Study of Frontal Hairline Patterns in Spanish Caucasian Women

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Ceballos, C. Priego, C. Méndez, M.V. Hoffner, M.J. García-Hernández, F.M. Camacho" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Ceballos" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "celiaceballoscauto@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Priego" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Méndez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.V." "apellidos" => "Hoffner" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "García-Hernández" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.M." "apellidos" => "Camacho" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Estudio de patrones de implantación pilosa frontal en la mujer española caucásica" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 987 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 200633 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distances between hairline points (<elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx1"></elsevierMultimedia> width of widow's peak, <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx2"></elsevierMultimedia> height of widow's peak; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx3"></elsevierMultimedia> widow's peak to mid-eyebrow; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx4"></elsevierMultimedia> widow's peak to right lateral mound; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx5"></elsevierMultimedia> right lateral mound to right temporal point; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx6"></elsevierMultimedia> widow's peak to right temporal point)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionFemale alopecia may be either androgenetic or nonandrogenetic. In women, the androgenetic form manifests with miniaturization of the hair shafts and gives rise to 2 different patterns of alopecia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> The first of these is female androgenetic alopecia, a pattern classified by both Ludwig<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> and Olsen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> and characterized by a decrease in the diameter of the hair shaft—a process also known as rarefaction—and by diffuse hair loss that results in a triangular, alopecic area at the front of the vertex, but not by changes in the anterior hairline. The second pattern is androgenetic alopecia in women mimicking male pattern baldness, which was classified into 5 types by Ebling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> This variant, characterized by thinning hair in the parietal and frontovertical scalp, is found in women with persistent adrenarche syndrome and ovarian or adrenal tumors. Occasionally, it develops after hysterectomy or forms part of age-related hair loss and it is differentiated from the female pattern in that the anterior hairline is affected.The male pattern variant results in a receding hairline in women just as it does in men. Therefore, we need data on the normal contour and structure of the hairline so that an aesthetically appropriate result can be achieved when surgical reconstruction is required. This information is also needed for the treatment of the growing number of patients presenting with frontal fibrosing alopecia and other stable scarring alopecias that affect the anterior hairline.Anterior hairline patterns and the different racial variants of alopecia in men were described many years ago<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">5–9</a>; however, the characteristics of natural female hairlines have not yet been determined. In 2009, Nusbaum and Fuentefria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> published the anterior hairline characteristics of 360 American women who were clients of hair salons. In 2011, Jung et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> identified 5 basic hairline shapes or patterns in 130 randomly selected Asian women.A limitation these studies share is that the authors failed to set selection criteria obliging them to ascertain whether the participants (both those assessed in hair salons<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> and those randomly selected<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a>) had any dermatological or hormonal disorder that might influence the hairline dimensions measured. Moreover, given the existence of anthropometric differences related to race, the results obtained in American or Asian women may not be applicable to a Spanish population.The aim of our study was to characterize the anterior hairline patterns of a sample of healthy white Spanish women aged between 18 and 45 years—focusing specifically on the frequency of occurrence of the widow's peak and the dimensions of the other structures that make up the hairline—and to determine the normal hormonal profile in this group. Furthermore, as increased sebum discharge is common in alopecia, we also measured the amount of oil secreted by normal white Spanish women and assessed skin hydration on the face and body.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective, descriptive, observational analysis of a group recruited from the clinical staff of our hospital. The study was carried out between January and June 2010.In total, 105 white Spanish women of childbearing age (18-45 years) were recruited prospectively from among the staff of our hospital. None of the participants had a concomitant systemic disease or clinical signs suggestive of underlying hormonal disorders (alopecia, acne, hirsutism, or menstrual disorders). We subsequently excluded 2 women who were 2 and 3 months pregnant, respectively, but who were unaware of their condition when they entered the study.In an oral interview we collected the following data: age, age at menarche, skin phototype, hair and eye color, known history of iron deficiency, oral contraceptive use, and smoking status.The following tests were performed on all the participants:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">1.Sebumetry: we measured skin surface sebum on the face (forehead) and body (flexor surface of the left forearm) with a sebumeter (Skin Diagnosis SD 27, Courage + Khazaka). The following normal values specified by the device manufacturer were accepted: 40 to 70μg/cm2 for the forehead and 0.00 to 3.00μg/cm2 for the arm.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">2.Corneometry: the hydration of the stratum corneum was determined on the forehead and arm using a corneometer (Skin Diagnosis SD 27, Courage + Khazaka). The manufacturer's normal values were 60 to 80 IU/cm2 for the forehead and 20.00 to 40.00 IU/cm2 for the arm.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">3.Photographs were obtained (full face and profile).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">4.In a physical assessment, the presence and dimensions of the diverse structures that form the anterior hairline were measured and recorded as follows: a) widow's peak (V-shaped structure at the center of the anterior hairline), including the dimensions of the peak (width and height in centimeters) and the distance between the tip of the peak and the mid-eyebrow point; b) left and right lateral mounds, and in participants who had a widow's peak as well as lateral mounds (on one or both sides), we measured the distance between the apex of the widow's peak and that of each of the mounds; c) left and right temporal points; d) the distance between the widow's peak and the temporal points, whenever possible; and e) the distance between the lateral mound and the temporal point on both sides of the head (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). All the measurements and photographs were obtained by the first 3 authors in accordance with the protocol established by the hospital's trichology unit.