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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; es una enfermedad autoinmune multifactorial caracterizada por la p&#233;rdida no cicatricial del cabello y la conservaci&#243;n de los fol&#237;culos pilosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La AA suele ser recurrente o persistente&#44; especialmente cuando la p&#233;rdida de cabello es extensa&#46; La p&#233;rdida de cabello adoptar&#225; la forma de &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 placas redondeadas u ovaladas bien delimitadas&#46; La AA afectar&#225; al cuero cabelludo o al cuerpo&#46; Si la AA compromete todo el cuero cabelludo se conoce como AA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">totalis</span>&#44; y si compromete todo el cuerpo&#44; se denomina AA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">universalis</span>&#46; Las afecciones que com&#250;nmente se asocian a la AA son el asma&#44; la rinitis al&#233;rgica&#44; la dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; la enfermedad tiroidea y las enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; como la tiroiditis y el vit&#237;ligo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La AA afecta a casi el 2&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n mundial en alg&#250;n momento de la vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Se calcula que la prevalencia aproximada de la enfermedad oscila entre el 0&#44;1 y el 0&#44;2&#37;&#44; con una edad media de aparici&#243;n de 31&#44;5 a&#241;os en los varones y de 36&#44;2 a&#241;os en las mujeres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En los EE&#46; UU&#46;&#44; la tasa de incidencia estimada de la AA es de 20&#44;9 por 100&#46;000 personas&#47;a&#241;o&#44; con una tasa de incidencia acumulada a lo largo de la vida de 2&#44;1&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos sobre la AA en Latinoam&#233;rica son escasos&#44; con tasas de prevalencia que oscilan entre el 0&#44;2 y el 3&#44;8&#37; dependiendo de los centros dermatol&#243;gicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No existe una predisposici&#243;n determinada por edad o raza&#44; con resultados contradictorios en cuanto a la predisposici&#243;n por sexo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; La carga de enfermedad estimada por el estudio de carga global de enfermedad &#40;GBD&#41; de 2019 es de 3580 &#40;2296-5371&#41; a&#241;os de vida ajustados por discapacidad &#40;AVAD&#41; debidos a la AA en el mundo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se han realizado algunos estudios descriptivos en la poblaci&#243;n colombiana acerca de la distribuci&#243;n de los diferentes tipos de alopecia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a>&#46; Un estudio realizado en una sola ciudad indic&#243; que la AA representa el 2&#44;5&#37; de todas las consultas dermatol&#243;gicas entre las mujeres&#46; Otro estudio multinacional que incluy&#243; 256 pacientes colombianos y en el que solo se incluyeron datos de pa&#237;ses latinoamericanos&#44; se demostr&#243; que la AA representa cerca del 13&#37; de todos los tipos de consultas por alopecia&#46; En Colombia no se han reportado datos sobre el comportamiento cl&#237;nico de esta enfermedad&#46; Este estudio presenta los primeros resultados de un Registro Nacional de Alopecia Areata en Colombia &#40;RENAAC&#41; en curso&#44; cuyo objetivo principal es determinar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y sociodemogr&#225;ficas de las personas diagnosticadas con AA que acudieron a la consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en Colombia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Dise&#241;o del estudio</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio multic&#233;ntrico y retrospectivo realizado con informaci&#243;n obtenida a partir de las historias cl&#237;nicas de pacientes con AA que acudieron a consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en cinco ciudades colombianas&#46; El protocolo de investigaci&#243;n fue aprobado por los Comit&#233;s de &#201;tica e Investigaci&#243;n del Instituto M&#233;dico de Alta Tecnolog&#237;a Oncom&#233;dica S&#46;A&#46; &#40;C&#243;digo de Autorizaci&#243;n ONC-CEI-CEI-159&#46;2022&#41; y del Hospital Alma Mater de Antioquia &#40;C&#243;digo&#58; IN32-2022&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Prestadores de servicios de salud y ciudades donde se recogieron los datos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En Colombia&#44; el sistema general de seguridad social en salud comprende reg&#237;menes de afiliaci&#243;n obligatoria&#58; contributivo&#44; subsidiado y especial&#46; El r&#233;gimen contributivo se financia con aportes de empleadores&#44; trabajadores y pensionados&#44; el subsidiado con recursos p&#250;blicos para atender a la poblaci&#243;n pobre y el r&#233;gimen especial cubre a pocos trabajadores sindicalizados y miembros de las fuerzas armadas&#46; Al mismo tiempo&#44; existe un sector privado al que acceden las personas que pueden pagarlo y lo utilizan por falta de cobertura de salud o bien buscando mejores condiciones de acceso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; En este registro&#44; aunque todas las personas est&#225;n afiliadas a alguno de los reg&#237;menes obligatorios&#44; la informaci&#243;n proviene de consultas de centros privados&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos fueron recogidos por m&#233;dicos generales espec&#237;ficamente entrenados para este fin en los consultorios de 3 dermat&#243;logos que participaron en el estudio ubicados en Bogot&#225;&#44; D&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>&#46;&#44; Cali&#44; Barranquilla y Cartagena&#44; todos en Colombia&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adicionalmente&#44; se incluyeron pacientes del Hospital Alma Mater de Antioqu&#237;a ubicado en Medell&#237;n&#44; Colombia&#44; un hospital de alta complejidad que cuenta con una unidad de dermatolog&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La informaci&#243;n se recolect&#243; de las historias cl&#237;nicas de las personas diagnosticadas con AA desde marzo de 2022 hasta abril de 2023&#44; utilizando un formulario de reporte de casos &#40;FRC&#41; dise&#241;ado en la plataforma Kobotoolbox&#174;&#46; Se recopil&#243; informaci&#243;n sobre las variables sociodemogr&#225;ficas y cl&#237;nicas de las personas con AA&#44; incluidos los patrones de tratamiento&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Criterios de inclusi&#243;n y exclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron en el estudio personas de todas las edades&#44; de ambos sexos &#40;sexo asignado al nacer&#41;&#44; con diagn&#243;stico de AA &#40;C&#243;digos CIE-10&#58; L638 y L639&#41; seg&#250;n consta en su historia cl&#237;nica&#44; mientras que los casos con diagn&#243;stico de lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico &#40;CIE-10&#58; M320&#44; M321&#44; M328 y M329&#41;&#44; alopecia androg&#233;nica &#40;CIE-10&#58; L640&#44; L648 y L649&#41;&#44; alopecia cicatricial &#40;CIE-10&#58; L66&#41; e infecciones como s&#237;filis &#40;CIE-10&#58; A50-A539&#41; o ti&#241;a de la cabeza &#40;CIE-10&#58; B350&#41; fueron excluidos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables continuas se expresaron como medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n&#44; mientras que las categ&#243;ricas se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y relativas&#46; Al calcular los tratamientos recibidos&#44; se elimin&#243; del n&#250;mero total de pacientes analizados un centro privado al que no se le permiti&#243; acceder a la informaci&#243;n de prescripci&#243;n para calcular las frecuencias relativas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>478&#41;&#46; Todos los an&#225;lisis se realizaron con el proyecto R para la computaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#44; versi&#243;n 4&#46;3&#46;0 del lenguaje&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Resultados</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 562 personas con AA&#44; con una proporci&#243;n mujer&#47;var&#243;n de 1&#44;5&#58;1 y una edad media de 39&#44;2 a&#241;os &#40;desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar &#91;DE&#93;&#58; 17&#44;1&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; La mayor&#237;a resid&#237;a en zonas urbanas &#40;76&#44;2&#37;&#41; y pertenec&#237;a a un r&#233;gimen contributivo &#40;42&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; algunos pacientes consultaron de forma privada&#44; lo que dificult&#243; distinguir el tipo de plan de salud en el 31&#44;3&#37; de los casos y entraron en la categor&#237;a de &#171;sin informaci&#243;n&#187;&#46; Se recogieron datos de 5 ciudades colombianas&#58; Bogot&#225; &#40;47&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; Barranquilla &#40;16&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#44; Cali &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; Medell&#237;n &#40;14&#44;8&#37;&#41; y Cartagena &#40;6&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> ilustra las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de las AA observadas en los registros de salud estudiados&#46; La edad media al diagn&#243;stico fue de 35&#44;0 a&#241;os &#40;DE&#58; 17&#44;0&#41; y fue notablemente menor en los varones &#40;31&#44;7 a&#241;os&#59; DE&#58; 15&#44;1&#41; frente a las mujeres &#40;37&#44;3 a&#241;os&#59; DE&#58; 17&#44;9&#41;&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los casos se diagnosticaron entre los 25 y los 30 a&#241;os&#44; lo que evidencia que el diagn&#243;stico de la AA suele producirse antes de los 50 a&#241;os &#40;77&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; aunque tambi&#233;n se registr&#243; un 2&#46;&#176; pico entre los 50 y los 56 a&#241;os &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; El curso de la enfermedad en la 1&#46;&#170; consulta oscil&#243; entre un mes y 40 a&#241;os&#44; y la mayor&#237;a &#40;57&#44;5&#37;&#41; consult&#243; en un