Original Article
Translation into Spanish and Field-Testing of a New Score for Evaluating Psoriasis Severity: The Simplified Psoriasis Index (SPI)
Traducción al español y ensayos de campo de una nueva escala destinada a la valoración global de la gravedad de la psoriasis: el índice de psoriasis simplificado (SPI)
D. Barquero-Oriasa,
, E. Armellinib, A.J. Andersonc, A. Armellinid, A.G. Ortega-Loayzae, I. Helblingf, R.J.G. Chalmersg
Corresponding author
a Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
b Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
c University System of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, United States
d University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
e Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
f University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
g Centre for Dermatology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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"apellidos" => "Chalmers" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "University System of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, United States" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centre for Dermatology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Traducción al español y ensayos de campo de una nueva escala destinada a la valoración global de la gravedad de la psoriasis: el índice de psoriasis simplificado (SPI)" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1957 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 454522 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Proforma for selecting treatments received. Both versions are available for free online for download. * They can be downloaded from the website: <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://globalpsoriasisatlas.org/">https://globalpsoriasisatlas.org/</span> under the “SPI” tab (<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="https://www.globalpsoriasisatlas.org/en/simplified-psoriasis-index">https://www.globalpsoriasisatlas.org/en/simplified-psoriasis-index</span>). * The original version and all translated versions of the simplified psoriasis index remain the property of the University of Manchester, United Kingdom, which grants free and unrestricted access for its use.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More than 40 scales currently exist to assess severity and response to treatment in patients with psoriasis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most popular clinical scale in clinical trials and is widely used as the standard benchmark for scoring the severity of psoriasis. This scale, however, has certain disadvantages, such as its complex arithmetic, interobserver variability, low sensitivity in detecting changes in the limited disease, and a lack of standardized cutoff values for categorizing the severity of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This is why there is still need for a global consensus to determine the best way to assess psoriasis and its response to treatment. Despite this, many regulatory bodies continue to recommend the use of PASI, although in some cases supplemented with other tools such as the change in global assessment of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> As well as the potential to underestimate the severity of the disease, the use of PASI also ignores the involvement of special areas, such as the face, palms, soles, genitals, and scalp, its psychological impact, and its impact on quality of life. For this reason, dermatologists must take into consideration the locations of the skin disease and the quality of life in order to achieve a more appropriate and effective assessment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The simplified psoriasis index (SPI) was created based on the Salford Psoriasis Index, which was originally designed in the late 1990s with the goal of providing a concise but comprehensive summary of the severity of psoriasis for use in routine clinical practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,5,6</span></a> The instrument is divided into 3 components that include individual indicators of current severity, psychosocial impact, and past history. When combined, these components contribute to the overall burden of the disease<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,5–8</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The instrument was designed in a dermatology center specializing in psoriasis and later submitted to a group of world experts at the Outcome Measures in Psoriasis Workshop.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first component reflects current severity (SPI-s) and replaces PASI and percentage BSA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This section considers the functional and psychosocial impact on special areas such as the scalp, face, hands, feet, and anogenital area. The extent of the 10 areas assessed is given a score of 0 if the disease is absent or minimal, 0.5 if it is evident, or 1 if it is widespread. Significant nail involvement is included in the severity score of the hands and feet.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,5–8</span></a> Thus, the SPI-s differs from PASI in that it does not require an estimation of percentage body surface area affected by the psoriasis, which has been shown to be practically impossible to carry out with any degree of accuracy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,9</span></a> The second component (SPI-p) assesses psychosocial impact using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5–8</span></a> Finally, the third component was designed to reflect past history including duration of the disease with a maximum of 4 points, number and type of interventions undergone, with a maximum score of 6 points.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,7,8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SPI is available in 2 versions: the first for use by health care professionals (proSPI) and the second for self-assessment by patients (saSPI).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,5–7</span></a> Both versions are available for free online.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,5</span></a> The sections of the SPI on current severity (SPI-s) and the psychosocial-impact component (SPI-p) correlate significantly with PASI and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DQLI), respectively, according to studies carried out.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,5–8</span></a> Those studies support its validity for use in routine clinical practice, as well as its acceptability, reliability and distribution (broad response) for both the proSPI and the saSPI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,6,7</span></a> The good correlation between proSPI and saSPI opens up the possibility of using saSPI to monitor patients remotely.