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">5.In a subgroup of 50 volunteers (98% physicians) who were not on contraceptives, the following hormonal, antigenic, and globulin profiles were assessed: follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, 17-β estradiol, Δ-4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, total and free testosterone, 5-α-dihydrotestosterone, prostate specific antigen, and sex hormone binding globulin. These tests were performed 3 to 5 days after the end of the menstrual cycle.</li></ul>ResultsWe recruited 103 healthy white Spanish women, of whom a subgroup of 50 participated in the hormone study. The mean age of the women was 29.72 years and the mean age at menarche was 12.34 years. Some 15.45% of the participants were smokers (mean number of cigarettes smoked per day, 10.39). The most prevalent characteristics of the group were skin phototype III (80.35%), brown hair (82.40%), and brown eyes (85.49%). Data on facial and body sebum and stratum corneum hydration for the 103 participants studied are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>A widow's peak was observed in 94.17% of the participants; this structure had a mean height of 1.01cm and a mean width of 2.13cm. Lateral mounds on both sides of the head were observed in all the women. The mean distances between the hairline structures are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The results of the hormone studies for the 50 women who were not taking oral contraceptives are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>; this subgroup had a mean age of 26.3 years.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>No statistically significant associations between hormone levels in plasma and the height or width of the widow's peak or the other dimensions studied were detected (Spearman's ρ; P>.05).DiscussionWith ever greater frequency, patients consulting their physician about hair and scalp health are interested in maintaining a healthy and youthful appearance. It may be possible to assist such patients by transplanting hair to achieve the appearance of greater density or to conceal areas of hair loss. It may even, occasionally, be possible to hide scars caused by scalp injury or surgery.Transplanted hair follicles should be distributed in a way that imitates the pattern that is natural in the healthy woman in the interest of achieving satisfactory results.While male hairline patterns were studied many years ago, the data for men cannot be extrapolated to women. In 2009, Nusbaum and Fuentefria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> published a pioneering study on natural female hairlines. While they determined the frequency, dimensions, and location of the structures that compose the hairline in 360 American female volunteers, they did not assess the clinical status of the participants (the study was carried out in hairdressing salons) or indicate whether the women were white, Hispanic, or of another ethnic group. The prevalence of the widow's peak was higher in our study (94% vs 81%). The widow's peaks in our sample also had greater height on average (1.01cm vs 0.83cm) and we measured greater distances between hairline structures: mean distance between the frontal midpoint and the mid-eyebrow, 5.89cm vs 5.5cm; mean distance between the frontal midpoint and the apex of the right lateral mound, 4.45cm vs 3.74cm; mean distance between the frontal midpoint and the apex of the left lateral mound, 4.40cm vs 3.97cm; and mean distance between the right lateral mound and the right temporal point, 4.83cm vs 3.78cm, and between the left lateral mound and the left temporal point, 4.54cm vs 3.51cm. These findings suggest that the contour of the anterior hairline in young, healthy white Spanish women tends to be more irregular than those previously characterized and that lateral mounds and widow's peaks are more pronounced. This difference could be racial in origin, but could also reflect the age difference between our participants (mean age, 29 years) and the group studied by Nusbaum and Fuentefria (mean age, 41 years), which included patients up to 70 years of age.Jung et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> also described anterior hairlines in women, but they studied an Asian population and focused on the contour of the hairline, classifying it into 5 shapes or patterns: round, M-shaped, rectangular, triangular, and bell-shaped. However, they did not record the presence or dimensions of the typical hairline structures. Although it is interesting to have data on how the hairline frames the face, this information is of limited use to the surgeon considering surgical repair of a hairline because it cannot be compared to data from other studies Moreover, in some diseases, such as frontal fibrosing alopecia, the hairline may retain a normal contour but the distance from the mid-eyebrow point is altered. In our study, the contour can be extrapolated from the dimensions of the various structures that make up the hairline.An interesting finding of the hormone study was the elevated mean concentration of 17-hydroxy-progesterone (1.39 ng/mL; range, 0.6-5.9 ng/mL), indicating the greater clearance of adrenal hormones characteristic of physical and intellectual activity. Also high considering that our participants were premenopausal was the mean concentration of prostate specific antigen (0.04 ng/mL; range, 0.02-0.08 ng/mL), a finding indicative of androgenetic activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,12</a> The relationship between all these markers requires more study along the same lines as ours but in other societal groups.ConclusionsIn a series of healthy white Spanish women of childbearing age, we studied the frequency and size of the widow's peak, the dimensions of the structures that make up the anterior hairline, and the distances between these points. We also assessed sebum content and stratum corneum hydration on the forehead and arm. We believe that this data is useful for the assessment, grading, and treatment of hairline recession caused by conditions such as female androgenetic alopecia occurring in a male pattern and certain forms of scarring alopecia, such as frontal fibrosing alopecia. Likewise, we believe it will help practitioners to achieve more acceptable cosmetic results when surgical reconstruction of the hairline is undertaken because the patient wishes to have an anterior hairline similar to that of other white Spanish women.Our data describe, for the first time, the shape and dimensions of the anterior hairline in young white Spanish women, a very homogeneous population in this respect. In the absence of broader population studies, this data can be used as a gold standard when surgical modification of the anterior hairline is required in a female patient. The differences between our findings and those of the few publications available may be related to differing racial and age profiles, and the possible presence of concomitant conditions in the American group. Similar studies are needed for other age groups in order to assess whether the hairline changes with age or with menopause, so that age-appropriate reconstruction can be achieved.The relationship observed between the dimensions of the widow's peak, the mean sebum and hydration values, and the hormonal (17-hydroxy-progesterone) and antigenic (prostate specific antigen) markers, could be due to unforeseen bias introduced by recruiting a sample of white Spanish women who were mainly physicians (98%). The participants were therefore working in an occupation that involves a certain degree of emotional and intellectual stress, which can be associated with higher adrenal androgen clearance rates.Further studies of these markers in other population groups would help detect the possible influence of hormonal changes on the distribution of the anterior hairline, sebum secretion, and stratum corneum hydration.Ethical DisclosuresProtection of human and animal subjectsThe authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation.Confidentiality of dataThe authors declare that this study was carried out in accordance with the protocols of their institution concerning the publication of patient data, and that all the participants included in the study were properly informed and gave their written informed consent to participation.