Letter to the Editor
Pigmented Fungiform Papillae of the Tongue in Laugier Disease (or Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome)
Pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales en la enfermedad de Laugier (o síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker)
Dermatologists in private practice, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M.C. Montis-Palos, E. Acebo-Mariñas, B. Catón-Santarén, R. Soloeta-Arechavala" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.C." "apellidos" => "Montis-Palos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Acebo-Mariñas" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Catón-Santarén" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." 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Urbina, E. Sudy" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Urbina" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fcourbina@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Sudy" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Dermatologists in private practice, Santiago de Chile, Chile" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales en la enfermedad de Laugier (o síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker)" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We read with interest the case and research letter by Marcoval et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> regarding 2 cases of pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue. We were surprised that the letter did not mention Laugier disease (or Laugier-Hunziker syndrome), an entity characterized by essential cutaneous and mucosal pigmentation, originally described on the lips and oral mucosa and, at times, associated with longitudinal melanonychia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1998, we reported 9 cases of Laugier disease, in 1 man and 8 women.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Two of the women presented punctate pigmentation of the tongue identical to the cases reported by Marcoval et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> One of these patients also had hyperpigmented lesions affecting the oral mucosa, gums, labia menora, and nails. The other presented pigmentation of the lips, gums, oral mucosa, and lateral nail folds on some fingers.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have found reports of other similar cases described as Laugier-Hunziker syndrome; these patients presented punctate pigmentation of the lingual papillae as described by Marcoval et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in association with pigmentation of the nails,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> the lower lip and the toes and fingers,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and in one case the oral mucosa, the lips, and the nails.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> We believe that all of these case reports, including that of Marcoval et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> correspond to the same process—hyperpigmentation of unknown etiology affecting the lips, oral mucosa, tongue (fungiform papillae), nails, genitals, and perhaps other areas in a variety of ways, in combination or alone.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After we reported our series as Laugier disease, we were criticized for omitting Hunziker from the eponymous name.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Our use of the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Laugier disease</span> followed the example of French authors, who preferred this name to that of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">idiopathic pigmentation of the mucosa</span>, a term that does not include the involvement of the nails. Another reason for our choice was that, in several published reports, the process was considered to be Laugier-Hunziker syndrome only when pigmentation of the oral mucosa was associated with longitudinal melanonychia, a distinction that gave rise to some confusion.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In response to the criticism, we put forward our view of what the process should be called when new reports appeared of combined involvement of the oral mucosa and the nails, and in the case of similar lesions affecting the genitals, conjunctiva, larynx, or esophagus as well as other combinations of pigmentation and even isolated lesions affecting only the nails or only a mucosal membrane.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Shortly thereafter, in line with our reasoning concerning variations of the earlier descriptions, a report was published of a case involving the oral mucosa, lip, palate, palm, and esophagus in which the authors referred to the process as Laugier-Hunziker syndrome associated with esophageal melanocytosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This was the first description of such a combination. Histologic study of biopsy specimens showed acanthosis and basal pigmentation in the esophagus, on the lip and on the palms. Three years earlier, a case had been reported of a patient with pigmented lesions on the lips and oral mucosa associated with pigmentation of several fingers, the eyebrows, and the heels. The title of that article described the case as Laugier-Hunziker syndrome with atypical features and the authors reported that they had considered the possibility of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, albeit incomplete because of the absence of intestinal polyposis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, several different idiopathic pigmentation disorders of the skin, nails, oral mucosa, and genitals exist, and a variety of names have been used to denominate them. Because of the large number of names used, all probably referring to the same entity, we approve of the proposal by Seoane et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> that this condition be called <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">essential mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation.</span> However, as this term encompasses the idea of concurrent involvement of the skin and mucous membranes, which—as we have shown—is extremely variable, we consider that the designation should be <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">essential cutaneous and/or mucosal hyperpigmentation</span> or even <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">essential melanin pigmentation of the skin, mucous membranes, or nails</span>. This last designation reflects the melanocytic origin of the condition and the variable involvement in a more detailed and well-defined way; it could also be rendered simply as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">essential melanin pigmentation</span> (of Laugier-Hunziker if you will), a name that would do justice to the initial description.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The condition is not as rare as it was thought and we believe that its incidence is influenced by a certain racial predisposition in which some unknown factor triggers the appearance of lesions by way of an increase in the synthesis of melanosomes, with idiosyncratic involvement of a variety of sites which, for unknown reasons, are more susceptible to this condition and vary from case to case.