e- Case Report
Primary Angiomatoid Melanoma as an Exceptional Morphologic Pattern in Cutaneous Melanoma. A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Melanoma primario cutáneo angiomatoide. Un patrón morfológico excepcional en los melanomas de piel. Presentación de caso con revisión de la literatura
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Un patrón morfológico excepcional en los melanomas de piel. Presentación de caso con revisión de la literatura" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e13" "paginaFinal" => "e17" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Primary Angiomatoid Melanoma as an Exceptional Morphologic Pattern in Cutaneous Melanoma. A Case Report and Review of the Literature" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1347 "Ancho" => 1800 "Tamanyo" => 680942 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A. Imagen panorámica del melanoma angiomatoide (H-E ×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100). B y C. 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B, Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×200. C, Neurofilament immunohistochemistry. D, S100 immunohistochemistry.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "L. Padilla-España, J. del Boz-González, M. de Troya Martín" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Padilla-España" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "del Boz-González" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." 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A Case Report and Review of the Literature" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e13" "paginaFinal" => "e17" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "G. Ramos-Rodríguez, C. Ortiz-Hidalgo" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Ramos-Rodríguez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Ortiz-Hidalgo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "cortiz@abchospital.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Regional Lic. Adolfo López Mateos ISSSTE, México DF, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Patología Quirúrgica y Molecular, Centro Médico ABC, México DF, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Universidad Panamericana, México DF, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Melanoma primario cutáneo angiomatoide. Un patrón morfológico excepcional en los melanomas de piel. Presentación de caso con revisión de la literatura" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2254 "Ancho" => 3001 "Tamanyo" => 1223122 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Immunohistochemical staining with D2-40 (podoplanin). B, S-100 protein. C, MiTF-1 showing positive results for pseudovascular spaces. D, CD31 showing positive results only for small vessels (negative staining for pseudovascular spaces).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Melanoma has diverse morphologic forms. Among the most common forms are superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, desmoplastic melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Some of the rarer forms, which fall into the category of miscellaneous melanomas, are melanomas with rosettes, angiotropic melanoma, animal-type melanoma, myxoid melanoma, chondroid melanoma, osteogenic melanoma, rhabdoid melanoma, follicular melanoma, nevoid melanoma, and angiomatoid melanoma. Angiomatoid melanoma was first described in metaplastic melanomas with clusters of neoplastic cells reminiscent of vascular channels. Immunohistochemically, this variant of melanoma is negative for vascular markers and positive for melanocytic markers. The angiomatoid pattern has been described in just 4 cases of melanoma to date in the English literature. The differential diagnosis is with angiosarcoma and pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe a case of primary angiomatoid melanoma on the right thigh of a 59-year-old man, with no evidence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case Description</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 59-year-old man with a skin lesion on his right thigh. The patient reported that the lesion had been present for several months, but he did not specify the exact time. The clinical diagnosis was “probable hemangioma” and the lesion was completely excised. Histologic examination showed a nodular neoplastic lesion with infiltrating margins in the epidermis, extending into the reticular dermis. The neoplastic cells were medium to large in size and had pronounced pleomorphism, with several cells with irregular nuclei, granular chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm interspersed with smaller cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and amphophilic cytoplasm (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Also identified was dispersed melanic pigment that was positive with Fontana-Masson stain. There were 2 mitoses in 10 high-power fields (×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40). The most striking finding was the presence of large channels with a cavernous vascular appearance filled with erythrocytes and surrounded by neoplastic cells (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Immunohistochemical staining of the neoplastic cells was positive for S-100 protein, HMB-45, and MiTF-1, and uniformly negative for CD31 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs. 2 and 3</a>). The cells were also positive for D2-40 (podoplanin) and negative for keratin AE1 and AE3 and p63. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 5% to 10%. Based on the above findings, a diagnosis of angiomatoid nodular melanoma was established, with a Clark level of IV, a Breslow thickness of 1.35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm, absence of vertical growth phase, a moderate lymphocytic infiltrate at the base, no evidence of vascular or perineural invasion, or microsatellitosis, and tumor-free lateral and deep margins.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Comment</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alder et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> published the first description of angiomatoid melanoma in 1997. They reported the case of a 44-year-old man with melanoma metastasis to the forehead skin and sacral vertebra. The origin of the primary tumor was unknown. The metastasis on the forehead showed clusters of cells forming cavernous spaces containing numerous erythrocytes and lined by neoplastic cells that stained positive for HMB-45 and S-100 protein and negative for vascular markers. The authors proposed the name <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">angiomatoid melanoma</span> to describe this variant of melanoma. Three additional cases have since been reported<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pseudovascular spaces have been described in benign pigmented nevi, and attributed to artifacts of tissue processing or trauma during the biopsy procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Alterations in elastic fibers and/or collagen in the nevi could reduce the resistance of the dermis to the mechanical stress of the biopsy procedure, leading to the formation of these spaces.