Eosinophilic Dermatosis of Hematologic Malignancy

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Hematoxilina-eosina (×50). Epidermis con discreta espongiosis. En la dermis superficial se aprecia un infiltrado inflamatorio mixto de predominio perivascular y perianexial. B. Hematoxilina-eosina (×400). Infiltrado inflamatorio en la dermis profunda con la presencia de gran número de eosinófilos." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Lucas-Truyols, B. Rodrigo-Nicolás, C. Lloret-Ruiz, E. Quecedo-Estébanez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Lucas-Truyols" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Rodrigo-Nicolás" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Lloret-Ruiz" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." 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Fusarium oxysporum (and Corynebacterium ulcerans) were repeatedly isolated from the lesion. Images A and C correspond to the beginning of the process and images B and D to after treatment, with the lesions resolving." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Aspiroz, M. Sevil, C. Toyas, Y. Gilaberte" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Aspiroz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sevil" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Toyas" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Y." 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Lucas-Truyols, B. Rodrigo-Nicolás, C. Lloret-Ruiz, E. Quecedo-Estébanez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Lucas-Truyols" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sofialucas89@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Rodrigo-Nicolás" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Lloret-Ruiz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Quecedo-Estébanez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Consorcio Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatosis eosinofílicas asociadas a procesos hematológicos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1489 "Ancho" => 3265 "Tamanyo" => 1548998 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "A, Hematoxylin-eosin(×50). Epidermis with mild spongiosis. Mixed inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly perivascular and periadnexal, in the superficial dermis. B, Hematoxylin-eosin (×400). Eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate in the deep dermis." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionWe present the cases of 4 patients with hematologic neoplasms who developed lesions with clinical and histological features reminiscent of insect bites. All 4 patients were diagnosed with eosinophilic dermatosis (ED) of hematologic malignancy. In one of these patients, the underlying disease was a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This type of cutaneous eruption has previously been reported in patients with B-cell lymphomas, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), congenital agammaglobulinemia, acute monocytic leukemia, and myelofibrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1–6</a>Case DescriptionsWe carried out a retrospective study of cases of ED of hematologic malignancy diagnosed in our hospital between 2009 and 2015. The clinical characteristics of the patients are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. The patients were 1 woman and 3 men, aged between 53 and 86 years. Three of them were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and one with mycosis fungoides (MF) CD3+, CD4–, CD7–, and CD8–. All 4 patients were referred for consultation by the Hematology Department because they had developed cutaneous lesions. The interval between diagnosis of the blood cancer and the appearance of the dermatosis varied from 2 months to 10 years. None of the 3 patients with CLL were receiving specific treatment for their hematologic disease at the time the skin lesions appeared: in case 1 because of sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, which had led to the cessation of the third cycle of chemotherapy a few months earlier; in case 2 because the disease was in a very early stage; and in case 3 because the patient was in partial remission following 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The patient with MF had been receiving treatment with bexarotene for 2 months.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In all 4 cases, the presenting complaint was the appearance of a pruritic eruption with onset between 1 and 4 weeks earlier. Multiple palpable preauricular and cervical lymph nodes were found in Case 2 and accompanying B symptoms were observed in Case 3. The basic lesions varied:excoriated papules in Case 1 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A); erythematous papules in a linear pattern in case 2 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B); confluent papules of various sizes on the forearm in Case 3 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A); and poorly defined erythematous-violaceous plaques in patient 4 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B). The site most frequently affected was the upper limbs. In Case 1, ED developed when the patient was in hospital because of progression of her CLL. None of the patients reported any history of an insect bite.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>In all 4 cases, a histologic study was performed following staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Immunofluorescence was not performed since clinically the lesions were papules or plaques consistent with insect bites. In all 4 cases, histologic examination revealed a perivascular and periadnexal interstitial inflammatory infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis composed of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and abundant eosinophils (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). The presence of malignant cells in the infiltrate was ruled out using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH); no monoclonal rearrangement of lymphocytes was observed.