tiempo &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 a&#241;o despu&#233;s del inicio de las lesiones&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El fototipo predominante de los pacientes fue del tipo III&#46; Las placas m&#250;ltiples &#40;53&#44;2&#37;&#41; fueron m&#225;s prevalentes que las placas &#250;nicas &#40;37&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; El subtipo de AA m&#225;s frecuente fue el parcheado &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; y las localizaciones de AA registradas con mayor frecuencia fueron el cuero cabelludo &#40;95&#44;0&#37;&#41; y la cara &#40;17&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; El compromiso ungueal fue infrecuente &#40;solo 8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes de salud&#44; 37 personas &#40;6&#44;6&#37;&#41; ten&#237;an antecedentes familiares de AA&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; el 7&#44;5&#37; ten&#237;a antecedentes personales de atopia con&#44; al menos&#44; una comorbilidad al&#233;rgica &#40;rinitis&#58; 4&#44;8&#37;&#59; asma&#58; 0&#44;7&#37;&#59; conjuntivitis al&#233;rgica&#58; 0&#44;2&#37; o dermatitis at&#243;pica&#58; 2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Cabe destacar que casi un tercio de los pacientes &#40;29&#44;5&#37;&#41; ten&#237;an antecedentes de enfermedades cut&#225;neas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>166&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adem&#225;s&#44; se diagnostic&#243; un trastorno endocrinol&#243;gico en el 18&#44;3&#37; de los casos&#44; siendo el hipotiroidismo la afecci&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente &#40;12&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; especialmente en las mujeres&#44; con una proporci&#243;n de 3&#44;3&#58;1 frente a los varones&#46; Este antecedente se observ&#243; principalmente en pacientes mayores de 15 a&#241;os y se distribuy&#243; por grupos de edad de la siguiente manera&#58; 41&#44;7&#37; de 15 a 49 a&#241;os&#44; 38&#44;8&#37; de los 50 a 65 a&#241;os y 17&#44;5&#37; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 a&#241;os&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los antecedentes psiqui&#225;tricos fueron frecuentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#44; 8&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; siendo la ansiedad y la depresi&#243;n las afecciones m&#225;s comunes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;&#44; con datos similares referidos en ambos sexos&#44; y centrados principalmente en los grupos de edad entre los 15 a los 49 a&#241;os &#40;60&#44;9&#37;&#41; y de los 50 a los 65 a&#241;os &#40;28&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al tipo de tratamiento&#44; las inyecciones de corticoides &#40;76&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; y m&#225;s concretamente la triamcinolona&#44; el minoxidil t&#243;pico al 5&#37; &#40;46&#44;4&#37;&#41; y los corticoides de alta potencia &#40;42&#44;5&#37;&#41; fueron los reg&#237;menes terap&#233;uticos m&#225;s utilizados para tratar la AA &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se observ&#243; una recurrencia de la AA en el 13&#44;9&#37; de los pacientes&#44; con una relaci&#243;n mujer&#47;var&#243;n de 1&#44;1&#58;1&#46; Estas recurrencias oscilaron entre una y 5 a lo largo de la evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; siendo una y 2 recurrencias el patr&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente&#46; En funci&#243;n de los a&#241;os de evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; el n&#250;mero m&#225;ximo de recurrencias fue de 3 por a&#241;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio describe las principales caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y sociodemogr&#225;ficas de las personas con AA que acudieron a consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en 5 ciudades principales de Colombia&#46; Se observ&#243; una mayor frecuencia en las mujeres&#44; con una concentraci&#243;n en cuanto a la edad de diagn&#243;stico en la tercera d&#233;cada de la vida y con 2 picos diagn&#243;sticos importantes&#44; as&#237; como antecedentes familiares de AA&#44; y antecedentes personales de otras comorbilidades&#44; como el hipotiroidismo o la enfermedad mental&#46; Se identificaron los tratamientos utilizados con mayor frecuencia en la AA y se describieron los patrones generales de reca&#237;da&#46; Dada la escasa literatura disponible sobre las caracter&#237;sticas de la AA en Latinoam&#233;rica&#44; este estudio pionero contribuye a la comprensi&#243;n cl&#237;nica de c&#243;mo se comporta la enfermedad en nuestra regi&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como se mencion&#243; anteriormente&#44; durante esta primera fase de recolecci&#243;n de datos&#44; se encontr&#243; una mayor frecuencia de casos en las mujeres frente a los varones&#46; Estos resultados son similares a los reportados por otros autores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#59; sin embargo&#44; tambi&#233;n se ha encontrado un predominio en los varones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; por lo que la relaci&#243;n entre la AA y el sexo no es concluyente en t&#233;rminos de evidencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Nuestros hallazgos tambi&#233;n pueden explicarse por la diferencia en la frecuencia de acudir a la consulta m&#233;dica&#44; la cual&#44; seg&#250;n la literatura cient&#237;fica disponible&#44; tiende a ser mayor en las mujeres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En esta cohorte&#44; las mujeres en promedio ten&#237;an una mayor edad que los varones&#44; y los varones fueron diagnosticados a una edad m&#225;s temprana&#44; lo que coincide con lo informado por Lundin et al&#46; en 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; La AA pedi&#225;trica no se observ&#243; con una frecuencia elevada&#44; como se evidenci&#243; en estudios previos&#46; El inicio tard&#237;o se registr&#243; en el 22&#44;1&#37; de los casos&#44; con una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres&#44; lo que tambi&#233;n coincide con lo observado en otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con relaci&#243;n a la frecuencia en el diagn&#243;stico de la AA&#44; junto con otras enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; debemos aclarar que la presencia de la mayor&#237;a de las enfermedades autoinmunes estaba entre los criterios de exclusi&#243;n&#44; lo que constituye una limitaci&#243;n para esta parte del an&#225;lisis&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la etiolog&#237;a de la AA no se conoce del todo&#44; pero se sabe que es multifactorial&#44; teniendo a la inflamaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica y a las infecciones como factores desencadenantes&#44; junto con la predisposici&#243;n gen&#233;tica y los factores ambientales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La AA puede coexistir con otras enfermedades autoinmunes como la enfermedad cel&#237;aca&#44; la artritis reumatoide&#44; el lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico y la enfermedad tiroidea&#59; de hecho&#44; padecer una AA aumenta el riesgo de sufrir este tipo de enfermedades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Se ha encontrado que los genes asociados a la AA est&#225;n implicados en el desarrollo de otras enfermedades autoinmunes como son la diabetes tipo 1&#44; la esclerosis m&#250;ltiple&#44; la psoriasis&#44; la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal o las enfermedades tiroideas autoinmunes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;17</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes m&#233;dicos&#44; la historia familiar de AA concuerda con otros estudios realizados en M&#233;xico&#44; Singapur y China&#44; en los que se encontr&#243; en el 0-8&#44;6&#37; de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;18&#44;19</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s de indicar la probable influencia gen&#233;tica&#44; la historia familiar positiva puede ser un factor pron&#243;stico relevante durante la anamnesis de los pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes de atopia&#44; la asociaci&#243;n a la rinitis fue lo que se present&#243; con mayor frecuencia&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta tasa es inferior a la observada en la poblaci&#243;n general en estudios realizados en Colombia &#40;32&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; A pesar de que en estudios publicados previamente se ha informado que la AA aumenta el riesgo de dermatitis at&#243;pica y que est&#225; vinculada a la atopia&#44; sobre todo bas&#225;ndose en las observaciones de una mayor presentaci&#243;n de esta entidad en casos de AA frente a controles pareados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; en el presente estudio no observamos una tasa de frecuencia superior a las tasas informadas en Colombia &#40;14&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la creciente evidencia que relaciona la microbiota intestinal con la AA sugiere que las bacterias intestinales pueden desempe&#241;ar un papel importante en el desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; aunque los resultados no son concluyentes y se requiere m&#225;s investigaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes endocrinol&#243;gicos&#44; el hipotiroidismo fue la enfermedad m&#225;s frecuentemente referida&#46; Existen evidencias de la relaci&#243;n existente entre valores anormales de la hormona estimulante del tiroides &#40;TSH&#41; y la AA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#44; y un mayor riesgo de desarrollar AA al presentar enfermedades tiroideas como son la tirotoxicosis&#44; la enfermedad de Graves y la tiroiditis&#44; lo que sugiere que existen mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos compartidos entre la AA y la enfermedad tiroidea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; En una revisi&#243;n de 2019&#44; Kinoshita et al&#46; sugirieron que la AA