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors obtained the informed consent of the patients and/or subjects referred to in this article. The signed forms are in the possession of the corresponding author.Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres104071" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Background" 2 => "Material and methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec91637" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres104072" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Introducción y objetivos" 2 => "Material y métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec91636" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2012-07-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2012-10-18" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec91637" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Anterior hairline" 1 => "White Spanish women" 2 => "Widow's peak" 3 => "Sebumetry" 4 => "Corneometry" 5 => "Adrenal hormones" 6 => "Hair transplantation" 7 => "Reconstruction of the anterior hairline" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec91636" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Implantación pilosa frontal" 1 => "Mujer española caucásica" 2 => "Pico de viuda" 3 => "Sebometría" 4 => "Corneometría" 5 => "Hormonas suprarrenales" 6 => "Trasplante de cabello" 7 => "Reconstrucción de la línea de implantación pilosa frontal" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundAnterior hairline measurements and their possible relationship with androgen levels, sebum production, and skin hydration have not been reported in white Spanish women. Material and methodsThis was a prospective descriptive and analytical observational study conducted on 103 healthy premenopausal white Spanish women recruited from the health staff of Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena in Seville, Spain. Measurements were made of anterior hairline implantation, sebum levels, and the degree of hydration of the stratum corneum. Androgen levels were also determined in 50 volunteers from this group 3 to 5 days after the end of the menstrual cycle. ResultsThe mean age of the women was 29.7 years. A widow's peak was observed in 94.17% of the group. The mean dimensions of the widow's peak were a height of 1.01 cm and width of 2.13 cm. The mean hormone levels were within normal limits for our hospital's laboratory with the exception of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, with a mean level of 1.39 ng/mL (range, 0.6-5.9ng/mL; normal limits, 0.15-1.10 ng/mL). The mean prostate specific antigen level was 0.04ng/mL (range 0.02-0.08ng/mL; normal limits, 0.00-0.02ng/mL). ConclusionsThe hairline measurements of the white Spanish women in this study differ from those reported in American women. Knowledge of this normal pattern of anterior hairline implantation can be important in the evaluation of women with female androgenetic alopecia with male pattern, frontal fibrosing alopecia, or other established scarring alopecia seeking a surgical solution by hair transplantation." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Introducción y objetivosLas medidas de la línea de implantación pilosa frontal de la mujer española caucásica no han sido descritas, y tampoco si existe relación entre estas medidas y los niveles hormonales androgénicos, producción sebácea e hidratación. Material y métodosEstudio observacional, prospectivo, descriptivo y analítico en 103 mujeres sanas españolas caucásicas premenopáusicas, pertenecientes a la plantilla sanitaria de nuestro hospital a las que se les midieron la línea de implantación pilosa frontal, los niveles de sebo y la hidratación de la capa córnea, y en 50 voluntarias de este grupo se les determinaron, además, los niveles hormonales androgénicos 3-5 días después de terminar la menstruación. ResultadosLa edad media de nuestras pacientes fue de 29,7 años. El pico de viuda se objetivó en 94.17% de las pacientes. Las dimensiones medias del pico de viuda en nuestro grupo fueron de 1,01cm de alto y 2,13cm de ancho. Los niveles medios hormonales fueron los que habitualmente consideramos como normales en el Laboratorio de nuestro hospital excepto la 17-hidroxi-progesterona que alcanzó valores medios de 1,39 ng/mL (rango: 0.6-5,9; N: 0.15-1,10). El PSA fue de 0.04 ng/mL (rango: 0.02-0.08; N: 0.00-0.02). ConclusionesLas medidas de las líneas de implantación pilosa frontal de la mujer caucásica española han sido distintas de las descritas para la mujer americana. El conocimiento de este patrón de distribución de la línea de implantación pilosa frontal normal puede ayudar en el caso de que la paciente con una alopecia androgenética femenina de patrón masculino, una alopecia frontal fibrosante u otra cicatricial ya estable, desee corregir quirúrgicamente su problema mediante trasplante capilar." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Ceballos C, et al. Estudio de patrones de implantación pilosa frontal en la mujer española caucásica. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:311–5." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 987 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 200633 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distances between hairline points (<elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx1"></elsevierMultimedia> width of widow's peak, <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx2"></elsevierMultimedia> height of widow's peak; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx3"></elsevierMultimedia> widow's peak to mid-eyebrow; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx4"></elsevierMultimedia> widow's peak to right lateral mound; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx5"></elsevierMultimedia> right lateral mound to right temporal point; <elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx6"></elsevierMultimedia> widow's peak to right temporal point)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal Range \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sebumetry, μg/cm2 (n=103) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Forehead: 14.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Face: 40.00-70.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Forearm F: 0.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Trunk and limbs: 0.00-3.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Corneometry, IU/cm2 (n=103) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Forehead: 34.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Face: 60.00-80.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Forearm: 30.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Trunk and limbs: 20.00-40.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab185628.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean Sebumetric and Corneometric Values and Normal Ranges." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hairline Structures and Measurements \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean, cm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Range, cm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak: width \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00-5.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak: height \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00-3.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak to mid-eyebrow \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.50-9.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak to left lateral mound \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.00-7.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak to right lateral mound \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.50-7.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left lateral mound to left temporal point \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.50-9.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right lateral mound to right temporal point \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.00-8.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak to left temporal point \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.00-10.