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Patients 1, 2, and 4 were treated with topical corticosteroid therapy alone, with the addition of oral prednisone in patient 3. The lesions disappeared within a few weeks. In case 2, resolution coincided with the start of specific chemotherapy. The cutaneous lesions recurred in all of the patients with CLL over subsequent months. The patient in Case 1 died a few months after onset of the cutaneous symptoms and progression of CLL was observed in the other 2 patients after the diagnosis of ED. The patient with MF (Case 4) responded to topical corticosteroid therapy; ED was not associated with a worse prognosis and the patient is currently stable.DiscussionThis clinical entity was first described by Weed in 1965.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">7</a> It was interpreted as an exaggerated hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in patients with CLL. It was never possible to demonstrate whether or not a bite was necessary to trigger the process and, after several nomenclatures in the intervening period, it is now known as ED of hematologic malignancy, a term that covers all the malignancies in which the condition has been described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1,8</a> We found 34 publications under the older term exaggerated reaction to insect bites, most relating to isolated cases. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the most recent cases published with the new nomenclature. This is a rare condition, primarily associated with CLL,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1–5,7,8</a> although it has also been reported in association with other B-cell hematologic malignancies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">6,9–14</a> (mantle cell lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma), and with acute monocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis, and nonmalignant processes, such as HIV infection and congenital agammaglobulinemia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">3</a> Although the eruption usually appears several years after the diagnosis of the malignancy, cases have also been reported in which the condition developed before or at the same time as the malignancy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">1</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The pathogenesis of the condition is unknown, but it has been suggested that the leukemic cells may cause an imbalance in cytokines, which leads to increased interleukin (IL)-5 and ultimately to the proliferation of eosinophils. Other authors have suggested that the patient's underlying immunodeficiency followed by an immune stimulus (an insect bite, drugs, or a virus) may trigger an altered immune response with overexpression of IL-5.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1,8</a>The clinical presentation takes the form of pruritic papules or hive-like nodules reminiscent of arthropod bites. Cases have also been reported involving true plaques of variable size and occasionally vesiculobullous lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1,3</a> Lesions usually affect exposed and unexposed areas of the skin and occur predominantly on the limbs. In many cases, the cutaneous symptoms recur in situations in which insect bites would be unlikely.The characteristic histologic feature is the presence of an eosinophil-rich, perivascular and periadnexal, interstitial inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate, which occasionally extends into the subcutaneous tissue.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">13</a> The lymphocytic infiltrate is predominantly composed of T cells (CD3+, CD43+, CD45RO+)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">1</a>; when B cells are present they form polyclonal aggregates. No leukemic cells are observed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1,13</a> One case has been described in which FISH revealed the presence of malignant cells in the infiltrate of a biopsy from a patient with CLL.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">15</a> This did not occur in our patients.In 2001, Byrd et al. proposed the set of diagnostic criteria shown in<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">2</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The differential diagnosis includes leukemia cutis, scabies, toxicoderma, hypersensitivity to insect bites, early stages of blistering diseases such as bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis, eosinophilic folliculitis, and Wells syndrome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1,8</a>To date, no relationship has been demonstrated between the onset of ED and the course of the underlying disease. However, a rapidly progressive course of CLL has been observed in some patients coinciding with the onset of ED.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1–9,11</a> In our series, 3 of the 4 patients progressed to a more advanced stage of their hematologic disease, and 1 patient died due to CLL a few months after onset of ED. By contrast, in another recently reported case, a patient with CLL and recurrent ED remained stable for 45 months after initial onset of ED.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">10</a> Thus, the prognostic implications of ED in this setting are still unclear.Many treatments have been proposed, but most are associated with partial response and frequent recurrence. Improvement has been achieved with specific chemotherapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">1,6</a> The condition is generally refractory to oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">8</a> although in our patients the latter were the treatment of choice. The most effective and generally accepted treatment at the present time is oral corticosteroids at doses of 0.5-1 mg/kg/d.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">3</a> This regimen achieves good initial results, but relapse is common when the dose is reduced. UVB phototherapy would appear to be a good choice of therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">2</a>We report 4 new cases of ED. Three were associated with CLL (the most common association reported in the literature) and the onset of ED was associated with a poor prognosis. The fourth case was associated with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, representing the first instance of this association reported in the literature. After 7 years of follow-up and treatment with oral bexarotene, the fourth patient has had no new outbreaks and remains stable. The cutaneous manifestation are ordinary lesions resembling insect bites. However, in the case of patients with a history of hematologic malignancy, the possibility of ED of hematologic malignancy should be considered and the patient should be closely monitored since, while the relationship is not entirely clear, the presence of ED may be an indication of progression of the underlying disease.Ethical DisclosuresProtection of human and animal subjectsThe authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation.Confidentiality of dataThe authors declare that no private patient data are disclosed in this article.