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Versions are also available in Portuguese (Brazil),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> French,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,8</span></a> Dutch,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Thai,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and Arabic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–14</span></a> Studies have been carried out to validate the instrument in patients undergoing therapies including phototherapy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and secukinumab,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and its use has also been validated in children and adolescents with plaque psoriasis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this project was to produce Spanish translations of proSPI and saSPI and field-test them with Spanish-speaking physicians and patients with psoriasis.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Initially, a physician whose native language is Spanish translated both versions from English into Spanish. Both versions were then reviewed together with one of the joint creators of this score. Blinded back translations into English were then produced by native English speakers from the United Kingdom and the United States, as described in the adaptation guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Both versions were then compared and modified as necessary by a team consisting of translators, an expert in linguistics, 4 dermatologists, including the initial translator, and 20 patients who had volunteered to test and comment on saSPI. All the authors were then able to reach a consensus on the reliability of the 2 translations (proSPI and saSPI) Following are the different stages, tasks, and participants involved in the production of the translations (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The original version and all translated versions of the simplified psoriasis index remain the property of the University of Manchester, which grants free and unrestricted access for the use of the index.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following is the result of the translation process and the field trials of both versions of the simplified psoriasis index. We show the version of the simplified psoriasis index (proSPI) for professionals (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A and B) and the simplified psoriasis index for self-assessment (proSPI) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A and B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SPI is divided into 3 sections and, here, we provide a brief explanation of each section.</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">SPI-s</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This section considers the functional and additional psychosocial impact on special areas such as the scalp, face, hands, feet, and anogenital area. The extent of the 10 areas assessed is given a score of 0 if the disease is absent or minor, 0.5 if it is obvious, or 1 if it is widespread. Significant nail involvement is included in the severity score of the hands and feet.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,5–8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">SPI-p</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second component (SPI-p) indicates psychosocial impact using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5–8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">SPI-i</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, the third component was designed to reflect the past history, including duration of the disease and number and type of interventions received. This section includes 4 questions relating to the past history of the disease and 6 relating to prior treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,7,8</span></a> Templates are available with drop-down fields and free text to produce personalized forms that show the most relevant drugs for each region or department (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The translations were carried out in an iterative process of several stages that involved all the authors with a careful comparison of the back translations with the original instruments.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most significant point of discussion was the translation of “scale”, a term used deliberately in the SPI to indicate that the thickness of the scale is the relevant parameter for assessment rather than the flaking of the scale. The PASI clinical score has never been revised to clarify this aspect and, therefore, the misleading term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">desquamation</span> is used as a substitute to assess the thickness of the scale. It was also decided to maintain the terms “escamas” (scales)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and “descamación” (scaling or peeling) because they were easier terms for patients to understand.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several linguistic ambiguities were also identified. For example, the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hairline</span> was initially translated as “pelo” (hair) but, after discussion, it was more accurately translated as “línea de implantación del pelo” (hairline). Furthermore, 2 terms, “compromiso” (involvement) versus “extensión” (extent) appeared in Part 1A; after discussion, it was decided to use the term “extensión actual” (current extent). In Part 2 (SPI-i), it was suggested that “con mayor afección” (with greater effect) be changed to “estar más afectado” (being more affected). In Part 3 of the saSPI, it was decided to maintain the sentence “Seleccione cata tratamiento que alguna vez haya recibido” (Select each treatment you have ever received), including the term “alguna vez” to reflect the translation of “ever” in order to cover the entire pharmacological history of the patient. Patients found the interactive version to be “very easy to use”. Four patients suggested a small change to record their gender more simply and these changes were implemented in the final version. Finally, the term “gravedad” was used instead of “severidad” as a better linguistic translation of the term “severity” in the original form.</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this article, we introduce an instrument translated into the Spanish language as a clinical measurement scale for use in routine clinical practice and in clinical trials. This tool has shown a good correlation with PASI and DQLI, both commonly used by dermatologists. The advantages compared to its predecessors include the inclusion of special body sites, giving them a major role in the overall assessment and makes it possible to assess the past history of the disease with treatment history and duration of the disease. Two versions of the scale are available: one for use by health care professionals and the other for self-assessment of the disease; both versions have a significant clinical correlation.