se asocia con mayor frecuencia a los anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea &#40;TPO-Ab&#41; y a los anticuerpos antitiroglobulina &#40;TG-Ab&#41; que al hipo e hipertiroidismo&#46; No obstante&#44; debido a ciertas limitaciones de la revisi&#243;n&#44; esta afirmaci&#243;n no es del todo concluyente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estr&#233;s tambi&#233;n puede ser un factor desencadenante de la AA&#44; aunque este tema es controvertido&#44; ya que algunos estudios informan de que no se ha encontrado dicha asociaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; cierta evidencia sugiere que existen factores biol&#243;gicos que relacionar&#225;n al sistema nervioso central &#40;SNC&#41; con el estr&#233;s agudo en la AA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Lo que es innegable es que la AA modifica el aspecto f&#237;sico&#44; lo que puede tener un profundo impacto psicol&#243;gico en los pacientes&#46; Algunos estudios informan una mayor prevalencia de comorbilidades psiqui&#225;tricas en personas con AA&#44; en particular ansiedad&#44; depresi&#243;n&#44; trastorno por d&#233;ficit de atenci&#243;n con hiperactividad y trastornos psic&#243;ticos&#44; lo que conlleva a un deterioro de la calidad de vida tanto de los pacientes como de su familia&#44; con consecuencias psicosociales principalmente en mujeres y ni&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Debido a la importante carga psicosocial asociada a la AA&#44; el &#233;xito del tratamiento integral es fundamental&#44; m&#225;s all&#225; de los resultados cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las opciones terap&#233;uticas actuales son beneficiosas para resolver los episodios agudos&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no existe ning&#250;n tratamiento que resuelva de manera definitiva la AA&#46; Los tratamientos variar&#225;n en funci&#243;n de la formaci&#243;n del dermat&#243;logo y de aquellos factores como son la edad del paciente&#44; la extensi&#243;n y la duraci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; o el estado del cuero cabelludo&#44; entre otros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los tratamientos&#44; incluidos los corticoides&#44; la inmunoterapia t&#243;pica&#44; el minoxidil t&#243;pico&#44; la antralina y los inmunosupresores&#44; se centran en inhibir la autoinmunidad y revertir la AA&#44; aunque los resultados ser&#225;n variables de un paciente a otro&#44; as&#237; como variar&#225;n en funci&#243;n de la terapia que se utilice<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Los reg&#237;menes de tratamiento mencionados anteriormente concuerdan con los resultados del RENAAC&#46; En este registro no se report&#243; el uso de inhibidores de la Janus Kinasa &#40;JAK&#41; para el tratamiento de la AA&#44; lo cual podr&#237;a ser interesante para comparaciones posteriores de la efectividad de estas prometedoras terapias en los casos m&#225;s severos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; Actualmente&#44; en Colombia&#44; si bien el baricitinib y el tofacitinib est&#225;n avalados para el tratamiento de varias enfermedades inflamatorias cr&#243;nicas&#44; estos a&#250;n no est&#225;n autorizados para su uso en la AA&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; la inclusi&#243;n de estos tratamientos innovadores en la lista de medicamentos autorizados en Colombia para la AA&#44; junto con la actualizaci&#243;n continua de este registro&#44; permitir&#225; generar evidencia real sobre su eficacia en los pr&#243;ximos a&#241;os&#46; Este enfoque facilitar&#225; los an&#225;lisis comparativos de las tasas de recurrencia bajo diferentes escenarios de tratamiento&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por &#250;ltimo&#44; en el presente estudio la afectaci&#243;n ungueal se report&#243; con escasa frecuencia&#59; sin embargo&#44; esto puede deberse a la ausencia de registro de esta informaci&#243;n&#44; ya que en trabajos anteriores se reportaron tasas de afectaci&#243;n de la l&#225;mina en el 9-64&#44;1&#37; de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Esto subraya la importancia que tiene el registrar&#44; de manera cuidadosa&#44; toda la informaci&#243;n en la historia cl&#237;nica del paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La limitaci&#243;n de este estudio se debe a su naturaleza retrospectiva&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; los datos se obtuvieron a partir de las historias cl&#237;nicas&#44; lo que limita la exhaustividad de la informaci&#243;n e impide profundizar en otros aspectos que podr&#237;an ser de inter&#233;s&#46; La versi&#243;n actual de este registro no recogi&#243; de manera detallada la informaci&#243;n acerca de las prescripciones &#40;es decir&#44; dosis o nombres espec&#237;ficos de las mol&#233;culas de las categor&#237;as de f&#225;rmacos&#44; como es el caso de los inmunosupresores&#41;&#46; No obstante&#44; dado que se trata de un proyecto que est&#225; en curso&#44; las versiones posteriores de los formularios se mejorar&#225;n utilizando preguntas m&#225;s detalladas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La creaci&#243;n de este primer registro de personas con AA contribuye al conocimiento del comportamiento cl&#237;nico de la enfermedad en Colombia y en la regi&#243;n latinoamericana&#46; La AA fue ligeramente predominante en las mujeres con una relaci&#243;n de 1&#44;5&#58;1 frente a los varones&#44; describi&#233;ndose un inicio m&#225;s temprano en los varones&#46; Fue frecuente la presencia de comorbilidades dermatol&#243;gicas&#44; endocrinas y psiqui&#225;tricas&#44; las cuales deben ser incluidas en los protocolos de atenci&#243;n a los pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo fue realizado con el apoyo de una beca por el Instituto Cient&#237;fico Pfizer Colombia &#40;ICPC&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por la p&#233;rdida de cabello no cicatrizante y la preservaci&#243;n de los fol&#237;culos pilosos&#46; La informaci&#243;n disponible sobre el curso de la enfermedad y sus caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas es escasa en todo el mundo y pr&#225;cticamente ausente en Colombia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y sociodemogr&#225;ficas de los pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de AA que acudieron a una consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en 5 ciudades colombianas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico y retrospectivo con datos del Registro Nacional de Alopecia Areata en Colombia &#40;RENAAC&#41; en Bogot&#225;&#44; Cali&#44; Cartagena&#44; Barranquilla y Medell&#237;n entre marzo de 2022 y abril de 2023&#46; Los datos fueron registrados en forma estandarizada por m&#233;dicos entrenados&#46; Las variables se describieron con medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n&#44; y por frecuencias absolutas y relativas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Resultados</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 562 pacientes&#44; el 59&#44;4&#37; mujeres&#44; con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 49 a&#241;os &#40;63&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; con un tiempo medio de evoluci&#243;n de 1&#44;7 a&#241;os&#46; El tipo de placa m&#225;s frecuente fue m&#250;ltiple &#40;53&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; el subtipo de AA predominante fue parches &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; el 29&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes ten&#237;an antecedentes dermatol&#243;gicos&#44; el 18&#44;3&#37; antecedentes endocrinol&#243;gicos y el 8&#44;9&#37; antecedentes psiqui&#225;tricos&#46; Los tratamientos m&#225;s utilizados fueron las inyecciones de esteroides &#40;76&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; el minoxidil t&#243;pico al 5&#37; &#40;46&#44;4&#37;&#41; y los corticoides de alta potencia &#40;42&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusiones y limitaciones</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La AA fue ligeramente predominante en las mujeres&#46; Como se observ&#243; en otras poblaciones&#44; esta enfermedad tuvo un inicio m&#225;s temprano en los varones en comparaci&#243;n con las mujeres&#46; La presentaci&#243;n en edad pedi&#225;trica fue infrecuente&#46; Se observaron antecedentes de otras afecciones dermatol&#243;gicas en casi un tercio de los pacientes&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la comorbilidad de la AA con otras enfermedades autoinmunes est&#225; sesgado por la exclusi&#243;n de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico del estudio&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Background</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scaring hair loss and preservation of hair follicles&#46; The information available on disease course&#44; and clinical features of AA is scarce worldwide&#44; and almost nonexistent in Colombia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objective</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with AA who presented to a dermatology consultation in five Colombian cities&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a retrospective and multicenter study on data from an ongoing National Registry of Alopecia Areata in Colombia &#40;RENAAC&#41; collected in Bogota&#44; Cali&#44; Cartagena&#44; Barranquilla&#44; and Medellin&#44; Colombia from March 2022 through April 2023&#46; Data was recorded in a standardized form by trained physicians&#46; The variables were expressed as measures of central tendency and dispersion&#44; and absolute and relative frequencies&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 562 patients were included&#44; 59&#46;4&#37; of whom were women&#44; aged between 15 and 49 years &#40;63&#46;9&#37;&#41; with a mean disease course of 1&#46;7 years&#46; The most common finding was multiple plaque &#40;53&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; the predominant AA subtype was patchy &#40;71&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; and 