Case and Research Letters
Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios
I. Gracia-Darder
, N. Izquierdo, J. Boix-Vilanova, D. Ramos
Corresponding author
Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
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Gracia-Darder, N. Izquierdo, J. Boix-Vilanova, D. Ramos" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Gracia-Darder" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ines.gracia@ssib.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Izquierdo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Boix-Vilanova" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Ramos" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 560 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 39358 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Magnetic resonance image of a retroprosthetic lobulated mass measuring 14 × 10 × 7 cm with irregular margins in addition to peripheral enhancement and central necrosis and invasion of the chest wall through to the mediastinum.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a very rare form of T-cell lymphoma and its incidence has grown in recent decades. The most common presentation is breast swelling due to periprosthetic seroma. In this article, we describe a case of BIA-ALCL whose first clinical manifestation was skin lesions in the intermammary area. There have very few reports of this presentation in the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 70-year-old woman was referred to our department for evaluation of an erythematous, indurated plaque with slight superficial scaling in the intermammary area and increased right breast volume (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). She had been diagnosed with right breast carcinoma 5 years earlier and had undergone mastectomy and prosthetic breast reconstruction. She was receiving hormone therapy. No signs of recurrence had been detected in a follow-up mammogram 4 months earlier. The ultrasound examination had shown waves indicating possible periprosthetic fluid collection but no findings suggestive of malignancy. The patient reported asthenia and considerable weight loss in recent months. Skin biopsy showed spongiotic dermatitis with a superficial and deep perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. No tumor cells were observed and immunohistochemical staining was negative for cytokeratin 19 and CD30.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Magnetic resonance imaging was ordered to assess the possibility of a cutaneous metastasis from breast cancer or a prosthetic complication. The findings showed a retroprosthetic mass invading the chest wall and extending into the mediastinum (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Aspiration of the periprosthetic fluid showed large CD30<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, CD3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, and ALK- tumor cells, confirming the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Given the presence of extramammary disease, the patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, and prednisone) and brentuximab before surgical explantation of the implant and capsulectomy.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BIA-ALCL is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by tumor cells invading the capsule or periprosthetic fluid. The mean age at diagnosis is 52.5 years and the mean time from breast implantation to diagnosis is 9 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> BIA-ALCL presents as periprosthetic seroma in 86% of cases,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> although it can also manifest as a mass, nodule, or lymph node enlargement. Skin lesions are very rare.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Just 2 cases of BIA-ALCL with skin lesions as the presenting manifestation have been reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3</span></a>Elswick and Nguyen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> described the case of a woman who presented with a breast mass, erythema, and breast swelling in addition to elevated acute phase reactants in the blood work-up. The skin biopsy was negative for malignancy, suggesting to the authors that the skin lesions were due to a periprosthetic infection concurrent with the lymphoma. In the case published by Alcalá et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> however, the detection of CD30<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> tumor cells during histologic examination of the skin nodules was key to establishing a diagnosis of BIA-ALCL rather than breast cancer recurrence. Nineteen of the 186 patients in the PROFILE (Patient Registry and Outcomes for Breast Implants and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Etiology and Epidemiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>) registry developed skin lesions in addition to other systemic manifestations, and 12 of these lesions were described as redness on the skin. Type of skin lesion was not specified in the other cases, and none of the lesions were analyzed histologically.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neither our case nor the cases in the literature (with the exception of that described by Alcalá et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>) exhibited specific clinical or microscopic changes. BIA-ALCL should be suspected in patients with breast implants who develop skin lesions, in particular erythema, and breast swelling.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been hypothesized that the etiology of BIA-ALCL is multifactorial and is influenced by type of implant, genetic predisposition, and possible chronic periprosthetic superinfection associated with a bacterial biofilm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Spanish Ministry of Health recently published a clinical protocol for the detection of BIA-ALCL that recommends an initial ultrasound assessment with aspiration and cytologic and microbiologic analysis of periprosthetic fluid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> BIA-ALCL is histologically characterized by a proliferation of highly pleomorphic lymphoid cells with abundant cytoplasm and an irregular nucleus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Diagnosis must be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which characteristically shows CD30 positivity and ALK negativity in all tumor cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,6</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BIA-ALCL is generally localized at diagnosis and the prognosis is excellent following surgical excision.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Extracapsular spread is very uncommon. In their review of 173 cases of BIA-ALCL, Brody et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> reported just 18 cases of extracapsular spread and 9 of these had a fatal outcome.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have described a new case of advanced-stage BIA-ALCL in a woman who, in addition to increased breast volume, presented with skin lesions and constitutional syndrome. She required chemotherapy prior to surgery.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although BIA-ALCL is rare, the number of cases in recent years has increased exponentially.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> It is crucial thus to be familiar with this condition, as early diagnosis together with detection of localized disease is associated with a favorable prognosis following surgical explantation and capsulectomy.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Gracia-Darder I, Izquierdo N, Boix-Vilanova J, Ramos D. Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2021;112:928–930.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 970 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 79133 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Indurated erythematous plaque with slight scaling in the intermammary area. B, Note the growth of the erythematous plaque and the considerable increase in volume of the right breast after 1 month.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 560 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 39358 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Magnetic resonance image of a retroprosthetic lobulated mass measuring 14 × 10 × 7 cm with irregular margins in addition to peripheral enhancement and central necrosis and invasion of the chest wall through to the mediastinum.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 567 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 156678 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Microscopic image of the cell block preparation from the periprosthetic fluid (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×60) showing large loose and small discohesive clusters of pleomorphic tumor cells against a background of inflammatory granulation tissue. B, Strong immunohistochemical expression of CD30.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Breast erythema in a patient with breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report discussing cutaneous manifestations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.M. Elswick" 1 => "M.T. Nguyen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/asj/sjx209" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Aesthet Surg J." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2024 October | 73 | 54 | 127 |
| 2024 September | 70 | 46 | 116 |
| 2024 August | 79 | 74 | 153 |
| 2024 July | 71 | 69 | 140 |
| 2024 June | 79 | 53 | 132 |
| 2024 May | 57 | 53 | 110 |
| 2024 April | 69 | 40 | 109 |
| 2024 March | 67 | 37 | 104 |
| 2024 February | 53 | 52 | 105 |
| 2024 January | 50 | 51 | 101 |
| 2023 December | 51 | 27 | 78 |
| 2023 November | 97 | 38 | 135 |
| 2023 October | 80 | 34 | 114 |
| 2023 September | 68 | 36 | 104 |
| 2023 August | 61 | 43 | 104 |
| 2023 July | 71 | 71 | 142 |
| 2023 June | 63 | 31 | 94 |
| 2023 May | 73 | 41 | 114 |
| 2023 April | 43 | 29 | 72 |
| 2023 March | 72 | 47 | 119 |
| 2023 February | 51 | 32 | 83 |
| 2023 January | 53 | 37 | 90 |
| 2022 December | 57 | 50 | 107 |
| 2022 November | 32 | 36 | 68 |
| 2022 October | 37 | 27 | 64 |
| 2022 September | 34 | 52 | 86 |
| 2022 August | 31 | 120 | 151 |
| 2022 July | 27 | 36 | 63 |
| 2022 June | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2022 May | 70 | 34 | 104 |
| 2022 April | 76 | 44 | 120 |
| 2022 March | 80 | 67 | 147 |
| 2022 February | 82 | 38 | 120 |
| 2022 January | 89 | 49 | 138 |
| 2021 December | 56 | 50 | 106 |
| 2021 November | 92 | 49 | 141 |
| 2021 October | 101 | 64 | 165 |
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