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors declare that no private patient data are disclosed in this article.Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres858620" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852769" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres858619" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852770" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case Descriptions" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852769" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Eosinophilic dermatosis" 1 => "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia" 2 => "Mycosis fungoides" 3 => "Tissue eosinophilia" 4 => "Insect bites" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852770" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Dermatosis eosinofílica" 1 => "Leucemia linfática crónica" 2 => "Micosis fungoide" 3 => "Eosinofilia tisular" 4 => "Picaduras" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Dermatosis characterized by tissue eosinophilia arising in the context of hematologic disease is known as eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy. The most commonly associated malignancy is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy is a rare condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations, ranging from papules, erythematous nodules, or blisters that simulate arthropod bites, to the formation of true plaques of differing sizes. Histology reveals the presence of abundant eosinophils. We present 4 new cases seen in Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, during the past 7 years. Three of these cases were associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 1 with mycosis fungoides. It is important to recognize this dermatosis as it can indicate progression of the underlying disease, as was the case in 3 of our patients." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "La dermatosis caracterizada por eosinofilia tisular que aparece en el contexto de un trastorno hematológico se conoce con el nombre de dermatosis eosinofílica asociada a proceso hematológico, siendo el más frecuente de todos la leucemia linfática crónica. Se trata de una entidad poco frecuente que tiene un amplio espectro morfológico, desde pápulas, nódulos eritematosos o ampollas que simulan picaduras de artrópodo hasta la formación de verdaderas placas de tamaño variable y en las que la histología se caracteriza por la presencia de abundantes eosinófilos. Presentamos 4 nuevos casos diagnosticados en nuestro hospital en los últimos 7 años, 3 de ellos asociados a una leucemia linfática crónica y un cuarto caso asociado a una micosis fungoide. La importancia de conocer esta dermatosis radica en el hecho de que puede indicar una progresión de la enfermedad de base, y así fue en 3 de nuestros pacientes." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Lucas-Truyols S, Rodrigo-Nicolás B, Lloret-Ruiz C, Quecedo-Estébanez E. Dermatosis eosinofílicas asociadas a procesos hematológicos. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2017;108:e39–e44." ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 621 "Ancho" => 1633 "Tamanyo" => 126807 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "A, Excoriated papules on back. B, Erythematous papules in a linear pattern." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 3406 "Ancho" => 2100 "Tamanyo" => 654348 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "A, Erythematous papules of different sizes, some confluent. B, Poorly defined erythematous-violaceous plaques." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1489 "Ancho" => 3265 "Tamanyo" => 1548998 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "A, Hematoxylin-eosin(×50). Epidermis with mild spongiosis. Mixed inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly perivascular and periadnexal, in the superficial dermis. B, Hematoxylin-eosin (×400). Eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate in the deep dermis." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Abbreviations: CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ED, eosinophilic dermatosis; LL, lower limbs; MF, mycosis fungoides; OC, oral corticosteroid; TC, topical corticosteroid; UL, upper limbs." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age, years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Woman \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hematologic malignancy and stage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL IIB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL IA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL IB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MF IIA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time elapsed since diagnosis of hematologic malignancy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Treatment for hematologic disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bexarotene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Skin lesions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Papules \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plaques \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Papules and plaques \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plaques \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Site \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Back/UL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Face/UL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abdomen/UL/LL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abdomen/LL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Treatment of ED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TC+OC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Course of ED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Resolved \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Course of hematologic disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Death at 3 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression to IB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression to IIB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Treatment of the hematologic disease after diagnosis of ED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cyclophosphamide \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rituximab+chlorambucil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ibrutinib \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Continued on bexarotene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1450918.