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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una erupci&#243;n liquenoide &#40;EL&#41; plantea un verdadero desaf&#237;o diagn&#243;stico por su parecido cl&#237;nico e histol&#243;gico al liquen plano&#46; Los inductores son variados&#44; siendo frecuentes los f&#225;rmacos &#40;ELIF&#41;&#44; en particular en una &#233;poca caracterizada por la irrupci&#243;n de los tratamientos biol&#243;gicos o dirigidos&#46; Presentamos el caso de una erupci&#243;n liquenoide inducida por alirocumab&#44; un inhibidor de proprote&#237;na convertasa subtilisina&#47;kexina tipo 9 &#40;PCSK-9&#41; usado como tratamiento para dislipidemia&#44; f&#225;rmaco raramente asociado a reacciones adversas cut&#225;neas locales y excepcionalmente a urticaria o vasculitis&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una mujer de 61 a&#241;os con antecedente de dislipidemia mixta e intolerancia a estatinas&#44; en tratamiento con alirocumab subcut&#225;neo hace 18 meses&#59; consult&#243; por una erupci&#243;n muy pruriginosa en extremidades de 2 meses de evoluci&#243;n&#46; En la exploraci&#243;n encontramos en piernas y antebrazos&#44; p&#225;pulas poligonales eritemato-viol&#225;ceas y brillantes de hasta 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm con estr&#237;as de Wickham &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; No present&#243; lesiones en mucosas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La anal&#237;tica sangu&#237;nea mostr&#243; triglic&#233;ridos de 358<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;&#60; 150&#41; y LDL de 215<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;&#60; 130&#41;&#46; El resto del estudio incluyendo hemograma&#44; bioqu&#237;mica&#44; autoanticuerpos result&#243; normal y negativo para virus hepatotropos&#46; El estudio dermatopatol&#243;gico evidenci&#243; dermatitis de interfase liquenoide&#44; algunos queratinocitos necr&#243;ticos y degeneraci&#243;n vacuolar de la basal &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Con todos estos datos se lleg&#243; al diagn&#243;stico de ELIF asociada a alirocumab&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; tratamiento sist&#233;mico con prednisona durante 15 d&#237;as asociando betametasona t&#243;pica&#44; sin suspender alirocumab&#44; logrando remisi&#243;n completa a las 3 semanas&#44; mantenida durante 14 meses de seguimiento&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alirocumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal IgG1 contra la PCSK-9&#44; que inhibe su uni&#243;n al receptor de LDL&#44; aumentando as&#237; el n&#250;mero de receptores disponibles para eliminar LDL y reduciendo sus niveles plasm&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Est&#225; autorizado su uso por la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos &#40;EMA&#41; para hipercolesterolemia primaria y dislipidemia mixta como complemento a la dieta mediante inyecciones subcut&#225;neas&#46; Recientemente se ha propuesto la existencia de una correlaci&#243;n entre niveles de expresi&#243;n cut&#225;nea&#47;s&#233;rica de PCSK-9&#44; riesgo cardiovascular y gravedad en enfermedades como psoriasis y lupus&#44; transform&#225;ndola en una potencial diana terap&#233;utica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se han reportado efectos adversos como eritema o dolor en el sitio de punci&#243;n y excepcionalmente eccema numular&#44; urticaria y vasculitis por hipersensibilidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las ELIF son reacciones cut&#225;neas que aparecen generalmente semanas o meses despu&#233;s del inicio de un tratamiento&#46; Existe incertidumbre sobre su fisiopatolog&#237;a&#46; Cl&#237;nica e histopatol&#243;gicamente son pr&#225;cticamente id&#233;nticas al liquen plano&#44; por lo que para su diagn&#243;stico es primordial la asociaci&#243;n de una anamnesis sugestiva &#8212;con relaci&#243;n temporal plausible&#8212;&#44; examen f&#237;sico&#44; histolog&#237;a y evoluci&#243;n compatibles<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Algunos aspectos de este caso que apoyan el diagn&#243;stico de una ELIF es el respeto de mucosas&#44; la distribuci&#243;n sim&#233;trica en &#225;reas fotoexpuestas&#44; y la hiperpigmentaci&#243;n residual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La lista de f&#225;rmacos &#8212;y vacunas&#8212; asociadas a ELIF es larga e independiente de su v&#237;a de administraci&#243;n&#44; incluye enalapril&#44; amlodipino&#44; betabloqueantes&#44; diur&#233;ticos&#44; antimal&#225;ricos&#44; imatinib&#44; AINE e inmunoglobulinas&#44; siendo de particular inter&#233;s la existencia de casos asociados a simvastatina y a f&#225;rmacos de origen biol&#243;gico como infliximab&#44; etanercept&#44; pembrolizumab y nivolumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Una b&#250;squeda en las bases de datos de Medline&#44; Cochrane y Epistemonikos con las palabras clave alirocumab y erupci&#243;n liquenoide o liquen plano en idiomas ingl&#233;s y espa&#241;ol no mostr&#243; casos previos publicados&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hemos utilizado como herramienta la escala de probabilidad de Naranjo&#44; que eval&#250;a la probabilidad de que exista asociaci&#243;n entre una reacci&#243;n adversa y un f&#225;rmaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; y que mostr&#243; una &#171;probable&#187; asociaci&#243;n entre alirocumab y la ELIF&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La heterogeneidad entre los distintos grupos farmacol&#243;gicos descritos&#44; dosis y v&#237;as de administraci&#243;n de los posibles desencadenantes de ELIF&#44; hacen sospechar reacciones adversas idiosincr&#225;ticas&#44; probablemente inmunomediadas&#44; que explicar&#237;an la respuesta consistente a corticoterapia tanto en este como en otros casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; presentamos un caso de erupci&#243;n liquenoide probablemente asociada al uso de alirocumab&#44; asociaci&#243;n no descrita hasta ahora&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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CARTA CIENTÍFICO-CLÍNICA