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Widow's peak to right temporal point \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.60-10.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab185627.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean Distances Between Hairline Structures." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hormones \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Range \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Follicle-stimulating hormone, mIU/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2-9.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.00 to 13.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Luteinizing hormone, mIU/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5-18.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.00 to 18.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prolactin, μIU/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">216.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46-501 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.00-600.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17-β-estradiol, pg/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7-455 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.00-170.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17-OH-progesterone, ng/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.6-5.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.20-1.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5α-dihydrotestosterone, pg/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">352.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">119-654 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.00-368.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, μg/dL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">175.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41-390 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80.00-400.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total testosterone, nmol/L \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.6-3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.20-3.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Free testosterone, pg/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.13-4.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00-4.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Δ4-androstenedione, ng/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.2-5.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.50-3.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prostate specific antigen, ng/mL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.02-0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00-0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex hormone binding globulin, nM/L \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.44-162 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.00-130.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab185629.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean Hormone Levels and Normal Ranges." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hair Loss in Women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F.M. Camacho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.sder.2009.01.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Semin Cutan Med Surg" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "19" "paginaFinal" => "32" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19341939" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia (common baldness) occurring in the female sex" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E. Ludwig" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "247" "paginaFinal" => "254" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/921894" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Female pattern hair loss" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E.A. Olsen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "S70" "paginaFinal" => "S80" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11511856" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hair loss in women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F.M. Camacho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Handbook of hair in health and disease" "paginaInicial" => "70" "paginaFinal" => "97" "serieFecha" => "2012" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patterned loss hair in man. Types and incidence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.B. Hamilton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann NY Acad Sci" "fecha" => "1951" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "708" "paginaFinal" => "728" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14819896" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Male pattern baldness: Classification and incidence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "O.T. Norwood" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "South Med J" "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "1359" "paginaFinal" => "1365" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1188424" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Male-pattern alopecia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F.J. Ebling" 1 => "A. Rook" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Textbook of Dermatology" "paginaInicial" => "1588" "edicion" => "2nd ed." "serieFecha" => "1972" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Alopecie androgenetique. Editoriel" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P. Bouhanna" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Realites Therapeutiques en Dermato-Vénéréologie" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "7" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clínica de las alopecias. Clasificación general" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F. Camacho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Monogr Dermatol" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "33" "paginaFinal" => "72" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Naturally occurring female hairline patterns" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.P. Nusbaum" 1 => "S. Fuentefria" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01154.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatol Surg" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "907" "paginaFinal" => "913" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397668" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Classification of the female hairline and refined hairline correction techniques for Asian women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.H. Jung" 1 => "D.K. Rah" 2 => "I.S. 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Original Article

Study of Frontal Hairline Patterns in Spanish Caucasian Women

Estudio de patrones de implantación pilosa frontal en la mujer española caucásica

C. Ceballos

Corresponding author

celiaceballoscauto@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, C. Priego, C. Méndez, M.V. Hoffner, M.J. García-Hernández, F.M. Camacho

Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distances between hairline points &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx1"></elsevierMultimedia></span> width of widow&#39;s peak&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx2"></elsevierMultimedia></span> height of widow&#39;s peak&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx3"></elsevierMultimedia></span> widow&#39;s peak to mid-eyebrow&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx4"></elsevierMultimedia></span> widow&#39;s peak to right lateral mound&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx5"></elsevierMultimedia></span> right lateral mound to right temporal point&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx6"></elsevierMultimedia></span> widow&#39;s peak to right temporal point&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Female alopecia may be either androgenetic or nonandrogenetic&#46; In women&#44; the androgenetic form manifests with miniaturization of the hair shafts and gives rise to 2 different patterns of alopecia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The first of these is female androgenetic alopecia&#44; a pattern classified by both Ludwig<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and Olsen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and characterized by a decrease in the diameter of the hair shaft&#8212;a process also known as rarefaction&#8212;and by diffuse hair loss that results in a triangular&#44; alopecic area at the front of the vertex&#44; but not by changes in the anterior hairline&#46; The second pattern is androgenetic alopecia in women mimicking male pattern baldness&#44; which was classified into 5 types by Ebling&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This variant&#44; characterized by thinning hair in the parietal and frontovertical scalp&#44; is found in women with persistent adrenarche syndrome and ovarian or adrenal tumors&#46; Occasionally&#44; it develops after hysterectomy or forms part of age-related hair loss and it is differentiated from the female pattern in that the anterior hairline is affected&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The male pattern variant results in a receding hairline in women just as it does in men&#46; Therefore&#44; we need data on the normal contour and structure of the hairline so that an aesthetically appropriate result can be achieved when surgical reconstruction is required&#46; This information is also needed for the treatment of the growing number of patients presenting with frontal fibrosing alopecia and other stable scarring alopecias that affect the anterior hairline&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anterior hairline patterns and the different racial variants of alopecia in men were described many years ago<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;9</span></a>&#59; however&#44; the characteristics of natural female hairlines have not yet been determined&#46; In 2009&#44; Nusbaum and Fuentefria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> published the anterior hairline characteristics of 360 American women who were clients of hair salons&#46; In 2011&#44; Jung et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> identified 5 basic hairline shapes or patterns in 130 randomly selected Asian women&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A limitation these studies share is that the authors failed to set selection criteria obliging them to ascertain whether the participants &#40;both those assessed in hair salons<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and those randomly selected<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#41; had any dermatological or hormonal disorder that might influence the hairline dimensions measured&#46; Moreover&#44; given the existence of anthropometric differences related to race&#44; the results obtained in American or Asian women may not be applicable to a Spanish population&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of our study was to characterize the anterior hairline patterns of a sample of healthy white Spanish women aged between 18 and 45 years&#8212;focusing specifically on the frequency of occurrence of the widow&#39;s peak and the dimensions of the other structures that make up the hairline&#8212;and to determine the normal hormonal profile in this group&#46; Furthermore&#44; as increased sebum discharge is common in alopecia&#44; we also measured the amount of oil secreted by normal white Spanish women and assessed skin hydration on the face and body&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a prospective&#44; descriptive&#44; observational analysis of a group recruited from the clinical staff of our hospital&#46; The study was carried out between January and June 2010&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In total&#44; 105 white Spanish women of childbearing age &#40;18-45 years&#41; were recruited prospectively from among the staff of our hospital&#46; None of the participants had a concomitant systemic disease or clinical signs suggestive of underlying hormonal disorders &#40;alopecia&#44; acne&#44; hirsutism&#44; or menstrual disorders&#41;&#46; We subsequently excluded 2 women who were 2 and 3 months pregnant&#44; respectively&#44; but who were unaware of their condition when they entered the study&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In an oral interview we collected the following data&#58; age&#44; age at menarche&#44; skin phototype&#44; hair and eye color&#44; known history of iron deficiency&#44; oral contraceptive use&#44; and smoking status&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following tests were performed on all the participants&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sebumetry&#58; we measured skin surface sebum on the face &#40;forehead&#41; and body &#40;flexor surface of the left forearm&#41; with a sebumeter &#40;Skin Diagnosis SD 27&#44; Courage &#43; Khazaka&#41;&#46; The following normal values specified by the device manufacturer were accepted&#58; 40 to 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for the forehead and 0&#46;00 to 3&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;cm2 for the arm&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Corneometry&#58; the hydration of the stratum corneum was determined on the forehead and arm using a corneometer &#40;Skin Diagnosis SD 27&#44; Courage &#43; Khazaka&#41;&#46; The manufacturer&#39;s normal values were 60 to 80 IU&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for the forehead and 20&#46;00 to 40&#46;00 IU&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for the arm&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Photographs were obtained &#40;full face and profile&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a physical assessment&#44; the presence and dimensions of the diverse structures that form the anterior hairline were measured and recorded as follows&#58; a&#41; widow&#39;s peak &#40;V-shaped structure at the center of the anterior hairline&#41;&#44; including the dimensions of the peak &#40;width and height in centimeters&#41; and the distance between the tip of the peak and the mid-eyebrow point&#59; b&#41; left and right lateral mounds&#44; and in participants who had a widow&#39;s peak as well as lateral mounds &#40;on one or both sides&#41;&#44; we measured the distance between the apex of the widow&#39;s peak and that of each of the mounds&#59; c&#41; left and right temporal points&#59; d&#41; the distance between the widow&#39;s peak and the temporal points&#44; whenever possible&#59; and e&#41; the distance between the lateral mound and the temporal point on both sides of the head &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; All the measurements and photographs were obtained by the first 3 authors in accordance with the protocol established by the hospital&#39;s trichology unit&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a subgroup of 50 volunteers &#40;98&#37; physicians&#41; who were not on contraceptives&#44; the following hormonal&#44; antigenic&#44; and globulin profiles were assessed&#58; follicle-stimulating hormone&#44; luteinizing hormone&#44; prolactin&#44; 17-&#946; estradiol&#44; &#916;-4-androstenedione&#44; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate&#44; 17-hydroxyprogesterone&#44; total and free testosterone&#44; 5-&#945;-dihydrotestosterone&#44; prostate specific antigen&#44; and sex hormone binding globulin&#46; These tests were performed 3 to 5 days after the end of the menstrual cycle&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We recruited 103 healthy white Spanish women&#44; of whom a subgroup of 50 participated in the hormone study&#46; The mean age of the women was 29&#46;72 years and the mean age at menarche was 12&#46;34 years&#46; Some 15&#46;45&#37; of the participants were smokers &#40;mean number of cigarettes smoked per day&#44; 10&#46;39&#41;&#46; The most prevalent characteristics of the group were skin phototype III &#40;80&#46;35&#37;&#41;&#44; brown hair &#40;82&#46;40&#37;&#41;&#44; and brown eyes &#40;85&#46;49&#37;&#41;&#46; Data