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical Characteristics of the Patients with Eosinophilic Dermatosis." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Abbreviations: CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CT, chemotherapy; ED, eosinophilic dermatosis; MALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; MF, mycosis fungoides; OC, oral corticosteroid; P, patient; TC, topical corticosteroid" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hematologic Disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of Skin Lesion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Course and Treatment of ED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Course of Hematologic Disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Martínez et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">8</a> (2006) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 69 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Escoriated papules, vesicles, and blisters on back and limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent despite TC therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hidalgo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">4</a> (2010) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 80 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Erythematous papules and nodules on limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Improvement with OC and antihistamine therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Farber et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">1</a> (2012) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 73 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Erythematous papules and nodules on the face, trunk, and limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Resolved with CT. Recurrence treated with OC, doxycycline and antihistamines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chassine et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">9</a> (2012) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 men 3 women 72-80 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 CLL 2 mantle cell lymphomas 1 MALT lymphoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Excoriated papules and plaques, vesicles and pustules on the face, trunk and limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P1, P2, P4-P6: Resolution with CT P3: spontaneous resolution  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P1, P2, P6: no progression P3: diagnosis of blood disease and death at 2 months P4: progression and death at 18 months P5: diagnosis of blood disease  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Two et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">6</a> (2014) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 50 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple myeloma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blistering on limbs and trunk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Resolution with TC and CT  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Penn et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">5</a> (2015) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 56 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Erythematous papules and vesicles on limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Several recurrent outbreaks treated with TC, intralesional corticosteroids, and CT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shin and Kim<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">10</a> (2016) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 73 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cellulitis-like plaques on neck and blisters on limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OC. Several recurrences \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No progression in relation to relapses (45 mo follow-up) Finally progression of the disease after 7 mo without relapse \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jayasekera et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">11</a> (2016) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Man 51 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Papules, erythematous plaques, and vesicles on legs and dorsum of foot \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Initial response to dapsone Started CT and OC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Our cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 men 1 woman 53-86 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 CLL 1 mycosis fungoides \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Papules and plaques on the face, trunk and limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P1, P2 and P3: Relapses despite treatment with TC and OC P4: resolution after TC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P1: death at 3 months P2 and P3: progression P4: no progression (45 mo follow-up) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1450919.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of Our Series With Cases Previously Reported in the Literature." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pruritic papules, nodules and/or vesiculobullous eruption refractory to standard treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eosinophil-rich lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Exclusion of other causes of tissue eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prior or subsequent diagnosis of hematologic malignancy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1450920.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Dermatosis of Hematologic Malignancy." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.J. 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e- Case Report

Eosinophilic Dermatosis of Hematologic Malignancy

Dermatosis eosinofílicas asociadas a procesos hematológicos

S. Lucas-Truyolsa,