Erupción liquenoide asociada al uso de alirocumab, presentación de un caso
Alirocumab-Associated Lichenoid Reaction: A Case Report
R. Román Cheuque
Corresponding author
rroman.med@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, I. Navarro-Navarro, D. Jiménez-Gallo, M. Linares Barrios
Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una erupci&#243;n liquenoide &#40;EL&#41; plantea un verdadero desaf&#237;o diagn&#243;stico por su parecido cl&#237;nico e histol&#243;gico al liquen plano&#46; Los inductores son variados&#44; siendo frecuentes los f&#225;rmacos &#40;ELIF&#41;&#44; en particular en una &#233;poca caracterizada por la irrupci&#243;n de los tratamientos biol&#243;gicos o dirigidos&#46; Presentamos el caso de una erupci&#243;n liquenoide inducida por alirocumab&#44; un inhibidor de proprote&#237;na convertasa subtilisina&#47;kexina tipo 9 &#40;PCSK-9&#41; usado como tratamiento para dislipidemia&#44; f&#225;rmaco raramente asociado a reacciones adversas cut&#225;neas locales y excepcionalmente a urticaria o vasculitis&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una mujer de 61 a&#241;os con antecedente de dislipidemia mixta e intolerancia a estatinas&#44; en tratamiento con alirocumab subcut&#225;neo hace 18 meses&#59; consult&#243; por una erupci&#243;n muy pruriginosa en extremidades de 2 meses de evoluci&#243;n&#46; En la exploraci&#243;n encontramos en piernas y antebrazos&#44; p&#225;pulas poligonales eritemato-viol&#225;ceas y brillantes de hasta 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm con estr&#237;as de Wickham &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; No present&#243; lesiones en mucosas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La anal&#237;tica sangu&#237;nea mostr&#243; triglic&#233;ridos de 358<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;&#60; 150&#41; y LDL de 215<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;&#60; 130&#41;&#46; El resto del estudio incluyendo hemograma&#44; bioqu&#237;mica&#44; autoanticuerpos result&#243; normal y negativo para virus hepatotropos&#46; El estudio dermatopatol&#243;gico evidenci&#243; dermatitis de interfase liquenoide&#44; algunos queratinocitos necr&#243;ticos y degeneraci&#243;n vacuolar de la basal &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Con todos estos datos se lleg&#243; al diagn&#243;stico de ELIF asociada a alirocumab&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; tratamiento sist&#233;mico con prednisona durante 15 d&#237;as asociando betametasona t&#243;pica&#44; sin suspender alirocumab&#44; logrando remisi&#243;n completa a las 3 semanas&#44; mantenida durante 14 meses de seguimiento&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alirocumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal IgG1 contra la PCSK-9&#44; que inhibe su uni&#243;n al receptor de LDL&#44; aumentando as&#237; el n&#250;mero de receptores disponibles para eliminar LDL y reduciendo sus niveles plasm&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Est&#225; autorizado su uso por la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos &#40;EMA&#41; para hipercolesterolemia primaria y dislipidemia mixta como complemento a la dieta mediante inyecciones subcut&#225;neas&#46; Recientemente se ha propuesto la existencia de una correlaci&#243;n entre niveles de expresi&#243;n cut&#225;nea&#47;s&#233;rica de PCSK-9&#44; riesgo cardiovascular y gravedad en enfermedades como psoriasis y lupus&#44; transform&#225;ndola en una potencial diana terap&#233;utica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se han reportado efectos adversos como eritema o dolor en el sitio de punci&#243;n y excepcionalmente eccema numular&#44; urticaria y vasculitis por hipersensibilidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las ELIF son reacciones cut&#225;neas que aparecen generalmente semanas o meses despu&#233;s del inicio de un tratamiento&#46; Existe incertidumbre sobre su fisiopatolog&#237;a&#46; Cl&#237;nica e histopatol&#243;gicamente son pr&#225;cticamente id&#233;nticas al liquen plano&#44; por lo que para su diagn&#243;stico es primordial la asociaci&#243;n de una anamnesis sugestiva &#8212;con relaci&#243;n temporal plausible&#8212;&#44; examen f&#237;sico&#44; histolog&#237;a y evoluci&#243;n compatibles<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Algunos aspectos de este caso que apoyan el diagn&#243;stico de una ELIF es el respeto de mucosas&#44; la distribuci&#243;n sim&#233;trica en &#225;reas fotoexpuestas&#44; y la hiperpigmentaci&#243;n residual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La lista de f&#225;rmacos &#8212;y vacunas&#8212; asociadas a ELIF es larga e independiente de su v&#237;a de administraci&#243;n&#44; incluye enalapril&#44; amlodipino&#44; betabloqueantes&#44; diur&#233;ticos&#44; antimal&#225;ricos&#44; imatinib&#44; AINE e inmunoglobulinas&#44; siendo de particular inter&#233;s la existencia de casos asociados a simvastatina y a f&#225;rmacos de origen biol&#243;gico como infliximab&#44; etanercept&#44; pembrolizumab y nivolumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Una b&#250;squeda en las bases de datos de Medline&#44; Cochrane y Epistemonikos con las palabras clave alirocumab y erupci&#243;n liquenoide o liquen plano en idiomas ingl&#233;s y espa&#241;ol no mostr&#243; casos previos publicados&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hemos utilizado como herramienta la escala de probabilidad de Naranjo&#44; que eval&#250;a la probabilidad de que exista asociaci&#243;n entre una reacci&#243;n adversa y un f&#225;rmaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; y que mostr&#243; 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ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
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