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Dermatophytoses Due to Anthropophilic Fungi in Cadiz, Spain, Between 1997 and 2008
Dermatofitosis por hongos antropofílicos en Cádiz (1997-2008)
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Valerón-Almazán, L. Dehesa-García, J. Vilar-Alejo, J. Domínguez-Silva, J. Gómez-Duaso, G. Carretero-Hernández" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Valerón-Almazán" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Dehesa-García" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Vilar-Alejo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Domínguez-Silva" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Duaso" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Carretero-Hernández" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219010706223?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010100000003/v1_201304241518/S1578219010706223/v1_201304241518/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Dermatophytoses Due to Anthropophilic Fungi in Cadiz, Spain, Between 1997 and 2008" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "242" "paginaFinal" => "247" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "P. García-Martos, L. García-Agudo, E. Agudo-Pérez, F. Gil de Sola, M. Linares" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "García-Martos" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "pigiem1983@yahoo.com.ar" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "García-Agudo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Agudo-Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Gil de Sola" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Linares" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Distrito de Atención Primaria Sierra de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Enfermería, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatofitosis por hongos antropofílicos en Cádiz (1997-2008)" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-06-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2009-09-09" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84721" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Mycosis" 1 => "Dermatophytosis" 2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span>" 3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton violaceum</span>" 4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton tonsurans</span>" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84720" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Micosis" 1 => "Dermatofitosis" 2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span>" 3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton violaceum</span>" 4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton tonsurans</span>" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and objectives</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous fungal infections are a major public health problem. The distribution of the dermatophytoses varies between countries and geographical areas. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, epidemiology, etiology, and clinical course of the dermatophytoses caused by anthropophilic fungi in Cadiz, Spain, over the past 12 years.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study, conducted between 1997 and 2008, included 2235 samples from lesions of the skin, hair, and nails of 2220 patients with a clinical suspicion of mycosis. Samples were examined by microscopy using potassium hydroxide and were cultured on mycological media. The dermatophytes were identified by their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cultures were positive in 283 cases (12.7%). Anthropophilic dermatophytes (53.3%) were more common than zoophilic (41.3%) and geophilic (5.3%) dermatophytes. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span> (38.2%) was the predominant pathogen isolated, followed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span> (22.3%) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</span> (15.5%). Five other species of anthropophilic fungi were identified: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton tonsurans</span> (5.6%), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton violaceum</span> (4.9%), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epidermophyton floccosum</span> (2.8%), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton soudanense</span> (1.0%), and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton schoenleinii</span> (0.7%). Infections caused by the anthropophilic fungi included tinea unguium (29.1%), tinea corporis (25.8%), tinea pedis (19.2%), tinea cruris (11.9%), tinea capitis (5.3%), and tinea faciei (3.3%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The principal fungus responsible for dermatomycosis in Cadiz was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. rubrum,</span> and its incidence has been rising since 2000. The prevalence of other anthropophilic fungi, such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. tonsurans</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. violaceum</span>, has increased, though this is not directly related to immigration. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E. floccosum</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. soudanense</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. schoenleinii</span> are isolated occasionally.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción y objetivos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las infecciones cutáneas producidas por hongos constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. La distribución de las dermatofitosis varía en diferentes países y áreas geográficas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la epidemiología, etiología y evolución de las dermatofitosis por hongos antropofílicos en Cádiz durante los últimos 12 años.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio se realizó de 1997-2008 sobre 2.235 muestras de lesiones de piel, pelo y uñas de 2.220 pacientes con sospecha clínica de micosis. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante examen microscópico con hidróxido potásico y cultivo en medios micológicos. Los dermatofitos se identificaron de acuerdo con las características macroscópicas y microscópicas.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cultivo fue positivo en 283 muestras (12,7%). Los dermatofitos antropofílicos (53,3%) predominaron sobre los zoofílicos (41,3%) y geofílicos (5,3%). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span> (38,2%) fue el patógeno más frecuente, seguido de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span> (22,3%) y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</span> (15,5%). Se identificaron otras cinco especies de hongos antropofílicos: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. tonsurans</span> (5,6%), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. violaceum</span> (4,9%), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epidermophyton floccosum</span> (2,8%), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. soudanense</span> (1,0%) y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. schoenleinii</span> (0,7%). Las infecciones por hongos antropofílicos fueron onicomicosis (29,1%), tiña corporal (25,8%), tiña del pie (19,2%), tiña crural (11,9%), tiña del cuero cabelludo (5,3%) y tiña facial (3,3%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El principal responsable de dermatofitosis en Cádiz es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span>. Su incidencia es ascendente desde el año 2000. Otros hongos antropofílicos como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. tonsurans</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. violaceum</span> son cada vez más prevalentes, aunque no están directamente relacionados con la inmigración. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epidermophyton floccosum</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. soudanense</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. schoenleinii</span> se aíslan ocasionalmente.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B. Havlickova" 1 => "V.A. Czaika" 2 => "M. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 11 | 14 |
| 2024 October | 63 | 44 | 107 |
| 2024 September | 55 | 15 | 70 |
| 2024 August | 90 | 45 | 135 |
| 2024 July | 66 | 29 | 95 |
| 2024 June | 62 | 33 | 95 |
| 2024 May | 56 | 32 | 88 |
| 2024 April | 54 | 28 | 82 |
| 2024 March | 55 | 35 | 90 |
| 2024 February | 55 | 29 | 84 |
| 2024 January | 43 | 31 | 74 |
| 2023 December | 41 | 36 | 77 |
| 2023 November | 57 | 29 | 86 |
| 2023 October | 35 | 32 | 67 |
| 2023 September | 37 | 31 | 68 |
| 2023 August | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2023 July | 34 | 36 | 70 |
| 2023 June | 47 | 35 | 82 |
| 2023 May | 37 | 22 | 59 |
| 2023 April | 33 | 21 | 54 |
| 2023 March | 35 | 20 | 55 |
| 2023 February | 49 | 17 | 66 |
| 2023 January | 29 | 26 | 55 |
| 2022 December | 34 | 45 | 79 |
| 2022 November | 17 | 31 | 48 |
| 2022 October | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2022 September | 19 | 40 | 59 |
| 2022 August | 17 | 31 | 48 |
| 2022 July | 15 | 34 | 49 |
| 2022 June | 24 | 24 | 48 |
| 2022 May | 25 | 41 | 66 |
| 2022 April | 25 | 33 | 58 |
| 2022 March | 35 | 55 | 90 |
| 2022 February | 20 | 36 | 56 |
| 2022 January | 14 | 41 | 55 |
| 2021 December | 21 | 46 | 67 |
| 2021 November | 24 | 42 | 66 |
| 2021 October | 33 | 63 | 96 |
| 2021 September | 31 | 53 | 84 |
| 2021 August | 27 | 34 | 61 |
| 2021 July | 23 | 33 | 56 |
| 2021 June | 20 | 33 | 53 |
| 2021 May | 23 | 32 | 55 |
| 2021 April | 34 | 48 | 82 |
| 2021 March | 52 | 14 | 66 |
| 2021 February | 73 | 32 | 105 |
| 2021 January | 35 | 15 | 50 |
| 2020 December | 25 | 14 | 39 |
| 2020 November | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2020 October | 12 | 22 | 34 |
| 2020 September | 32 | 16 | 48 |
| 2020 August | 19 | 16 | 35 |
| 2020 July | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2020 June | 24 | 26 | 50 |
| 2020 May | 26 | 24 | 50 |
| 2020 April | 28 | 16 | 44 |
| 2020 March | 25 | 22 | 47 |
| 2020 February | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 August | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 44 | 44 |
| 2019 March | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 February | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2018 May | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 April | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2018 February | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2018 January | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2017 December | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2017 November | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2017 October | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2017 September | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2017 August | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2017 July | 33 | 5 | 38 |
| 2017 June | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| 2017 May | 25 | 14 | 39 |
| 2017 April | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2017 March | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2017 February | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2017 January | 15 | 3 | 18 |
| 2016 December | 36 | 7 | 43 |
| 2016 November | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2016 October | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2016 September | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2016 August | 32 | 5 | 37 |
| 2016 July | 24 | 3 | 27 |
| 2016 June | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2016 May | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2016 April | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2016 February | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2016 January | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2015 December | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2015 November | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2015 October | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2015 September | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| 2015 August | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2015 July | 45 | 4 | 49 |
| 2015 June | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| 2015 May | 54 | 15 | 69 |
| 2015 April | 56 | 11 | 67 |
| 2015 March | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2015 February | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2015 January | 18 | 5 | 23 |
| 2014 December | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2014 November | 20 | 6 | 26 |
| 2014 October | 34 | 13 | 47 |
| 2014 September | 24 | 10 | 34 |
| 2014 August | 30 | 11 | 41 |
| 2014 July | 32 | 22 | 54 |
| 2014 June | 37 | 9 | 46 |
| 2014 May | 32 | 14 | 46 |
| 2014 April | 43 | 12 | 55 |
| 2014 March | 49 | 11 | 60 |
| 2014 February | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2014 January | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2013 December | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2013 November | 24 | 18 | 42 |
| 2013 October | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2013 September | 31 | 25 | 56 |
| 2013 August | 35 | 17 | 52 |
| 2013 July | 30 | 35 | 65 |
| 2013 June | 26 | 19 | 45 |
| 2013 May | 19 | 10 | 29 |
| 2013 April | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2013 March | 21 | 23 | 44 |
| 2013 February | 13 | 10 | 23 |
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