29&#46;5&#37; of the patients had a past dermatological history&#44; 18&#46;3&#37; had a past endocrinological history&#44; and 8&#46;9&#37; had a past psychiatric history&#46; The treatments most widely used were steroid injections &#40;76&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; 5&#37; topical minoxidil &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by high-potency corticosteroids &#40;42&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Study limitations and conclusions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AA was slightly predominant in women&#46; As seen in other populations&#44; this disease had an earlier onset in men vs women&#46; Presentation in pediatric age was uncommon&#46; The previous history of other dermatological diseases was checked in almost one third of the patients&#46; Analysis of the co-presentation of AA with other autoimmune diseases is biased due to excluding patients with systemic erythematous lupus from the study&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mujern<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>334&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Var&#243;nn<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>228&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Totaln<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>562&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0-14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;6&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15-49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">183 &#40;54&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;77&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">359 &#40;63&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50-65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">87 &#40;26&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;12&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">115 &#40;20&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;4&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lugar de residencia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urbana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">262 &#40;78&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">166 &#40;72&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">428 &#40;76&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;11&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;13&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Desconocida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;9&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;12&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;10&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plan de salud</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Contributorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">131 &#40;39&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;46&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">237 &#40;42&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subsidiado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;8&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;10&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Especial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;11&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;23&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">92 &#40;16&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">127 &#40;38&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;21&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ciudad de consulta</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bogot&#225;&#44; D&#46;C&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">158 &#40;47&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">111 &#40;48&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">269 &#40;47&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Barranquilla&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;10&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;23&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;16&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cali&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;21&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;5&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;12&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;17&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;14&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;6&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">175 &#40;76&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">367 &#40;65&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 a&#241;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">190 &#40;56&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">133 &#40;58&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;13&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;17&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;7&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;7&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;11&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;13&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;6&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;6&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;6&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">178 &#40;53&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105 &#40;46&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">283 &#40;50&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;15&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;21&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;17&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;0&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81 &#40;24&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;25&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140 &#40;24&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Placas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#250;ltiples&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">161 &#40;48&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;60&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">299 &#40;53&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#218;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127 &#40;38&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;36&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">211 &#40;37&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;13&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;9&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subtipo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">220 &#40;65&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">181 &#40;79&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">401 &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Multifocal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;6&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;8&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Difusa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;10&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;1&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;6&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ofi&#225;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;8&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;4&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Universalis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;1&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Totalis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;1&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;1&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;5&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;6&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Localizaci&#243;n de las lesiones</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Miembros inferiores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Var&#243;nn<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>228&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos endocrinos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;21&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;18&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Atopia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antecedentes familiares de AA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;7&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastorno psiqui&#225;trico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;7&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;10&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;8&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;13&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;12&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;13&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Gastroenterol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;6&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedades reum&#225;ticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;2&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;3&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;11&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                            3 => "G&#46; G&#246;kdemir"
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                            5 => "H&#46; Anul"
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Original Article
Características clínicas y sociodemográficas de la alopecia areata en 5 ciudades colombianas: un análisis del RENAAC
Clinical and Sociodemographic Features of Alopecia Areata in Five Colombian Cities: An Analysis of the RENAAC Registry
J.C. Pinedaa,b, N.R. Alvis-Zakzuka,c, L. Moyano-Támaraa,c, J. Fierro-Lozadad, C. Cera-Colld, W. Celorio-Murilloe, N.J. Alvis-Zakzukf,g,
Corresponding author
nalvis1@cuc.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
, J. Zapata-Ospinah, J.F. Ruiz-Gómezi, J. Zakzukj, N. Alvis-Guzmánj, D. Castillo-Molinad
a ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
b Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia
c Grupo de Investigación ALZAK, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
d Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
e Universidad Libre, Grupo de Investigación Grinder, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
f Universidad de la Costa, Grupo de Investigación Gestión Hospitalaria y Políticas de Salud, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
g Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Posgraduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brazil
h Hospital Alma Máter de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
i Instituto Científico Pfizer, Bogotá, Colombia
j Universidad de Cartagena, Grupo de Economía de la Salud, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; es una enfermedad autoinmune multifactorial caracterizada por la p&#233;rdida no cicatricial del cabello y la conservaci&#243;n de los fol&#237;culos pilosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La AA suele ser recurrente o persistente&#44; especialmente cuando la p&#233;rdida de cabello es extensa&#46; La p&#233;rdida de cabello adoptar&#225; la forma de &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 placas redondeadas u ovaladas bien delimitadas&#46; La AA afectar&#225; al cuero cabelludo o al cuerpo&#46; Si la AA compromete todo el cuero cabelludo se conoce como AA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">totalis</span>&#44; y si compromete todo el cuerpo&#44; se denomina AA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">universalis</span>&#46; Las afecciones que com&#250;nmente se asocian a la AA son el asma&#44; la rinitis al&#233;rgica&#44; la dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; la enfermedad tiroidea y las enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; como la tiroiditis y el vit&#237;ligo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La AA afecta a casi el 2&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n mundial en alg&#250;n momento de la vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Se calcula que la prevalencia aproximada de la enfermedad oscila entre el 0&#44;1 y el 0&#44;2&#37;&#44; con una edad media de aparici&#243;n de 31&#44;5 a&#241;os en los varones y de 36&#44;2 a&#241;os en las mujeres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En los EE&#46; UU&#46;&#44; la tasa de incidencia estimada de la AA es de 20&#44;9 por 100&#46;000 personas&#47;a&#241;o&#44; con una tasa de incidencia acumulada a lo largo de la vida de 2&#44;1&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos sobre la AA en Latinoam&#233;rica son escasos&#44; con tasas de prevalencia que oscilan entre el 0&#44;2 y el 3&#44;8&#37; dependiendo de los centros dermatol&#243;gicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No existe una predisposici&#243;n determinada por edad o raza&#44; con resultados contradictorios en cuanto a la predisposici&#243;n por sexo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; La carga de enfermedad estimada por el estudio de carga global de enfermedad &#40;GBD&#41; de 2019 es de 3580 &#40;2296-5371&#41; a&#241;os de vida ajustados por discapacidad &#40;AVAD&#41; debidos a la AA en el mundo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se han realizado algunos estudios descriptivos en la poblaci&#243;n colombiana acerca de la distribuci&#243;n de los diferentes tipos de alopecia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a>&#46; Un estudio realizado en una sola ciudad indic&#243; que la AA representa el 2&#44;5&#37; de todas las consultas dermatol&#243;gicas entre las mujeres&#46; Otro estudio multinacional que incluy&#243; 256 pacientes colombianos y en el que solo se incluyeron datos de pa&#237;ses latinoamericanos&#44; se demostr&#243; que la AA representa cerca del 13&#37; de todos los tipos de consultas por alopecia&#46; En Colombia no se han reportado datos sobre el comportamiento cl&#237;nico de esta enfermedad&#46; Este estudio presenta los primeros resultados de un Registro Nacional de Alopecia Areata en Colombia &#40;RENAAC&#41; en curso&#44; cuyo objetivo principal es determinar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y sociodemogr&#225;ficas de las personas diagnosticadas con AA que acudieron a la consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en Colombia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Dise&#241;o del estudio</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio multic&#233;ntrico y retrospectivo realizado con informaci&#243;n obtenida a partir de las historias cl&#237;nicas de pacientes con AA que acudieron a consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en cinco ciudades colombianas&#46; El protocolo de investigaci&#243;n fue aprobado por los Comit&#233;s de &#201;tica e Investigaci&#243;n del Instituto M&#233;dico de Alta Tecnolog&#237;a Oncom&#233;dica S&#46;A&#46; &#40;C&#243;digo de Autorizaci&#243;n ONC-CEI-CEI-159&#46;2022&#41; y del Hospital Alma Mater de Antioquia &#40;C&#243;digo&#58; IN32-2022&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Prestadores de servicios de salud y ciudades donde se recogieron los datos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En Colombia&#44; el sistema general de seguridad social en salud comprende reg&#237;menes de afiliaci&#243;n obligatoria&#58; contributivo&#44; subsidiado y especial&#46; El r&#233;gimen contributivo se financia con aportes de empleadores&#44; trabajadores y pensionados&#44; el subsidiado con recursos p&#250;blicos para atender a la poblaci&#243;n pobre y el r&#233;gimen especial cubre a pocos trabajadores sindicalizados y miembros de las fuerzas armadas&#46; Al mismo tiempo&#44; existe un sector privado al que acceden las personas que pueden pagarlo y lo utilizan por falta de cobertura de salud o bien buscando mejores condiciones de acceso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; En este registro&#44; aunque todas las personas est&#225;n afiliadas a alguno de los reg&#237;menes obligatorios&#44; la informaci&#243;n proviene de consultas de centros privados&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos fueron recogidos por m&#233;dicos generales espec&#237;ficamente entrenados para este fin en los consultorios de 3 dermat&#243;logos que participaron en el estudio ubicados en Bogot&#225;&#44; D&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>&#46;&#44; Cali&#44; Barranquilla y Cartagena&#44; todos en Colombia&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adicionalmente&#44; se incluyeron pacientes del Hospital Alma Mater de Antioqu&#237;a ubicado en Medell&#237;n&#44; Colombia&#44; un hospital de alta complejidad que cuenta con una unidad de dermatolog&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La informaci&#243;n se recolect&#243; de las historias cl&#237;nicas de las personas diagnosticadas con AA desde marzo de 2022 hasta abril de 2023&#44; utilizando un formulario de reporte de casos &#40;FRC&#41; dise&#241;ado en la plataforma Kobotoolbox&#174;&#46; Se recopil&#243; informaci&#243;n sobre las variables sociodemogr&#225;ficas y cl&#237;nicas de las personas con AA&#44; incluidos los patrones de tratamiento&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Criterios de inclusi&#243;n y exclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron en el estudio personas de todas las edades&#44; de ambos sexos &#40;sexo asignado al nacer&#41;&#44; con diagn&#243;stico de AA &#40;C&#243;digos CIE-10&#58; L638 y L639&#41; seg&#250;n consta en su historia cl&#237;nica&#44; mientras que los casos con diagn&#243;stico de lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico &#40;CIE-10&#58; M320&#44; M321&#44; M328 y M329&#41;&#44; alopecia androg&#233;nica &#40;CIE-10&#58; L640&#44; L648 y L649&#41;&#44; alopecia cicatricial &#40;CIE-10&#58; L66&#41; e infecciones como s&#237;filis &#40;CIE-10&#58; A50-A539&#41; o ti&#241;a de la cabeza &#40;CIE-10&#58; B350&#41; fueron excluidos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables continuas se expresaron como medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n&#44; mientras que las categ&#243;ricas se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y relativas&#46; Al calcular los tratamientos recibidos&#44; se elimin&#243; del n&#250;mero total de pacientes analizados un centro privado al que no se le permiti&#243; acceder a la informaci&#243;n de prescripci&#243;n para calcular las frecuencias relativas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>478&#41;&#46; Todos los an&#225;lisis se realizaron con el proyecto R para la computaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#44; versi&#243;n 4&#46;3&#46;0 del lenguaje&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Resultados</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 562 personas con AA&#44; con una proporci&#243;n mujer&#47;var&#243;n de 1&#44;5&#58;1 y una edad media de 39&#44;2 a&#241;os &#40;desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar &#91;DE&#93;&#58; 17&#44;1&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; La mayor&#237;a resid&#237;a en zonas urbanas &#40;76&#44;2&#37;&#41; y pertenec&#237;a a un r&#233;gimen contributivo &#40;42&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; algunos pacientes consultaron de forma privada&#44; lo que dificult&#243; distinguir el tipo de plan de salud en el 31&#44;3&#37; de los casos y entraron en la categor&#237;a de &#171;sin informaci&#243;n&#187;&#46; Se recogieron datos de 5 ciudades colombianas&#58; Bogot&#225; &#40;47&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; Barranquilla &#40;16&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#44; Cali &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; Medell&#237;n &#40;14&#44;8&#37;&#41; y Cartagena &#40;6&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> ilustra las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de las AA observadas en los registros de salud estudiados&#46; La edad media al diagn&#243;stico fue de 35&#44;0 a&#241;os &#40;DE&#58; 17&#44;0&#41; y fue notablemente