dos ocupacionales y otra no ocupacional, presentaron asma alérgica debido a los acrilatos. Todas las pacientes fueron estudiadas mediante pruebas epicutáneas con la batería estándar y la batería de acrilatos. Los alergenos más frecuentes fueron etilenoglicol dimetacrilato (13/15, 86,7%), hidroxietilmetacrilato (13/15, 86,7%), trietilenglicol dimetacrilato (7/15, 46,7%), 2-hidroxipropil metacrilato (5/15, 33,3%) y metil metacrilato (5/15, 33,3%).

Conclusiones

Los monómeros acrílicos utilizados en esculpir uñas artificiales son importantes sensibilizadores de contacto y ocupacionales. El aspecto más importante es la prevención primaria y secundaria.

Palabras clave:
acrilatos
metacrilatos
uñas artificiales
dermatitis alérgica de contacto
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Copyright © 2008. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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