Corresponding author

sofialucas89@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, B. Rodrigo-Nicolásb, C. Lloret-Ruiza, E. Quecedo-Estébaneza

a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain

b Servicio de Dermatología, Consorcio Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the cases of 4 patients with hematologic neoplasms who developed lesions with clinical and histological features reminiscent of insect bites&#46; All 4 patients were diagnosed with eosinophilic dermatosis &#40;ED&#41; of hematologic malignancy&#46; In one of these patients&#44; the underlying disease was a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma&#46; This type of cutaneous eruption has previously been reported in patients with B-cell lymphomas&#44; human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41;&#44; congenital agammaglobulinemia&#44; acute monocytic leukemia&#44; and myelofibrosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case Descriptions</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We carried out a retrospective study of cases of ED of hematologic malignancy diagnosed in our hospital between 2009 and 2015&#46; The clinical characteristics of the patients are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The patients were 1 woman and 3 men&#44; aged between 53 and 86 years&#46; Three of them were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia &#40;CLL&#41; and one with mycosis fungoides &#40;MF&#41; CD3&#43;&#44; CD4&#8211;&#44; CD7&#8211;&#44; and CD8&#8211;&#46; All 4 patients were referred for consultation by the Hematology Department because they had developed cutaneous lesions&#46; The interval between diagnosis of the blood cancer and the appearance of the dermatosis varied from 2 months to 10 years&#46; None of the 3 patients with CLL were receiving specific treatment for their hematologic disease at the time the skin lesions appeared&#58; in case 1 because of sepsis caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>&#44; which had led to the cessation of the third cycle of chemotherapy a few months earlier&#59; in case 2 because the disease was in a very early stage&#59; and in case 3 because the patient was in partial remission following 2 cycles of chemotherapy&#46; The patient with MF had been receiving treatment with bexarotene for 2 months&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In all 4 cases&#44; the presenting complaint was the appearance of a pruritic eruption with onset between 1 and 4 weeks earlier&#46; Multiple palpable preauricular and cervical lymph nodes were found in Case 2 and accompanying B symptoms were observed in Case 3&#46; The basic lesions varied&#58;excoriated papules in Case 1 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#59; erythematous papules in a linear pattern in case 2 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#59; confluent papules of various sizes on the forearm in Case 3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#59; and poorly defined erythematous-violaceous plaques in patient 4 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41;&#46; The site most frequently affected was the upper limbs&#46; In Case 1&#44; ED developed when the patient was in hospital because of progression of her CLL&#46; None of the patients reported any history of an insect bite&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In all 4 cases&#44; a histologic study was performed following staining with hematoxylin-eosin&#46; Immunofluorescence was not performed since clinically the lesions were papules or plaques consistent with insect bites&#46; In all 4 cases&#44; histologic examination revealed a perivascular and periadnexal interstitial inflammatory infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis composed of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and abundant eosinophils &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; The presence of malignant cells in the infiltrate was ruled out using fluorescence in-situ hybridization &#40;FISH&#41;&#59; no monoclonal rearrangement of lymphocytes was observed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients 1&#44; 2&#44; and 4 were treated with topical corticosteroid therapy alone&#44; with the addition of oral prednisone in patient 3&#46; The lesions disappeared within a few weeks&#46; In case 2&#44; resolution coincided with the start of specific chemotherapy&#46; The cutaneous lesions recurred in all of the patients with CLL over subsequent months&#46; The patient in Case 1 died a few months after onset of the cutaneous symptoms and progression of CLL was observed in the other 2 patients after the diagnosis of ED&#46; The patient with MF &#40;Case 4&#41; responded to topical corticosteroid therapy&#59; ED was not associated with a worse prognosis and the patient is currently stable&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This clinical entity was first described by Weed in 1965&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It was interpreted as an exaggerated hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in patients with CLL&#46; It was never possible to demonstrate whether or not a bite was necessary to trigger the process and&#44; after several nomenclatures in the intervening period&#44; it is now known as ED of hematologic malignancy&#44; a term that covers all the malignancies in which the condition has been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8</span></a> We found 34 publications under the older term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">exaggerated reaction to insect bites</span>&#44; most relating to isolated cases&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the most recent cases published with the new nomenclature&#46; This is a rare condition&#44; primarily associated with CLL&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5&#44;7&#44;8</span></a> although it has also been reported in association with other B-cell hematologic malignancies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;9&#8211;14</span></a> &#40;mantle cell lymphoma&#44; acute lymphoblastic leukemia&#44; large cell lymphoma&#44; multiple myeloma&#41;&#44; and with acute monocytic leukemia&#44; myelofibrosis&#44; and nonmalignant processes&#44; such as HIV infection and congenital agammaglobulinemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Although the eruption usually appears several years after the diagnosis of the