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a study of invasive uveal melanomas with pseudovascular spaces, Maniotis et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> demonstrated the absence of endothelial cells by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. They also demonstrated in vitro that metastatic melanoma cells and invasive uveal melanoma cells (unlike normal melanocytes or poorly differentiated melanomas) could generate this pseudovascular growth pattern, and proposed that melanoma cells might undergo genetic reversion to a pluripotent (embryonic-like) genotype. The authors also suggested that melanoma cells could generate pseudovascular changes that would facilitate tumor invasion independently of tumor angiogenesis.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 4 cases of angiomatoid (pseudovascular) melanoma reported to date have all been characterized by aggressive behavior. The case described herein is the second report of primary cutaneous melanoma with an angiomatoid pattern. The first case was reported by Baron et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in an 84-year-old man with a desmoplastic melanoma containing areas with an angiomatoid pattern. The melanoma was located in the periorbital region and had recurred several times. At the time of writing, our patient has shown no signs of metastasis.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis of angiomatoid melanoma must be confirmed by immunohistochemistry and identification of neoplastic cells with melanocytic markers. The histologic presentation of this variant of melanoma poses numerous challenges and can lead to erroneous pathologic diagnosis as it can be confused with angiosarcoma or pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1774123" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1558321" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1774122" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1558322" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case Description" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Comment" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-07-31" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-09-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1558321" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Angiomatoid melanoma" 1 => "Human Melanoma Black-45 (HMB-45)" 2 => "Protein S-100" 3 => "Angiosarcoma" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1558322" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Melanoma angiomatoide" 1 => "HMB-45" 2 => "Proteína S-100" 3 => "Angiosarcoma" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report a case of angiomatoid melanoma on the right thigh of a 59-year-old man. The histologic growth pattern of the tumor mimicked vascular proliferation, and the cells lining the pseudovascular spaces were positive for protein S-100, HMB-45, and MITF-1. The differential diagnosis is with angiosarcoma and pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma. The case we present is the fifth reported to date.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos un caso de melanoma angiomatoide localizado en la piel del muslo derecho en un hombre de 59 años de edad. La neoplasia mostró un patrón de crecimiento semejante a una proliferación vascular donde las células que revestían esos espacios “pseudovasculares” fueron positivas a la proteína S-100, al HMB45 y al MiTF1. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye el angiosarcoma y el carcinoma escamoso pseudovascular. El caso que aquí informamos es el quinto de la literatura mundial.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Ramos-Rodríguez G, Ortiz-Hidalgo C. Melanoma primario cutáneo angiomatoide. Un patrón morfológico excepcional en los melanomas de piel. Presentación de caso con revisión de la literatura. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:e13–e17.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2246 "Ancho" => 3001 "Tamanyo" => 1396797 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Panoramic view of angiomatoid melanoma (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×100). B and C, Higher-magnification view showing the pseudovascular spaces lined with neoplastic cells and numerous extravasated erythrocytes (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×200).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2001 "Ancho" => 3001 "Tamanyo" => 1031642 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Immunohistochemical staining with keratin AE1 and AE3 showing positive results in the epithelium and negative neoplastic cells. B, Immunohistochemical staining with HMB-45, with positivity for neoplastic cells and negativity for the epithelium.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2254 "Ancho" => 3001 "Tamanyo" => 1223122 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Immunohistochemical staining with D2-40 (podoplanin). B, S-100 protein. C, MiTF-1 showing positive results for pseudovascular spaces. D, CD31 showing positive results only for small vessels (negative staining for pseudovascular spaces).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age, y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Immunohistochemistry \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) Intravertebral (S1-S2)2) Forehead \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) Melanoma2) Angiomatoid metastatic melanoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, HMB-45<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, vimentin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>2) S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, HMB-45<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, vimentin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Periorbital region \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Desmoplastic and amelanotic melanoma with an angiomatoid pattern \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">S100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) Right arm2) Back (paravertebral muscles), lower left quadrant of the left breast, neck, subcutaneous tissue (right shoulder, psoas muscle, medial gluteus) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) Melanoma, Clark level III, Breslow thickness 1.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm2) Angiomatoid metastatic melanoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, Melan A<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, HMB-45<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>2) S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, HMB-45<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, Melan A<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, CD56<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) Third finger of the left hand2) Axillary lymph node \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) Acral lentiginous melanoma, Clark level III, Breslow thickness 0.55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm2) Angiomatoid metastatic melanoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1) S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>2) S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, CD56<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right thigh skin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Angiomatoid nodular melanoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">S-100<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, HMB 45<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, MiTF-1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>Keratin AE1/AE3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">–</span>, CD31<span class="elsevierStyleSup">–</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Current case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cases of Angiomatoid Melanoma in the Literature.