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The principal histologic features are hyperpigmentation of the basal layer without increased melanocytes, associated with acanthosis and the presence of melanophages, and a variable chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As this is not a disease or a syndrome, to facilitate naming the entity, some form of eponym will probably come to predominate over the long term.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Urbina F, Sudy E. Pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales en la enfermedad de Laugier (o síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker). Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:173-4.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales. A propósito de dos casos" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Marcoval" 1 => "J. Notario" 2 => "S. Martín-Sala" 3 => "I. 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Varela" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Piel" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "14" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "328" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "¿Enfermedad de Laugier o Laugier-Hunziker?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Urbina" 1 => "E. Sudy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Piel" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "14" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "328" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A Laugier-Hunziker syndrome associated with esophageal melanocytosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "O. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2024 October | 76 | 40 | 116 |
| 2024 September | 89 | 25 | 114 |
| 2024 August | 103 | 59 | 162 |
| 2024 July | 86 | 37 | 123 |
| 2024 June | 97 | 28 | 125 |
| 2024 May | 61 | 37 | 98 |
| 2024 April | 64 | 20 | 84 |
| 2024 March | 64 | 31 | 95 |
| 2024 February | 40 | 29 | 69 |
| 2024 January | 38 | 35 | 73 |
| 2023 December | 53 | 18 | 71 |
| 2023 November | 59 | 31 | 90 |
| 2023 October | 63 | 22 | 85 |
| 2023 September | 65 | 22 | 87 |
| 2023 August | 48 | 19 | 67 |
| 2023 July | 53 | 31 | 84 |
| 2023 June | 85 | 30 | 115 |
| 2023 May | 67 | 28 | 95 |
| 2023 April | 40 | 27 | 67 |
| 2023 March | 43 | 39 | 82 |
| 2023 February | 37 | 15 | 52 |
| 2023 January | 35 | 33 | 68 |
| 2022 December | 47 | 33 | 80 |
| 2022 November | 23 | 23 | 46 |
| 2022 October | 26 | 32 | 58 |
| 2022 September | 17 | 32 | 49 |
| 2022 August | 24 | 26 | 50 |
| 2022 July | 23 | 39 | 62 |
| 2022 June | 26 | 30 | 56 |
| 2022 May | 36 | 39 | 75 |
| 2022 April | 39 | 22 | 61 |
| 2022 March | 41 | 41 | 82 |
| 2022 February | 36 | 31 | 67 |
| 2022 January | 21 | 31 | 52 |
| 2021 December | 25 | 48 | 73 |
| 2021 November | 38 | 49 | 87 |
| 2021 October | 34 | 42 | 76 |
| 2021 September | 35 | 40 | 75 |
| 2021 August | 39 | 35 | 74 |
| 2021 July | 40 | 29 | 69 |
| 2021 June | 29 | 25 | 54 |
| 2021 May | 43 | 31 | 74 |
| 2021 April | 95 | 65 | 160 |
| 2021 March | 70 | 25 | 95 |
| 2021 February | 83 | 22 | 105 |
| 2021 January | 58 | 28 | 86 |
| 2020 December | 26 | 21 | 47 |
| 2020 November | 35 | 18 | 53 |
| 2020 October | 34 | 8 | 42 |
| 2020 September | 35 | 4 | 39 |
| 2020 August | 45 | 24 | 69 |
| 2020 July | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2020 June | 46 | 25 | 71 |
| 2020 May | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2020 April | 27 | 32 | 59 |
| 2020 March | 35 | 21 | 56 |
| 2020 February | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2019 December | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2019 June | 2 | 12 | 14 |
| 2019 May | 1 | 27 | 28 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 March | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2019 February | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 December | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2018 November | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 October | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2018 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 March | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2018 February | 27 | 4 | 31 |
| 2018 January | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2017 December | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2017 November | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2017 October | 28 | 4 | 32 |
| 2017 September | 31 | 10 | 41 |
| 2017 August | 57 | 22 | 79 |
| 2017 July | 66 | 9 | 75 |
| 2017 June | 36 | 27 | 63 |
| 2017 May | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2017 April | 34 | 15 | 49 |
| 2017 March | 20 | 24 | 44 |
| 2017 February | 28 | 9 | 37 |
| 2017 January | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2016 December | 33 | 12 | 45 |
| 2016 November | 36 | 10 | 46 |
| 2016 October | 47 | 26 | 73 |
| 2016 September | 46 | 17 | 63 |
| 2016 August | 45 | 20 | 65 |
| 2016 July | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2016 June | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2016 May | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2016 April | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2016 February | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2016 January | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2015 December | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2015 November | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2015 October | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2015 September | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2015 August | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2015 July | 51 | 13 | 64 |
| 2015 June | 52 | 7 | 59 |
| 2015 May | 75 | 14 | 89 |
| 2015 April | 57 | 10 | 67 |
| 2015 March | 50 | 9 | 59 |
| 2015 February | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2015 January | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2014 December | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2014 November | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2014 October | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2014 September | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2014 August | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2014 July | 24 | 6 | 30 |
| 2014 June | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2014 May | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2014 April | 31 | 6 | 37 |
| 2014 March | 30 | 9 | 39 |
| 2014 February | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2014 January | 24 | 9 | 33 |
| 2013 December | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2013 November | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2013 October | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2013 September | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2013 August | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2013 July | 5 | 23 | 28 |
| 2013 June | 4 | 21 | 25 |
| 2013 May | 3 | 17 | 20 |
| 2013 April | 7 | 32 | 39 |
| 2013 March | 9 | 7 | 16 |
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