malignancy&#44; cases have also been reported in which the condition developed before or at the same time as the malignancy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathogenesis of the condition is unknown&#44; but it has been suggested that the leukemic cells may cause an imbalance in cytokines&#44; which leads to increased interleukin &#40;IL&#41;-5 and ultimately to the proliferation of eosinophils&#46; Other authors have suggested that the patient&#39;s underlying immunodeficiency followed by an immune stimulus &#40;an insect bite&#44; drugs&#44; or a virus&#41; may trigger an altered immune response with overexpression of IL-5&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical presentation takes the form of pruritic papules or hive-like nodules reminiscent of arthropod bites&#46; Cases have also been reported involving true plaques of variable size and occasionally vesiculobullous lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> Lesions usually affect exposed and unexposed areas of the skin and occur predominantly on the limbs&#46; In many cases&#44; the cutaneous symptoms recur in situations in which insect bites would be unlikely&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristic histologic feature is the presence of an eosinophil-rich&#44; perivascular and periadnexal&#44; interstitial inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate&#44; which occasionally extends into the subcutaneous tissue&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The lymphocytic infiltrate is predominantly composed of T cells &#40;CD3&#43;&#44; CD43&#43;&#44; CD45RO<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#59; when B cells are present they form polyclonal aggregates&#46; No leukemic cells are observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;13</span></a> One case has been described in which FISH revealed the presence of malignant cells in the infiltrate of a biopsy from a patient with CLL&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> This did not occur in our patients&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2001&#44; Byrd et al&#46; proposed the set of diagnostic criteria shown in<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis includes leukemia cutis&#44; scabies&#44; toxicoderma&#44; hypersensitivity to insect bites&#44; early stages of blistering diseases such as bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis&#44; eosinophilic folliculitis&#44; and Wells syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; no relationship has been demonstrated between the onset of ED and the course of the underlying disease&#46; However&#44; a rapidly progressive course of CLL has been observed in some patients coinciding with the onset of ED&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;9&#44;11</span></a> In our series&#44; 3 of the 4 patients progressed to a more advanced stage of their hematologic disease&#44; and 1 patient died due to CLL a few months after onset of ED&#46; By contrast&#44; in another recently reported case&#44; a patient with CLL and recurrent ED remained stable for 45 months after initial onset of ED&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Thus&#44; the prognostic implications of ED in this setting are still unclear&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many treatments have been proposed&#44; but most are associated with partial response and frequent recurrence&#46; Improvement has been achieved with specific chemotherapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6</span></a> The condition is generally refractory to oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> although in our patients the latter were the treatment of choice&#46; The most effective and generally accepted treatment at the present time is oral corticosteroids at doses of 0&#46;5-1&#160;mg&#47;kg&#47;d&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This regimen achieves good initial results&#44; but relapse is common when the dose is reduced&#46; UVB phototherapy would appear to be a good choice of therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report 4 new cases of ED&#46; Three were associated with CLL &#40;the most common association reported in the literature&#41; and the onset of ED was associated with a poor prognosis&#46; The fourth case was associated with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma&#44; representing the first instance of this association reported in the literature&#46; After 7 years of follow-up and treatment with oral bexarotene&#44; the fourth patient has had no new outbreaks and remains stable&#46; The cutaneous manifestation are ordinary lesions resembling insect bites&#46; However&#44; in the case of patients with a history of hematologic malignancy&#44; the possibility of ED of hematologic malignancy should be considered and the patient should be closely monitored since&#44; while the relationship is not entirely clear&#44; the presence of ED may be an indication of progression of the underlying disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no private patient data are disclosed in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no private patient data are disclosed in this article&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Eosinophilic dermatosis"
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            0 => "Dermatosis eosinof&#237;lica"
            1 => "Leucemia linf&#225;tica cr&#243;nica"
            2 => "Micosis fungoide"
            3 => "Eosinofilia tisular"