menor en los varones &#40;31&#44;7 a&#241;os&#59; DE&#58; 15&#44;1&#41; frente a las mujeres &#40;37&#44;3 a&#241;os&#59; DE&#58; 17&#44;9&#41;&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los casos se diagnosticaron entre los 25 y los 30 a&#241;os&#44; lo que evidencia que el diagn&#243;stico de la AA suele producirse antes de los 50 a&#241;os &#40;77&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; aunque tambi&#233;n se registr&#243; un 2&#46;&#176; pico entre los 50 y los 56 a&#241;os &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; El curso de la enfermedad en la 1&#46;&#170; consulta oscil&#243; entre un mes y 40 a&#241;os&#44; y la mayor&#237;a &#40;57&#44;5&#37;&#41; consult&#243; en un tiempo &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 a&#241;o despu&#233;s del inicio de las lesiones&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El fototipo predominante de los pacientes fue del tipo III&#46; Las placas m&#250;ltiples &#40;53&#44;2&#37;&#41; fueron m&#225;s prevalentes que las placas &#250;nicas &#40;37&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; El subtipo de AA m&#225;s frecuente fue el parcheado &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; y las localizaciones de AA registradas con mayor frecuencia fueron el cuero cabelludo &#40;95&#44;0&#37;&#41; y la cara &#40;17&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; El compromiso ungueal fue infrecuente &#40;solo 8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes de salud&#44; 37 personas &#40;6&#44;6&#37;&#41; ten&#237;an antecedentes familiares de AA&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; el 7&#44;5&#37; ten&#237;a antecedentes personales de atopia con&#44; al menos&#44; una comorbilidad al&#233;rgica &#40;rinitis&#58; 4&#44;8&#37;&#59; asma&#58; 0&#44;7&#37;&#59; conjuntivitis al&#233;rgica&#58; 0&#44;2&#37; o dermatitis at&#243;pica&#58; 2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Cabe destacar que casi un tercio de los pacientes &#40;29&#44;5&#37;&#41; ten&#237;an antecedentes de enfermedades cut&#225;neas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>166&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adem&#225;s&#44; se diagnostic&#243; un trastorno endocrinol&#243;gico en el 18&#44;3&#37; de los casos&#44; siendo el hipotiroidismo la afecci&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente &#40;12&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; especialmente en las mujeres&#44; con una proporci&#243;n de 3&#44;3&#58;1 frente a los varones&#46; Este antecedente se observ&#243; principalmente en pacientes mayores de 15 a&#241;os y se distribuy&#243; por grupos de edad de la siguiente manera&#58; 41&#44;7&#37; de 15 a 49 a&#241;os&#44; 38&#44;8&#37; de los 50 a 65 a&#241;os y 17&#44;5&#37; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 a&#241;os&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los antecedentes psiqui&#225;tricos fueron frecuentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#44; 8&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; siendo la ansiedad y la depresi&#243;n las afecciones m&#225;s comunes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;&#44; con datos similares referidos en ambos sexos&#44; y centrados principalmente en los grupos de edad entre los 15 a los 49 a&#241;os &#40;60&#44;9&#37;&#41; y de los 50 a los 65 a&#241;os &#40;28&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al tipo de tratamiento&#44; las inyecciones de corticoides &#40;76&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; y m&#225;s concretamente la triamcinolona&#44; el minoxidil t&#243;pico al 5&#37; &#40;46&#44;4&#37;&#41; y los corticoides de alta potencia &#40;42&#44;5&#37;&#41; fueron los reg&#237;menes terap&#233;uticos m&#225;s utilizados para tratar la AA &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se observ&#243; una recurrencia de la AA en el 13&#44;9&#37; de los pacientes&#44; con una relaci&#243;n mujer&#47;var&#243;n de 1&#44;1&#58;1&#46; Estas recurrencias oscilaron entre una y 5 a lo largo de la evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; siendo una y 2 recurrencias el patr&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente&#46; En funci&#243;n de los a&#241;os de evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; el n&#250;mero m&#225;ximo de recurrencias fue de 3 por a&#241;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio describe las principales caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y sociodemogr&#225;ficas de las personas con AA que acudieron a consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en 5 ciudades principales de Colombia&#46; Se observ&#243; una mayor frecuencia en las mujeres&#44; con una concentraci&#243;n en cuanto a la edad de diagn&#243;stico en la tercera d&#233;cada de la vida y con 2 picos diagn&#243;sticos importantes&#44; as&#237; como antecedentes familiares de AA&#44; y antecedentes personales de otras comorbilidades&#44; como el hipotiroidismo o la enfermedad mental&#46; Se identificaron los tratamientos utilizados con mayor frecuencia en la AA y se describieron los patrones generales de reca&#237;da&#46; Dada la escasa literatura disponible sobre las caracter&#237;sticas de la AA en Latinoam&#233;rica&#44; este estudio pionero contribuye a la comprensi&#243;n cl&#237;nica de c&#243;mo se comporta la enfermedad en nuestra regi&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como se mencion&#243; anteriormente&#44; durante esta primera fase de recolecci&#243;n de datos&#44; se encontr&#243; una mayor frecuencia de casos en las mujeres frente a los varones&#46; Estos resultados son similares a los reportados por otros autores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#59; sin embargo&#44; tambi&#233;n se ha encontrado un predominio en los varones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; por lo que la relaci&#243;n entre la AA y el sexo no es concluyente en t&#233;rminos de evidencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Nuestros hallazgos tambi&#233;n pueden explicarse por la diferencia en la frecuencia de acudir a la consulta m&#233;dica&#44; la cual&#44; seg&#250;n la literatura cient&#237;fica disponible&#44; tiende a ser mayor en las mujeres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En esta cohorte&#44; las mujeres en promedio ten&#237;an una mayor edad que los varones&#44; y los varones fueron diagnosticados a una edad m&#225;s temprana&#44; lo que coincide con lo informado por Lundin et al&#46; en 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; La AA pedi&#225;trica no se observ&#243; con una frecuencia elevada&#44; como se evidenci&#243; en estudios previos&#46; El inicio tard&#237;o se registr&#243; en el 22&#44;1&#37; de los casos&#44; con una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres&#44; lo que tambi&#233;n coincide con lo observado en otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con relaci&#243;n a la frecuencia en el diagn&#243;stico de la AA&#44; junto con otras enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; debemos aclarar que la presencia de la mayor&#237;a de las enfermedades autoinmunes estaba entre los criterios de exclusi&#243;n&#44; lo que constituye una limitaci&#243;n para esta parte del an&#225;lisis&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la etiolog&#237;a de la AA no se conoce del todo&#44; pero se sabe que es multifactorial&#44; teniendo a la inflamaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica y a las infecciones como factores desencadenantes&#44; junto con la predisposici&#243;n gen&#233;tica y los factores ambientales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La AA puede coexistir con otras enfermedades autoinmunes como la enfermedad cel&#237;aca&#44; la artritis reumatoide&#44; el lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico y la enfermedad tiroidea&#59; de hecho&#44; padecer una AA aumenta el riesgo de sufrir este tipo de enfermedades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Se ha encontrado que los genes asociados a la AA est&#225;n implicados en el desarrollo de otras enfermedades autoinmunes como son la diabetes tipo 1&#44; la esclerosis m&#250;ltiple&#44; la psoriasis&#44; la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal o las enfermedades tiroideas autoinmunes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;17</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes m&#233;dicos&#44; la historia familiar de AA concuerda con otros estudios realizados en M&#233;xico&#44; Singapur y China&#44; en los que se encontr&#243; en el 0-8&#44;6&#37; de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;18&#44;19</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s de indicar la probable influencia gen&#233;tica&#44; la historia familiar positiva puede ser un factor pron&#243;stico relevante durante la anamnesis de los pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes de atopia&#44; la asociaci&#243;n a la rinitis fue lo que se present&#243; con mayor frecuencia&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta tasa es inferior a la observada en la poblaci&#243;n general en estudios realizados en Colombia &#40;32&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; A pesar de que en estudios publicados previamente se ha informado que la AA aumenta el riesgo de dermatitis at&#243;pica y que est&#225; vinculada a la atopia&#44; sobre todo bas&#225;ndose en las observaciones de una mayor presentaci&#243;n de esta entidad en casos de AA frente a controles pareados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; en el presente estudio no observamos una tasa de frecuencia superior a las tasas informadas en Colombia &#40;14&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la creciente evidencia que relaciona la microbiota intestinal con la AA sugiere que las bacterias intestinales pueden desempe&#241;ar un papel importante en el desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; aunque los resultados no son concluyentes y se requiere m&#225;s investigaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los