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RF – Neoadjuvant Therapy in Melanoma
FR – Neoadyuvancia en melanoma
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"apellidos" => "Arrieta" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "arantxa.arrieta.vinaixa.93@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Blanco de Tord" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Boada" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "FR – Neoadyuvancia en melanoma" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neoadjuvant therapy refers to the use of systemic anticancer drugs prior to surgery. The goal is the same as that of adjuvant therapy: to treat undetected locoregional or distant metastasis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> While neoadjuvant treatment regimens have been standardized in certain stages of breast, lung, and rectal cancer, they are still under investigation in melanoma.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ideal candidates for neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma are patients with nodal disease detected by clinical or ultrasound examination (stage IIIB, IIIC, or IIID disease according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual) or resectable oligometastatic disease (stage IV).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Most studies of neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma have investigated immunotherapeutic agents, although some have focused on targeted therapies.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main advantage of neoadjuvant therapy is that it enables the early treatment of microscopic distant disease, while in many cases also reducing the volume of lymph node disease and hence decreasing surgical morbidity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Histologic evaluation of resected tumor specimens from patients who have received neoadjuvant therapy helps determine pathologic responses and potential treatment benefits. The resulting information can also be used to individualize future treatment schedules and durations. A greater understanding of pathologic responses may also enable modifications to current surgical techniques.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The advent of neoadjuvant therapy has given oncologists the possibility of using conservative lymph node surgery instead of complete lymph node dissection (CLND) in patients with complete pathologic response in the lymph node harboring the metastasis (the index node). Two notable studies in this regard are MeMaLoc<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and PRADO,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> in which patients with clinically or ultrasound-detected stage III melanoma and lymph node metastasis were started on immunotherapy prior to surgery. Just a few weeks after initiation of treatment, the index node was marked with a magnetic (MeMaLoc) or radioactive (PRADO) seed. After 6 weeks of immunotherapy, the 12 patients in the MeMaLoc study underwent CLND. In all cases, pathologic index node responses were congruent with responses in the rest of the nodes. Patients with a complete or near-complete pathologic response in the index node had no metastases in the rest of the basin. The PRADO study went a step further and stratified patients by pathologic response after removal and examination of the index node to identify candidates for CLND. Of the 99 patients studied, 59 achieved a pathologic response of more than 90% and did not undergo CLND. The remaining 40 patients underwent CLND, and those with more than 50% viable tumor continued treatment with immunotherapy or targeted therapy.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The risks of neoadjuvant therapy include rendering a patient who does not respond to treatment inoperable due to tumor progression or general worsening of their condition due to toxicity. Adequate selection of patients who could benefit from neoadjuvant therapy in the setting of melanoma will therefore be crucial in the near future.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aranzazu Arrieta and María Blanco de Tord declare no conflicts of interest.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aram Boada has received fees from or participated in clinical trials sponsored by Novartis, Roche, Pierre-Fabre, BMS, and MSD.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1615307" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1615306" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1615307" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Neoadjuvant therapy" 1 => "Melanoma" 2 => "Pathologic response" 3 => "Index lymph node" 4 => "Conservative surgery" ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The role of neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Z.R. Kelly" 1 => "V.C. Gorantla" 2 => "D. Davar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11912-020-00944-5" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Oncol Rep" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "80" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601947" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.Y. Lee" 1 => "M.S. Brady" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jso.26229" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "782" "paginaFinal" => "1788" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "La neoadyuvancia: una nueva oportunidad para cambiar la cirugía del melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A. Boada" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.piel.2021.02.001" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Piel" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "355" "paginaFinal" => "358" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Surgical removal of the index node marked using magnetic seed localization to assess response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with stage III melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Schermers" 1 => "V. Franke" 2 => "E.A. Rozeman" 3 => "B.A. van de Wiel" 4 => "A. Bruining" 5 => "M.W. Wouters" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/bjs.11168" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Surg" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "519" "paginaFinal" => "522" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30882901" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "First safety and efficacy results of PRADO: a phase II study of personalized response-driven surgery and adjuvant therapy after neoadjuvant ipilimumab (IPI) and nivolumab (NIVO) in resectable stage III melanoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.U. Blank" 1 => "I.L.M. Reijers" 2 => "T. Pennington" 3 => "J.M. Versluis" 4 => "R.P.M. Saw" 5 => "E.A. Rozeman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.10002" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "10002" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/00017310/0000011400000003/v1_202303051528/S0001731023000662/v1_202303051528/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "34907" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Foro de Residentes" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00017310/0000011400000003/v1_202303051528/S0001731023000662/v1_202303051528/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731023000662?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
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