on facial and body sebum and stratum corneum hydration for the 103 participants studied are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A widow&#39;s peak was observed in 94&#46;17&#37; of the participants&#59; this structure had a mean height of 1&#46;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and a mean width of 2&#46;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; Lateral mounds on both sides of the head were observed in all the women&#46; The mean distances between the hairline structures are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the hormone studies for the 50 women who were not taking oral contraceptives are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#59; this subgroup had a mean age of 26&#46;3 years&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No statistically significant associations between hormone levels in plasma and the height or width of the widow&#39;s peak or the other dimensions studied were detected &#40;Spearman&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span>&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With ever greater frequency&#44; patients consulting their physician about hair and scalp health are interested in maintaining a healthy and youthful appearance&#46; It may be possible to assist such patients by transplanting hair to achieve the appearance of greater density or to conceal areas of hair loss&#46; It may even&#44; occasionally&#44; be possible to hide scars caused by scalp injury or surgery&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transplanted hair follicles should be distributed in a way that imitates the pattern that is natural in the healthy woman in the interest of achieving satisfactory results&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While male hairline patterns were studied many years ago&#44; the data for men cannot be extrapolated to women&#46; In 2009&#44; Nusbaum and Fuentefria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> published a pioneering study on natural female hairlines&#46; While they determined the frequency&#44; dimensions&#44; and location of the structures that compose the hairline in 360 American female volunteers&#44; they did not assess the clinical status of the participants &#40;the study was carried out in hairdressing salons&#41; or indicate whether the women were white&#44; Hispanic&#44; or of another ethnic group&#46; The prevalence of the widow&#39;s peak was higher in our study &#40;94&#37; vs 81&#37;&#41;&#46; The widow&#39;s peaks in our sample also had greater height on average &#40;1&#46;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm vs 0&#46;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; and we measured greater distances between hairline structures&#58; mean distance between the frontal midpoint and the mid-eyebrow&#44; 5&#46;89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm vs 5&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; mean distance between the frontal midpoint and the apex of the right lateral mound&#44; 4&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm vs 3&#46;74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; mean distance between the frontal midpoint and the apex of the left lateral mound&#44; 4&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm vs 3&#46;97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; and mean distance between the right lateral mound and the right temporal point&#44; 4&#46;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm vs 3&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; and between the left lateral mound and the left temporal point&#44; 4&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm vs 3&#46;51<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; These findings suggest that the contour of the anterior hairline in young&#44; healthy white Spanish women tends to be more irregular than those previously characterized and that lateral mounds and widow&#39;s peaks are more pronounced&#46; This difference could be racial in origin&#44; but could also reflect the age difference between our participants &#40;mean age&#44; 29 years&#41; and the group studied by Nusbaum and Fuentefria &#40;mean age&#44; 41 years&#41;&#44; which included patients up to 70 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jung et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> also described anterior hairlines in women&#44; but they studied an Asian population and focused on the contour of the hairline&#44; classifying it into 5 shapes or patterns&#58; round&#44; M-shaped&#44; rectangular&#44; triangular&#44; and bell-shaped&#46; However&#44; they did not record the presence or dimensions of the typical hairline structures&#46; Although it is interesting to have data on how the hairline frames the face&#44; this information is of limited use to the surgeon considering surgical repair of a hairline because it cannot be compared to data from other studies Moreover&#44; in some diseases&#44; such as frontal fibrosing alopecia&#44; the hairline may retain a normal contour but the distance from the mid-eyebrow point is altered&#46; In our study&#44; the contour can be extrapolated from the dimensions of the various structures that make up the hairline&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An interesting finding of the hormone study was the elevated mean concentration of 17-hydroxy-progesterone &#40;1&#46;39 ng&#47;mL&#59; range&#44; 0&#46;6-5&#46;9 ng&#47;mL&#41;&#44; indicating the greater clearance of adrenal hormones characteristic of physical and intellectual activity&#46; Also high considering that our participants were premenopausal was the mean concentration of prostate specific antigen &#40;0&#46;04 ng&#47;mL&#59; range&#44; 0&#46;02-0&#46;08 ng&#47;mL&#41;&#44; a finding indicative of androgenetic activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a> The relationship between all these markers requires more study along the same lines as ours but in other societal groups&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a series of healthy white Spanish women of childbearing age&#44; we studied the frequency and size of the widow&#39;s peak&#44; the dimensions of the structures that make up the anterior hairline&#44; and the distances between these points&#46; We also assessed sebum content and stratum corneum hydration on the forehead and arm&#46; We believe that this data is useful for the assessment&#44; grading&#44; and treatment of hairline recession caused by conditions such as female androgenetic alopecia occurring in a male pattern and certain forms of scarring alopecia&#44; such as frontal fibrosing alopecia&#46; Likewise&#44; we believe it will help practitioners to achieve more acceptable cosmetic results when surgical reconstruction of the hairline is undertaken because the patient wishes to have an anterior hairline similar to that of other white Spanish women&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our data describe&#44; for the first time&#44; the shape and dimensions of the anterior hairline in young white Spanish women&#44; a very homogeneous population in this respect&#46; In the absence of broader population studies&#44; this data can be used as a gold standard when surgical modification of the anterior hairline is required in a female patient&#46; The differences between our findings and those of the few publications available may be related to differing racial and age profiles&#44; and the possible presence of concomitant conditions in the American group&#46; Similar studies are needed for other age groups in order to assess whether the hairline changes with age or with menopause&#44; so that age-appropriate reconstruction can be achieved&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship observed between the dimensions of the widow&#39;s peak&#44; the mean sebum and hydration values&#44; and the hormonal &#40;17-hydroxy-progesterone&#41; and antigenic &#40;prostate specific antigen&#41; markers&#44; could be due to unforeseen bias introduced by recruiting a sample of white Spanish women who were mainly physicians &#40;98&#37;&#41;&#46; The