            4 => "Picaduras"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermatosis characterized by tissue eosinophilia arising in the context of hematologic disease is known as eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy&#46; The most commonly associated malignancy is chronic lymphocytic leukemia&#46; Eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy is a rare condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations&#44; ranging from papules&#44; erythematous nodules&#44; or blisters that simulate arthropod bites&#44; to the formation of true plaques of differing sizes&#46; Histology reveals the presence of abundant eosinophils&#46; We present 4 new cases seen in Hospital Arnau de Vilanova&#44; Valencia&#44; during the past 7 years&#46; Three of these cases were associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 1 with mycosis fungoides&#46; It is important to recognize this dermatosis as it can indicate progression of the underlying disease&#44; as was the case in 3 of our patients&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La dermatosis caracterizada por eosinofilia tisular que aparece en el contexto de un trastorno hematol&#243;gico se conoce con el nombre de dermatosis eosinof&#237;lica asociada a proceso hematol&#243;gico&#44; siendo el m&#225;s frecuente de todos la leucemia linf&#225;tica cr&#243;nica&#46; Se trata de una entidad poco frecuente que tiene un amplio espectro morfol&#243;gico&#44; desde p&#225;pulas&#44; n&#243;dulos eritematosos o ampollas que simulan picaduras de artr&#243;podo hasta la formaci&#243;n de verdaderas placas de tama&#241;o variable y en las que la histolog&#237;a se caracteriza por la presencia de abundantes eosin&#243;filos&#46; Presentamos 4 nuevos casos diagnosticados en nuestro hospital en los &#250;ltimos 7 a&#241;os&#44; 3 de ellos asociados a una leucemia linf&#225;tica cr&#243;nica y un cuarto caso asociado a una micosis fungoide&#46; La importancia de conocer esta dermatosis radica en el hecho de que puede indicar una progresi&#243;n de la enfermedad de base&#44; y as&#237; fue en 3 de nuestros pacientes&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Lucas-Truyols S&#44; Rodrigo-Nicol&#225;s B&#44; Lloret-Ruiz C&#44; Quecedo-Est&#233;banez E&#46; Dermatosis eosinof&#237;licas asociadas a procesos hematol&#243;gicos&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2017&#59;108&#58;e39&#8211;e44&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Excoriated papules on back&#46; B&#44; Erythematous papules in a linear pattern&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Erythematous papules of different sizes&#44; some confluent&#46; B&#44; Poorly defined erythematous-violaceous plaques&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Hematoxylin-eosin&#40;&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&#46; Epidermis with mild spongiosis&#46; Mixed inflammatory infiltrate&#44; predominantly perivascular and periadnexal&#44; in the superficial dermis&#46; B&#44; Hematoxylin-eosin &#40;&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>400&#41;&#46; Eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate in the deep dermis&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; CLL&#44; chronic lymphocytic leukemia&#59; ED&#44; eosinophilic dermatosis&#59; LL&#44; lower limbs&#59; MF&#44; mycosis fungoides&#59; OC&#44; oral corticosteroid&#59; TC&#44; topical corticosteroid&#59; UL&#44; upper limbs&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&#44; years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Woman&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hematologic malignancy and stage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL IIB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL IA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL IB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MF IIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time elapsed since diagnosis of hematologic malignancy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 mo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Treatment for hematologic disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bexarotene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Skin lesions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Papules&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plaques&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Papules and plaques&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plaques&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Site&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Back&#47;UL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Face&#47;UL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Abdomen&#47;UL&#47;LL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Abdomen&#47;LL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Treatment of ED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>OC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Course of ED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Resolved&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Course of hematologic disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Death at 3 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression to IB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression to IIB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Treatment of the hematologic disease after diagnosis of ED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cyclophosphamide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Rituximab<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>chlorambucil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ibrutinib&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Continued on bexarotene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Characteristics of the Patients with Eosinophilic Dermatosis&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; CLL&#44; chronic lymphocytic leukemia&#59; CT&#44; chemotherapy&#59; ED&#44; eosinophilic dermatosis&#59; MALT&#44; mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue&#59; MF&#44; mycosis fungoides&#59; OC&#44; oral corticosteroid&#59; P&#44; patient&#59; TC&#44; topical corticosteroid</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hematologic Disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of Skin Lesion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Course and Treatment of ED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Course of Hematologic Disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mart&#237;nez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> &#40;2006&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>69 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Escoriated papules&#44; vesicles&#44; and blisters on back and limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Recurrent despite TC therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hidalgo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> &#40;2010&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>80 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Erythematous papules and nodules on limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Improvement with OC and antihistamine therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Farber