antecedentes endocrinol&#243;gicos&#44; el hipotiroidismo fue la enfermedad m&#225;s frecuentemente referida&#46; Existen evidencias de la relaci&#243;n existente entre valores anormales de la hormona estimulante del tiroides &#40;TSH&#41; y la AA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#44; y un mayor riesgo de desarrollar AA al presentar enfermedades tiroideas como son la tirotoxicosis&#44; la enfermedad de Graves y la tiroiditis&#44; lo que sugiere que existen mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos compartidos entre la AA y la enfermedad tiroidea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; En una revisi&#243;n de 2019&#44; Kinoshita et al&#46; sugirieron que la AA se asocia con mayor frecuencia a los anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea &#40;TPO-Ab&#41; y a los anticuerpos antitiroglobulina &#40;TG-Ab&#41; que al hipo e hipertiroidismo&#46; No obstante&#44; debido a ciertas limitaciones de la revisi&#243;n&#44; esta afirmaci&#243;n no es del todo concluyente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estr&#233;s tambi&#233;n puede ser un factor desencadenante de la AA&#44; aunque este tema es controvertido&#44; ya que algunos estudios informan de que no se ha encontrado dicha asociaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; cierta evidencia sugiere que existen factores biol&#243;gicos que relacionar&#225;n al sistema nervioso central &#40;SNC&#41; con el estr&#233;s agudo en la AA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Lo que es innegable es que la AA modifica el aspecto f&#237;sico&#44; lo que puede tener un profundo impacto psicol&#243;gico en los pacientes&#46; Algunos estudios informan una mayor prevalencia de comorbilidades psiqui&#225;tricas en personas con AA&#44; en particular ansiedad&#44; depresi&#243;n&#44; trastorno por d&#233;ficit de atenci&#243;n con hiperactividad y trastornos psic&#243;ticos&#44; lo que conlleva a un deterioro de la calidad de vida tanto de los pacientes como de su familia&#44; con consecuencias psicosociales principalmente en mujeres y ni&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Debido a la importante carga psicosocial asociada a la AA&#44; el &#233;xito del tratamiento integral es fundamental&#44; m&#225;s all&#225; de los resultados cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las opciones terap&#233;uticas actuales son beneficiosas para resolver los episodios agudos&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no existe ning&#250;n tratamiento que resuelva de manera definitiva la AA&#46; Los tratamientos variar&#225;n en funci&#243;n de la formaci&#243;n del dermat&#243;logo y de aquellos factores como son la edad del paciente&#44; la extensi&#243;n y la duraci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; o el estado del cuero cabelludo&#44; entre otros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los tratamientos&#44; incluidos los corticoides&#44; la inmunoterapia t&#243;pica&#44; el minoxidil t&#243;pico&#44; la antralina y los inmunosupresores&#44; se centran en inhibir la autoinmunidad y revertir la AA&#44; aunque los resultados ser&#225;n variables de un paciente a otro&#44; as&#237; como variar&#225;n en funci&#243;n de la terapia que se utilice<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Los reg&#237;menes de tratamiento mencionados anteriormente concuerdan con los resultados del RENAAC&#46; En este registro no se report&#243; el uso de inhibidores de la Janus Kinasa &#40;JAK&#41; para el tratamiento de la AA&#44; lo cual podr&#237;a ser interesante para comparaciones posteriores de la efectividad de estas prometedoras terapias en los casos m&#225;s severos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; Actualmente&#44; en Colombia&#44; si bien el baricitinib y el tofacitinib est&#225;n avalados para el tratamiento de varias enfermedades inflamatorias cr&#243;nicas&#44; estos a&#250;n no est&#225;n autorizados para su uso en la AA&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; la inclusi&#243;n de estos tratamientos innovadores en la lista de medicamentos autorizados en Colombia para la AA&#44; junto con la actualizaci&#243;n continua de este registro&#44; permitir&#225; generar evidencia real sobre su eficacia en los pr&#243;ximos a&#241;os&#46; Este enfoque facilitar&#225; los an&#225;lisis comparativos de las tasas de recurrencia bajo diferentes escenarios de tratamiento&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por &#250;ltimo&#44; en el presente estudio la afectaci&#243;n ungueal se report&#243; con escasa frecuencia&#59; sin embargo&#44; esto puede deberse a la ausencia de registro de esta informaci&#243;n&#44; ya que en trabajos anteriores se reportaron tasas de afectaci&#243;n de la l&#225;mina en el 9-64&#44;1&#37; de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Esto subraya la importancia que tiene el registrar&#44; de manera cuidadosa&#44; toda la informaci&#243;n en la historia cl&#237;nica del paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La limitaci&#243;n de este estudio se debe a su naturaleza retrospectiva&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; los datos se obtuvieron a partir de las historias cl&#237;nicas&#44; lo que limita la exhaustividad de la informaci&#243;n e impide profundizar en otros aspectos que podr&#237;an ser de inter&#233;s&#46; La versi&#243;n actual de este registro no recogi&#243; de manera detallada la informaci&#243;n acerca de las prescripciones &#40;es decir&#44; dosis o nombres espec&#237;ficos de las mol&#233;culas de las categor&#237;as de f&#225;rmacos&#44; como es el caso de los inmunosupresores&#41;&#46; No obstante&#44; dado que se trata de un proyecto que est&#225; en curso&#44; las versiones posteriores de los formularios se mejorar&#225;n utilizando preguntas m&#225;s detalladas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La creaci&#243;n de este primer registro de personas con AA contribuye al conocimiento del comportamiento cl&#237;nico de la enfermedad en Colombia y en la regi&#243;n latinoamericana&#46; La AA fue ligeramente predominante en las mujeres con una relaci&#243;n de 1&#44;5&#58;1 frente a los varones&#44; describi&#233;ndose un inicio m&#225;s temprano en los varones&#46; Fue frecuente la presencia de comorbilidades dermatol&#243;gicas&#44; endocrinas y psiqui&#225;tricas&#44; las cuales deben ser incluidas en los protocolos de atenci&#243;n a los pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo fue realizado con el apoyo de una beca por el Instituto Cient&#237;fico Pfizer Colombia &#40;ICPC&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por la p&#233;rdida de cabello no cicatrizante y la preservaci&#243;n de los fol&#237;culos pilosos&#46; La informaci&#243;n disponible sobre el curso de la enfermedad y sus caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas es escasa en todo el mundo y pr&#225;cticamente ausente en Colombia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y sociodemogr&#225;ficas de los pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de AA que acudieron a una consulta de dermatolog&#237;a en 5 ciudades colombianas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico y retrospectivo con datos del Registro Nacional de Alopecia Areata en Colombia &#40;RENAAC&#41; en Bogot&#225;&#44; Cali&#44; Cartagena&#44; Barranquilla y Medell&#237;n entre marzo de 2022 y abril de 2023&#46; Los datos fueron registrados en forma estandarizada por m&#233;dicos entrenados&#46; Las variables se describieron con medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n&#44; y por frecuencias absolutas y relativas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Resultados</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 562 pacientes&#44; el 59&#44;4&#37; mujeres&#44; con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 49 a&#241;os &#40;63&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; con un tiempo medio de evoluci&#243;n de 1&#44;7 a&#241;os&#46; El tipo de placa m&#225;s frecuente fue m&#250;ltiple &#40;53&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; el subtipo de AA predominante fue parches &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; el 29&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes ten&#237;an antecedentes dermatol&#243;gicos&#44; el 18&#44;3&#37; antecedentes endocrinol&#243;gicos y el 8&#44;9&#37; antecedentes psiqui&#225;tricos&#46; Los tratamientos m&#225;s utilizados fueron las inyecciones de esteroides &#40;76&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; el minoxidil t&#243;pico al 5&#37; &#40;46&#44;4&#37;&#41; y los corticoides de alta potencia &#40;42&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusiones y limitaciones</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La AA fue ligeramente predominante en las mujeres&#46; Como se observ&#243; en otras poblaciones&#44; esta enfermedad tuvo un inicio m&#225;s temprano en los varones en comparaci&#243;n con las mujeres&#46; La presentaci&#243;n en edad pedi&#225;trica fue infrecuente&#46; Se observaron antecedentes de otras afecciones dermatol&#243;gicas en casi un tercio de los pacientes&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la comorbilidad de la AA con otras enfermedades autoinmunes est&#225; sesgado por la exclusi&#243;n de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico del estudio&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Background</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scaring hair loss and preservation of hair follicles&#46; The information available on disease course&#44; and clinical features of AA is scarce worldwide&#44; and almost nonexistent in Colombia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objective</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with AA who presented to a dermatology consultation in five Colombian cities&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a retrospective and multicenter study on data from an ongoing National Registry of Alopecia Areata in Colombia &#40;RENAAC&#41; collected in