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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case Description</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 66-year-old man was seen in March 2020 for a slow-growing asymptomatic lesion on the right leg that had appeared several years earlier&#46; Physical examination revealed a shiny&#44; erythematous&#44; violaceous plaque with poorly defined borders&#44; and the absence of other similar lesions elsewhere on the body &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The patient did not recall any prior bite or trauma in the affected area&#46; He had a history of high blood pressure&#44; for which he had been treated for several years with manidipine and losartan&#47;hydrochlorothiazide&#44; and was in dermatological follow-up for chronic actinic damage&#44; for which he had been undergoing photodynamic therapy since 2016&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A biopsy was performed based on a suspected diagnosis of mycosis fungoides&#46; Histology showed hyperkeratosis of the epidermis with irregular hyperplasia and edema&#44; proliferation of small caliber vessels&#44; and discreet fibrosis in the dermis&#46; No evidence of malignancy was observed in the examined sample&#46; Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the vessels within the lesion were positive for CD31 and small muscle actin &#40;SMA&#41;&#44; and negative for D2-40 and Perls blue &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is your Diagnosis&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Clinical Course and Comment</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the clinical and pathological findings it was possible to establish a diagnosis of poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#44; for which the patient began treatment with clobetasol propionate and pimecrolimus on alternate days for 2 months&#46; No improvement was observed&#44; and treatment was consequently discontinued&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma is an entity recently described in a series of 16 patients by Semkova et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and subsequently in an additional case report&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This lesion occurs more frequently in males aged 50 years and above&#44; manifesting as a single erythematous or violaceous plaque&#44; generally located on the lower extremities&#44; as in the present case&#46; Follow-up of cases described to date &#40;maximum follow-up duration&#44; 6 y&#41; indicates a benign course &#40;i&#46;e&#46; stable&#44; without malignant transformation&#41;&#46; However&#44; given that this is a recently described pathology&#44; it is advisable to be attentive to any changes or progression&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology of this lesion is characteristic&#44; revealing a band-like pattern of proliferating thin-walled vessels with features of postcapillary veins in the superficial dermis&#46; Changes such as hyperplasia and spongiosis can be observed in the epidermis&#46; Strikingly&#44; epidermal atrophy is absent&#44; despite the clinical appearance of the lesions&#46; Fibrotic changes in the dermis are occasionally described&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main differential diagnosis is solitary plaque mycosis fungoides&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> owing to the clinical presentation and location of the lesions&#46; In contrast to plaque mycosis fungoides&#44; this lesion features a more reddish&#8211;violet coloration and thin atrophic skin without scaling&#44; findings that can help orient the diagnosis&#46; Other conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis include fixed drug eruption&#44; chronic atrophic acrodermatitis&#44; chronic pigmentary purpura&#44; and acquired elastotic hemangioma &#40;D2-40<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While the etiology is unknown&#44; authors who have described this entity have highlighted a cluster of cases in northern England&#44; suggesting a potential common external or infectious agent&#46; Our patient reported no recent trips to England&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be noted that for the diagnosis of vascular anomalies most dermatologists rely on the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies &#40;ISSVA&#41; classification&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which was most recently updated in 2018 but does not include all entities seen by dermatologists on a daily basis&#44; such as lobular capillary hemangiomas&#44; intramuscular hemangiomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> or poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we describe a case of poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#44; a condition we believe should be considered in patients with corresponding clinical signs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Cases in Diagnosis
Not All Is Infantile Hemangioma: An Erythematous Plaque in an Adult
Placa eritematosa en un adulto: no todo es hemangioma infantil
I. Salgüero Fernándeza,
Corresponding author
irenebsf@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. Hospital Gila, L. Nájera Botellob, G. Roustan Gullóna
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Puerta deHierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
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        "titulo" => "Placa eritematosa en un adulto&#58; no todo es hemangioma infantil"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case Description</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 66-year-old man was seen in March 2020 for a slow-growing asymptomatic lesion on the right leg that had appeared several years earlier&#46; Physical examination revealed a shiny&#44; erythematous&#44; violaceous plaque with poorly defined borders&#44; and the absence of other similar lesions elsewhere on the body &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The patient did not recall any prior bite or trauma in the affected area&#46; He had a history of high blood pressure&#44; for which he had been treated for several years with manidipine and losartan&#47;hydrochlorothiazide&#44; and was in dermatological follow-up for chronic actinic damage&#44; for which he had been undergoing photodynamic therapy since 2016&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A biopsy was performed based on a suspected diagnosis of mycosis fungoides&#46; Histology showed hyperkeratosis of the epidermis with irregular hyperplasia and edema&#44; proliferation of small caliber vessels&#44; and discreet fibrosis in the dermis&#46; No evidence of malignancy was observed in the examined sample&#46; Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the vessels within the lesion were positive for CD31 and small muscle actin &#40;SMA&#41;&#44; and negative for D2-40 and Perls blue &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is your Diagnosis&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Clinical Course and Comment</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the clinical and pathological findings it was possible to establish a diagnosis of poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#44; for which the patient began treatment with clobetasol propionate and pimecrolimus on alternate days for 2 months&#46; No improvement was observed&#44; and treatment was consequently discontinued&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma is an entity recently described in a series of 16 patients by Semkova et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and subsequently in an additional case report&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This lesion occurs more frequently in males aged 50 years and above&#44; manifesting as a single erythematous or violaceous plaque&#44; generally located on the lower extremities&#44; as in the present case&#46; Follow-up of cases described to date &#40;maximum follow-up duration&#44; 6 y&#41; indicates a benign course &#40;i&#46;e&#46; stable&#44; without malignant transformation&#41;&#46; However&#44; given that this is a recently described pathology&#44; it is advisable to be attentive to any changes or progression&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology of this lesion is characteristic&#44; revealing a band-like pattern of proliferating thin-walled vessels with features of postcapillary veins in the superficial dermis&#46; Changes such as hyperplasia and spongiosis can be observed in the epidermis&#46; Strikingly&#44; epidermal atrophy is absent&#44; despite the clinical appearance of the lesions&#46; Fibrotic changes in the dermis are occasionally described&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main differential diagnosis is solitary plaque mycosis fungoides&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> owing to the clinical presentation and location of the lesions&#46; In contrast to plaque mycosis fungoides&#44; this lesion features a more reddish&#8211;violet coloration and thin atrophic skin without scaling&#44; findings that can help orient the diagnosis&#46; Other conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis include fixed drug eruption&#44; chronic atrophic acrodermatitis&#44; chronic pigmentary purpura&#44; and acquired elastotic hemangioma &#40;D2-40<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While the etiology is unknown&#44; authors who have described this entity have highlighted a cluster of cases in northern England&#44; suggesting a potential common external or infectious agent&#46; Our patient reported no recent trips to England&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be noted that for the diagnosis of vascular anomalies most dermatologists rely on the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies &#40;ISSVA&#41; classification&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which was most recently updated in 2018 but does not include all entities seen by dermatologists on a daily basis&#44; such as lobular capillary hemangiomas&#44; intramuscular hemangiomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> or poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we describe a case of poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma&#44; a condition we believe should be considered in patients with corresponding clinical signs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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