participants were therefore working in an occupation that involves a certain degree of emotional and intellectual stress&#44; which can be associated with higher adrenal androgen clearance rates&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further studies of these markers in other population groups would help detect the possible influence of hormonal changes on the distribution of the anterior hairline&#44; sebum secretion&#44; and stratum corneum hydration&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that this study was carried out in accordance with the protocols of their institution concerning the publication of patient data&#44; and that all the participants included in the study were properly informed and gave their written informed consent to participation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained the informed consent of the patients and&#47;or subjects referred to in this article&#46; The signed forms are in the possession of the corresponding author&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anterior hairline measurements and their possible relationship with androgen levels&#44; sebum production&#44; and skin hydration have not been reported in white Spanish women&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a prospective descriptive and analytical observational study conducted on 103 healthy premenopausal white Spanish women recruited from the health staff of Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena in Seville&#44; Spain&#46; Measurements were made of anterior hairline implantation&#44; sebum levels&#44; and the degree of hydration of the stratum corneum&#46; Androgen levels were also determined in 50 volunteers from this group 3 to 5 days after the end of the menstrual cycle&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean age of the women was 29&#46;7 years&#46; A widow&#39;s peak was observed in 94&#46;17&#37; of the group&#46; The mean dimensions of the widow&#39;s peak were a height of 1&#46;01&#160;cm and width of 2&#46;13&#160;cm&#46; The mean hormone levels were within normal limits for our hospital&#39;s laboratory with the exception of 17-hydroxyprogesterone&#44; with a mean level of 1&#46;39 ng&#47;mL &#40;range&#44; 0&#46;6-5&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#59; normal limits&#44; 0&#46;15-1&#46;10&#160;ng&#47;mL&#41;&#46; The mean prostate specific antigen level was 0&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL &#40;range 0&#46;02-0&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#59; normal limits&#44; 0&#46;00-0&#46;02<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The hairline measurements of the white Spanish women in this study differ from those reported in American women&#46; Knowledge of this normal pattern of anterior hairline implantation can be important in the evaluation of women with female androgenetic alopecia with male pattern&#44; frontal fibrosing alopecia&#44; or other established scarring alopecia seeking a surgical solution by hair transplantation&#46;</p>"
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      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las medidas de la l&#237;nea de implantaci&#243;n pilosa frontal de la mujer espa&#241;ola cauc&#225;sica no han sido descritas&#44; y tampoco si existe relaci&#243;n entre estas medidas y los niveles hormonales androg&#233;nicos&#44; producci&#243;n seb&#225;cea e hidrataci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; prospectivo&#44; descriptivo y anal&#237;tico en 103 mujeres sanas espa&#241;olas cauc&#225;sicas premenop&#225;usicas&#44; pertenecientes a la plantilla sanitaria de nuestro hospital a las que se les midieron la l&#237;nea de implantaci&#243;n pilosa frontal&#44; los niveles de sebo y la hidrataci&#243;n de la capa c&#243;rnea&#44; y en 50 voluntarias de este grupo se les determinaron&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; los niveles hormonales androg&#233;nicos 3-5 d&#237;as despu&#233;s de terminar la menstruaci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La edad media de nuestras pacientes fue de 29&#44;7 a&#241;os&#46; El pico de viuda se objetiv&#243; en 94&#46;17&#37; de las pacientes&#46; Las dimensiones medias del pico de viuda en nuestro grupo fueron de 1&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de alto y 2&#44;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de ancho&#46; Los niveles medios hormonales fueron los que habitualmente consideramos como normales en el Laboratorio de nuestro hospital excepto la 17-hidroxi-progesterona que alcanz&#243; valores medios de 1&#44;39 ng&#47;mL &#40;rango&#58; 0&#46;6-5&#44;9&#59; N&#58; 0&#46;15-1&#44;10&#41;&#46; El PSA fue de 0&#46;04 ng&#47;mL &#40;rango&#58; 0&#46;02-0&#46;08&#59; N&#58; 0&#46;00-0&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las medidas de las l&#237;neas de implantaci&#243;n pilosa frontal de la mujer cauc&#225;sica espa&#241;ola han sido distintas de las descritas para la mujer americana&#46; El conocimiento de este patr&#243;n de distribuci&#243;n de la l&#237;nea de implantaci&#243;n pilosa frontal normal puede ayudar en el caso de que la paciente con una alopecia androgen&#233;tica femenina de patr&#243;n masculino&#44; una alopecia frontal fibrosante u otra cicatricial ya estable&#44; desee corregir quir&#250;rgicamente su problema mediante trasplante capilar&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Ceballos C&#44; et al&#46; Estudio de patrones de implantaci&#243;n pilosa frontal en la mujer espa&#241;ola cauc&#225;sica&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2013&#59;104&#58;311&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 987
            "Ancho" => 2167
            "Tamanyo" => 200633
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distances between hairline points &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx1"></elsevierMultimedia></span> width of widow&#39;s peak&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx2"></elsevierMultimedia></span> height of widow&#39;s peak&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx3"></elsevierMultimedia></span> widow&#39;s peak to mid-eyebrow&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx4"></elsevierMultimedia></span> widow&#39;s peak to right lateral mound&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx5"></elsevierMultimedia></span> right lateral mound to right temporal point&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleInlineFigure"><elsevierMultimedia class="elsevierStyleLink" ident="fx6"></elsevierMultimedia></span> widow&#39;s peak to right temporal point&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal Range&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sebumetry&#44; &#956;g&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>103&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forehead&#58; 14&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Face&#58; 40&#46;00-70&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forearm F&#58; 0&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trunk and limbs&#58; 0&#46;00-3&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Corneometry&#44; IU&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>103&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forehead&#58; 34&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Face&#58; 60&#46;00-80&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forearm&#58; 30&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trunk and limbs&#58; 20&#46;00-40&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab185628.