et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#40;2012&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>73 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Erythematous papules and nodules on the face&#44; trunk&#44; and limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Resolved with CT&#46; Recurrence treated with OC&#44; doxycycline and antihistamines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chassine et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> &#40;2012&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 men<br>3 women<br>72-80 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 CLL<br>2 mantle cell lymphomas<br>1 MALT lymphoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Excoriated papules and plaques&#44; vesicles and pustules on the face&#44; trunk and limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">P1&#44; P2&#44; P4-P6&#58; Resolution with CT<br>P3&#58; spontaneous resolution<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">P1&#44; P2&#44; P6&#58; no progression<br>P3&#58; diagnosis of blood disease and death at 2 months<br>P4&#58; progression and death at 18 months<br>P5&#58; diagnosis of blood disease<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Two et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><br>&#40;2014&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>50 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Multiple myeloma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Blistering on limbs and trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Resolution with TC and CT<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Penn et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> &#40;2015&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>56 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Erythematous papules and vesicles on limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Several recurrent outbreaks treated with TC&#44; intralesional corticosteroids&#44; and CT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shin and Kim<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> &#40;2016&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>73 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cellulitis-like plaques on neck and blisters on limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">OC&#46; Several recurrences&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No progression in relation to relapses &#40;45 mo follow-up&#41;<br>Finally progression of the disease after 7 mo without relapse&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jayasekera et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> &#40;2016&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Man<br>51 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CLL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Papules&#44; erythematous plaques&#44; and vesicles on legs and dorsum of foot&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Initial response to dapsone Started CT and OC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Progression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Our cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 men<br>1 woman<br>53-86 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 CLL<br>1 mycosis fungoides&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Papules and plaques on the face&#44; trunk and limbs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">P1&#44; P2 and P3&#58; Relapses despite treatment with TC and OC<br>P4&#58; resolution after TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">P1&#58; death at 3 months<br>P2 and P3&#58; progression<br>P4&#58; no progression &#40;45 mo follow-up&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of Our Series With Cases Previously Reported in the Literature&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pruritic papules&#44; nodules and&#47;or vesiculobullous eruption refractory to standard treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eosinophil-rich lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Exclusion of other causes of tissue eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prior or subsequent diagnosis of hematologic malignancy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Dermatosis of Hematologic Malignancy&#46;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "References"
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Article information

ISSN: 15782190
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.adengl.2017.05.011

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	14	9	23
2024 October	137	57	194
2024 September	145	43	188
2024 August	184	103	287
2024 July	162	52	214
2024 June	151	51	202
2024 May	139	51	190
2024 April	118	26	144
2024 March	119	44	163
2024 February	114	47	161
2024 January	102	46	148
2023 December	89	33	122
2023 November	144	38	182
2023 October	131	32	163
2023 September	141	38	179
2023 August	122	33	155
2023 July	100	64	164
2023 June	109	25	134
2023 May	106	27	133
2023 April	112	26	138
2023 March	117	34	151
2023 February	90	43	133
2023 January	67	52	119
2022 December	80	35	115
2022 November	35	36	71
2022 October	47	25	72
2022 September	33	41	74
2022 August	31	48	79
2022 July	34	47	81
2022 June	49	24	73
2022 May	127	52	179
2022 April	126	71	197
2022 March	122	51	173
2022 February	131	43	174
2022 January	93	53	146
2021 December	95	46	141
2021 November	99	52	151
2021 October	121	86	207
2021 September	126	65	191
2021 August	116	60	176
2021 July	92	46	138
2021 June	96	40	136
2021 May	116	76	192
2021 April	274	94	368
2021 March	163	52	215
2021 February	137	56	193
2021 January	78	47	125
2020 December	74	56	130
2020 November	62	45	107
2020 October	60	30	90
2020 September	57	29	86
2020 August	66	34	100
2020 July	66	27	93
2020 June	51	46	97
2020 May	22	19	41
2020 April	24	17	41
2020 March	23	12	35
2020 February	5	2	7
2020 January	4	0	4
2019 December	9	0	9
2019 November	4	0	4
2019 September	7	0	7
2019 August	5	0	5
2019 July	7	0	7
2019 June	4	0	4
2019 May	7	1	8
2019 April	18	0	18
2019 March	1	0	1
2019 February	3	0	3
2019 January	8	0	8
2018 December	10	0	10
2018 November	14	0	14
2018 October	1	0	1
2018 September	5	0	5
2018 August	1	0	1
2018 May	1	0	1
2018 February	40	8	48
2018 January	58	7	65
2017 December	54	9	63
2017 November	44	10	54
2017 October	43	13	56
2017 September	51	20	71
2017 August	38	30	68
2017 July	75	26	101
2017 June	20	16	36

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