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Morphologic diversity in malignant melanomas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.E. Nakhleh" 1 => "M.R. Wick" 2 => "A. Rocamora" 3 => "P.E. Swanson" 4 => "L.P. Dehner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/ajcp/93.6.731" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Pathol" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "731" "paginaFinal" => "740" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2346132" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Angiomatoid melanoma: A case of metastatic melanoma mimicking a vascular malignancy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.J. Adler" 1 => "J. Beckstead" 2 => "C.R. White Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00000372-199712000-00010" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Dermatopathol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "606" "paginaFinal" => "609" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9415619" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Angiomatoid melanoma: A novel pattern of differentiation in invasive periocular desmoplastic malignant melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Baron" 1 => "F. Monzon" 2 => "N. Galaria" 3 => "G. Murphy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1053/hupa.2000.21063" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hum Pathol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "1520" "paginaFinal" => "1522" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11150378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Angiomatoid metastatic melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.G. Zelger" 1 => "B. Zelger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30082.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatol Surg" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "336" "paginaFinal" => "340" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14871230" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identification of cells lining pseudovascular spaces of benign pigmented nevi" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Modlin" 1 => "C. Taylor" 2 => "B. Gottlieb" 3 => "T. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2024 October | 70 | 39 | 109 |
| 2024 September | 92 | 16 | 108 |
| 2024 August | 103 | 70 | 173 |
| 2024 July | 97 | 34 | 131 |
| 2024 June | 83 | 48 | 131 |
| 2024 May | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| 2024 April | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| 2024 March | 73 | 37 | 110 |
| 2024 February | 73 | 35 | 108 |
| 2024 January | 64 | 41 | 105 |
| 2023 December | 63 | 19 | 82 |
| 2023 November | 76 | 25 | 101 |
| 2023 October | 96 | 23 | 119 |
| 2023 September | 98 | 37 | 135 |
| 2023 August | 63 | 27 | 90 |
| 2023 July | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| 2023 June | 60 | 34 | 94 |
| 2023 May | 63 | 27 | 90 |
| 2023 April | 56 | 24 | 80 |
| 2023 March | 68 | 28 | 96 |
| 2023 February | 62 | 23 | 85 |
| 2023 January | 56 | 31 | 87 |
| 2022 December | 48 | 40 | 88 |
| 2022 November | 22 | 37 | 59 |
| 2022 October | 21 | 17 | 38 |
| 2022 September | 42 | 33 | 75 |
| 2022 August | 25 | 53 | 78 |
| 2022 July | 21 | 38 | 59 |
| 2022 June | 43 | 36 | 79 |
| 2022 May | 49 | 34 | 83 |
| 2022 April | 50 | 41 | 91 |
| 2022 March | 41 | 51 | 92 |
| 2022 February | 62 | 29 | 91 |
| 2022 January | 72 | 29 | 101 |
| 2021 December | 49 | 37 | 86 |
| 2021 November | 52 | 42 | 94 |
| 2021 October | 41 | 58 | 99 |
| 2021 September | 65 | 51 | 116 |
| 2021 August | 35 | 28 | 63 |
| 2021 July | 35 | 35 | 70 |
| 2021 June | 37 | 47 | 84 |
| 2021 May | 22 | 31 | 53 |
| 2021 April | 71 | 42 | 113 |
| 2021 March | 48 | 16 | 64 |
| 2021 February | 46 | 42 | 88 |
| 2021 January | 36 | 24 | 60 |
| 2020 December | 24 | 21 | 45 |
| 2020 November | 33 | 24 | 57 |
| 2020 October | 23 | 20 | 43 |
| 2020 September | 22 | 15 | 37 |
| 2020 August | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| 2020 July | 16 | 20 | 36 |
| 2020 June | 30 | 19 | 49 |
| 2020 May | 30 | 27 | 57 |
| 2020 April | 30 | 25 | 55 |
| 2020 March | 18 | 20 | 38 |
| 2020 February | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 December | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 September | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2019 August | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2019 June | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 22 | 22 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 March | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2019 February | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 October | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 September | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 August | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2018 July | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2018 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 February | 25 | 3 | 28 |
| 2018 January | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2017 December | 55 | 8 | 63 |
| 2017 November | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2017 October | 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 2017 September | 31 | 13 | 44 |
| 2017 August | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2017 July | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| 2017 June | 36 | 28 | 64 |
| 2017 May | 33 | 23 | 56 |
| 2017 April | 44 | 21 | 65 |
| 2017 March | 23 | 37 | 60 |
| 2017 February | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2017 January | 30 | 17 | 47 |
| 2016 December | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2016 November | 43 | 22 | 65 |
| 2016 October | 26 | 28 | 54 |
| 2016 September | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2016 August | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2016 July | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2016 June | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2016 May | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2016 April | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2016 March | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2016 February | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 2016 January | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2015 December | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2015 November | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2015 October | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2015 September | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2015 August | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2015 July | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2015 June | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2015 May | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2015 April | 0 | 7 | 7 |
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