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean Sebumetric and Corneometric Values and Normal Ranges&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hairline Structures and Measurements&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#44; cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Range&#44; cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak&#58; width&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00-5&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak&#58; height&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00-3&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak to mid-eyebrow&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;50-9&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak to left lateral mound&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;00-7&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak to right lateral mound&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;50-7&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left lateral mound to left temporal point&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;50-9&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Right lateral mound to right temporal point&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;00-8&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak to left temporal point&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;00-10&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Widow&#39;s peak to right temporal point&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;60-10&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab185627.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean Distances Between Hairline Structures&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hormones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Range&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Follicle-stimulating hormone&#44; mIU&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2-9&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;00 to 13&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Luteinizing hormone&#44; mIU&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5-18&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00 to 18&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prolactin&#44; &#956;IU&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">216&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46-501&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;00-600&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17-&#946;-estradiol&#44; pg&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7-455&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;00-170&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17-OH-progesterone&#44; ng&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;6-5&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;20-1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#945;-dihydrotestosterone&#44; pg&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">352&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119-654&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;00-368&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate&#44; &#956;g&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">175&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41-390&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;00-400&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total testosterone&#44; nmol&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;6-3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;20-3&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Free testosterone&#44; pg&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;13-4&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00-4&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916;4-androstenedione&#44; ng&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2-5&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;50-3&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prostate specific antigen&#44; ng&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;02-0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00-0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex hormone binding globulin&#44; nM&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;44-162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;00-130&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean Hormone Levels and Normal Ranges&#46;</p>"
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        0 => array:2 [
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                            0 => "F&#46;M&#46; Camacho"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.sder.2009.01.001"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia &#40;common baldness&#41; occurring in the female sex"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Ludwig"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "247"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/921894"
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                            0 => "E&#46;A&#46; Olsen"
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                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; Hamilton"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann NY Acad Sci"
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                            0 => "O&#46;T&#46; Norwood"
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "South Med J"
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Article information

ISSN: 15782190
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.009

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	26	11	37
2024 October	216	62	278
2024 September	223	61	284
2024 August	222	71	293
2024 July	238	51	289
2024 June	237	43	280
2024 May	210	47	257
2024 April	249	54	303
2024 March	300	60	360
2024 February	309	52	361
2024 January	336	45	381
2023 December	368	45	413
2023 November	370	52	422
2023 October	434	74	508
2023 September	390	42	432
2023 August	306	31	337
2023 July	382	59	441
2023 June	306	27	333
2023 May	290	41	331
2023 April	289	39	328
2023 March	256	32	288
2023 February	193	38	231
2023 January	192	39	231
2022 December	154	52	206
2022 November	40	28	68
2022 October	61	28	89
2022 September	48	44	92
2022 August	34	55	89
2022 July	39	55	94
2022 June	46	52	98
2022 May	254	44	298
2022 April	329	48	377
2022 March	347	60	407
2022 February	281	33	314
2022 January	359	34	393
2021 December	248	39	287
2021 November	272	52	324
2021 October	328	66	394
2021 September	242	40	282
2021 August	381	52	433
2021 July	306	47	353
2021 June	371	52	423
2021 May	352	53	405
2021 April	951	98	1049
2021 March	670	39	709
2021 February	437	39	476
2021 January	385	27	412
2020 December	317	20	337
2020 November	218	16	234
2020 October	182	17	199
2020 September	232	13	245
2020 August	135	16	151
2020 July	124	18	142
2020 June	114	23	137
2020 May	144	24	168
2020 April	78	17	95
2020 March	33	21	54
2020 February	2	3	5
2020 January	5	3	8
2019 December	8	8	16
2019 November	4	0	4
2019 October	0	3	3
2019 September	4	1	5
2019 August	4	2	6
2019 July	7	6	13
2019 June	1	1	2
2019 May	3	18	21
2019 April	0	1	1
2019 March	0	8	8
2019 February	2	0	2
2018 December	1	0	1
2018 November	1	0	1
2018 October	6	0	6
2018 September	2	0	2
2018 July	0	1	1
2018 June	0	4	4
2018 May	0	7	7
2018 April	0	1	1
2018 March	10	0	10
2018 February	152	10	162
2018 January	207	3	210
2017 December	199	11	210
2017 November	179	3	182
2017 October	216	7	223
2017 September	195	4	199
2017 August	237	5	242
2017 July	190	12	202
2017 June	216	19	235
2017 May	133	8	141
2017 April	86	15	101
2017 March	90	13	103
2017 February	190	16	206
2017 January	149	17	166
2016 December	149	9	158
2016 November	190	6	196
2016 October	288	20	308
2016 September	345	12	357
2016 August	319	14	333
2016 July	153	10	163
2016 June	9	16	25
2016 May	7	9	16
2016 April	7	6	13
2016 March	8	8	16
2016 February	6	8	14
2016 January	3	9	12
2015 December	6	7	13
2015 November	56	1	57
2015 October	76	2	78
2015 September	82	2	84
2015 August	20	2	22
2015 July	273	112	385
2015 June	182	19	201
2015 May	222	27	249
2015 April	165	3	168
2015 March	220	6	226
2015 February	229	2	231
2015 January	131	7	138
2014 December	131	13	144
2014 November	117	4	121
2014 October	174	13	187
2014 September	137	7	144
2014 August	124	6	130
2014 July	114	8	122
2014 June	120	4	124
2014 May	109	7	116
2014 April	112	12	124
2014 March	85	10	95
2014 February	73	8	81
2014 January	65	14	79
2013 December	56	11	67
2013 November	42	10	52
2013 October	27	2	29
2013 September	22	4	26
2013 August	28	14	42
2013 July	16	8	24
2013 June	13	5	18
2013 May	9	5	14

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