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Vol. 99. Issue 7.
Pages 546-554 (September 2008)
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Vol. 99. Issue 7.
Pages 546-554 (September 2008)
Original articles
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Selectivity of Photothermolysis in the Treatment of Port Wine Stains Using Multiple Pulses With a Pulsed Dye Laser
Selectividad de la Fototermólisis en el Tratamiento de las Manchas en Vino de Oporto Mediante Múltiples Pulsos de Láser de Colorante Pulsado
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I. Aldanondo
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ialdanondo@yahoo.es

Correspondence: C/ José Lázaro Galdiano n.°1, esc A, 7.° dcha, 28036 Madrid, Spain.
, P. Boixeda, M. Fernández-Lorente, A. Marquet, M. Calvo, P. Jaén
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2008;99:78710.1016/S1578-2190(08)70381-0
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Abstract
Background

In 25% to 50% of patients with port wine stains treated with pulsed dye laser (even in multiple sessions), only a partial improvement is obtained that is often unsatisfactory for the patient. Various factors have been proposed to explain the resistance to treatment, such as the presence of deep, small-caliber, or very thick vessels that cannot be coagulated with a single laser pulse. Certain mathematical models suggest that multiple pulses would be effective in coagulating those vessels without losing the selectivity of photothermolysis, since more energy could be delivered to the target structures without damaging the surrounding tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and selectivity of photothermolysis with multiple laser pulses.

Methods

Twelve patients with port wine stains were included in the study. Various areas of each lesion were treated with pulsed dye laser (Candela V-beam, 595nm) using different parameters. Immediately afterwards, the treated areas were biopsied.

Results

The risk of exceeding an appropriate dose was greater with small spot size, long pulse duration, short intervals between pulses, and high fluences. Heat damage was less with spots of 10mm, short pulses, intervals of 1minute between pulses, and low fluences. In selected cases, multiple pulses were effective and selective where single pulses did not successfully coagulate the vessels.

Conclusions

Our results indicate the enormous possibilities of multiple laser pulses for the treatment of refractory vascular lesions. In addition, we have addressed the variables defining the complex thermodynamic interaction between the laser and the cutaneous tissue and indicated the safest parameters. We discuss the possible usefulness of this approach with other lasers and skin diseases.

Key words:
port wine stain
nevus flammeus
capillary malformation
pulsed dye laser
multiple pulses
Resumen
Introducción

En un 25-50% de los pacientes con manchas en vino de Oporto tratadas con láser de colorante pulsado (incluso con múltiples sesiones) obtenemos un resultado parcial y frecuentemente insatisfactorio para el paciente. Se han propuesto varios factores que explicarían esta resistencia al tratamiento, como la presencia de vasos profundos, de pequeño calibre o muy gruesos, a los que un solo pulso de láser no logra coagular. Existen modelos matemáticos que sugieren que los multipulsos serían eficaces para coagular estos vasos sin perder la selectividad de la fototermólisis, ya que permiten administrar más energía sobre las estructuras diana, sin lesionar el tejido circundante. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la eficacia y la selectividad de la fototermólisis al usar multipulsos.

Métodos

Se seleccionaron 12 pacientes con manchas en vino de Oporto. Se trataron varias zonas de cada lesión con láser de colorante pulsado (V-beam 595nm, Candela®) y distintos parámetros. Inmediatamente después se biopsiaron las zonas tratadas.

Resultados

El riesgo de sobredosificar fue mayor con tamaños del haz pequeños, pulsos largos, intervalo breve entre pulsos y fluencias elevadas. El daño térmico fue menor con tamaños del haz de 10mm, pulsos cortos, intervalo de 1minuto entre los pulsos y fluencias bajas. En casos seleccionados, los multipulsos eran eficaces y selectivos, ahí donde el pulso único no lograba coagular los vasos.

Conclusiones

Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto las enormes posibilidades que los multipulsos ofrecen para el tratamiento de las lesiones vasculares refractarias. Asimismo, definimos los parámetros que intervienen en este complejo proceso termodinámico de interacción del láser con el tejido cutáneo, se señalan cuáles son más seguros y apuntamos su utilidad con otros láseres y patologías cutáneas.

Palabras clave:
mancha en vino de Oporto
nevus flammeus
malformación capilar
láser de colorante pulsado
multipulsos
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Copyright © 2008. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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