Bogota&#44; Cali&#44; Cartagena&#44; Barranquilla&#44; and Medellin&#44; Colombia from March 2022 through April 2023&#46; Data was recorded in a standardized form by trained physicians&#46; The variables were expressed as measures of central tendency and dispersion&#44; and absolute and relative frequencies&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 562 patients were included&#44; 59&#46;4&#37; of whom were women&#44; aged between 15 and 49 years &#40;63&#46;9&#37;&#41; with a mean disease course of 1&#46;7 years&#46; The most common finding was multiple plaque &#40;53&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; the predominant AA subtype was patchy &#40;71&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; and 29&#46;5&#37; of the patients had a past dermatological history&#44; 18&#46;3&#37; had a past endocrinological history&#44; and 8&#46;9&#37; had a past psychiatric history&#46; The treatments most widely used were steroid injections &#40;76&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; 5&#37; topical minoxidil &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by high-potency corticosteroids &#40;42&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Study limitations and conclusions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AA was slightly predominant in women&#46; As seen in other populations&#44; this disease had an earlier onset in men vs women&#46; Presentation in pediatric age was uncommon&#46; The previous history of other dermatological diseases was checked in almost one third of the patients&#46; Analysis of the co-presentation of AA with other autoimmune diseases is biased due to excluding patients with systemic erythematous lupus from the study&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Var&#243;nn<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>228&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Totaln<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>562&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0-14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;6&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15-49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">183 &#40;54&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;77&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">359 &#40;63&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50-65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">87 &#40;26&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;12&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">115 &#40;20&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;4&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lugar de residencia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urbana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">262 &#40;78&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">166 &#40;72&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">428 &#40;76&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;11&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;13&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Desconocida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;9&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;12&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;10&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plan de salud</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Contributorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">131 &#40;39&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;46&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">237 &#40;42&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subsidiado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;8&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;10&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Especial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;11&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;23&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">92 &#40;16&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">127 &#40;38&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;21&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ciudad de consulta</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bogot&#225;&#44; D&#46;C&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">158 &#40;47&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111 &#40;48&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">269 &#40;47&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Barranquilla&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;10&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;23&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;16&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cali&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;21&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;5&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;14&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medell&#237;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;17&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;7&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;6&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;6&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">178 &#40;53&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105 &#40;46&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">283 &#40;50&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;15&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;21&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;17&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;0&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81 &#40;24&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;25&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140 &#40;24&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Placas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#250;ltiples&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">161 &#40;48&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;60&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">299 &#40;53&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#218;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127 &#40;38&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;36&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">211 &#40;37&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;13&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;9&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subtipo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">220 &#40;65&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">181 &#40;79&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">401 &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Multifocal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;6&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;8&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Difusa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;10&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;1&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;6&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ofi&#225;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;8&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;4&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Universalis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;1&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Totalis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;1&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;1&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No hay informaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;5&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;6&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Localizaci&#243;n de las lesiones</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cuero cabelludo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">327 &#40;97&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Miembros superiores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Torso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Compromiso de u&#241;as</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;6&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;10&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Condici&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Var&#243;nn<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>228&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedades cut&#225;neas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94 &#40;28&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;31&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos endocrinos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;21&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;14&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;18&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Atopia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antecedentes familiares de AA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;7&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastorno psiqui&#225;trico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;7&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;10&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;8&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;13&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;12&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;13&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gastroenterol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;6&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedades reum&#225;ticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;2&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;3&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;2&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;14&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;11&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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