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SPI is an easy-to-use instrument that is available for free and its use has been validated in previous studies, including in special populations such as pediatric patients and patients undergoing treatment with phototherapy or biological therapies. Both Spanish-language versions of the SPI may be downloaded from the Global Psoriasis Atlas website (<a href="https://www.globalpsoriasisatlas.org/en/simplified-psoriasis-index">https://www.globalpsoriasisatlas.org/en/simplified-psoriasis-index</a>), where they can be completed electronically using the interactive PDF files (see figures) or personalized and printed for completion by hand. This scale is also available in English, French, German, Dutch, Portuguese (Brazil), Arabic, and Thai.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of this project include the fact that the instrument was tested in a relatively small number of patients. The authors invite the dermatology community to experiment with the use of this instrument, which as well as being scientifically validated, provides additional advantages over other well-known scales. In particular, the self-assessment version allows patients to take part in the treatment of their disease and provide their physician with periodic assessments of their response to treatment, and this can be done remotely, if necessary.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Funding</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No funding exists for this project.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A.G. Ortega-Loayza is a consultant for Janssen and BMS.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1718474" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Method" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518644" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1718473" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Antecedentes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Método" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518643" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "SPI-s" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "SPI-p" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "SPI-i" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-01-12" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-11-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518644" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Spanish" 1 => "Psoriasis" 2 => "Severity scale" 3 => "Severity assessment" 4 => "Change in psychosocial impact" 5 => "Simplified psoriasis index" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1518643" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Español" 1 => "Psoriasis" 2 => "Escala" 3 => "Herramienta para evaluación de la gravedad" 4 => "Monitoreo de impacto psicosocial" 5 => "Índice de psoriasis simplificado" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The simplified psoriasis index (SPI) was developed in the United Kingdom to provide a simple summary measure for monitoring changes in psoriasis severity and associated psychosocial impact as well as for obtaining information about past disease behavior and treatment. Two complementary versions of the SPI allow for self-assessment by the patient or professional assessment by a doctor or nurse. Both versions have proven responsive to change, reliable, and interpretable, and to correlate well with assessment tools that are widely used in clinical trials—the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index. The SPI has already been translated into several languages, including French, Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Arabic, and Thai.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To translate the professional and self-assessment versions of the SPI to Spanish and to field test the translations.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Method</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A medically qualified native Spanish speaker translated both versions of the SPI into Spanish. The Spanish translations were discussed by comparing them to blinded back translations into English undertaken by native English speakers; the Spanish texts were then revised in an iterative process involving the translators, 4 dermatologists, and 20 patients. The patients scored their own experience of psoriasis with the self-assessment version and commented on it. The process involved checking the conceptual accuracy of the translation, language-related differences, and subtle gradations of meaning in a process involving all translators and a panel of both Spanish- and English-speaking dermatologists, including a coauthor of the SPI.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The final self-assessment and professional Spanish versions of the SPI are presented in this manuscript.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Castilian Spanish translations of both versions of the SPI are now available for monitoring disease changes in Spanish-speaking patients with psoriasis under routine clinical care.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Method" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El índice de psoriasis simplificado (SPI) fue desarrollado en el Reino Unido con el fin de proveer un resumen métrico para monitorizar los cambios en la gravedad de la psoriasis (SPI-s) y su impacto social asociado (SPI-p), junto con su comportamiento y tratamiento previo (SPI-i). Existen 2 versiones complementarias, una para profesionales de salud, incluidos médicos o enfermeras (proSPI) y otra para la autoevaluación de los pacientes (saSPI). Ambas versiones han demostrado tener una variabilidad al cambio, ser confiables y tener una buena correlación con los instrumentos más utilizados en los estudios clínicos, como el PASI y el DQLI. El SPI estaba ya disponible en versiones adaptadas del francés, portugués (Brasil), holandés, arábigo y tailandés.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del proyecto actual era producir y probar traducciones del proSPI y saSPI al español.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Método</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un médico hispanohablante realizó la primera traducción de ambas versiones al español. Ambas versiones fueron comparadas con sus contratraducciones al inglés de hablantes nativos, y luego fueron ajustadas en un proceso repetitivo de múltiples pasos conducidas por traductores, 4 dermatólogos y 20 pacientes quienes colaboraron con la evaluación del saSPI. Se verificó cuidadosamente la exactitud conceptual al revisar las discrepancias lingüísticas o diferencias sutiles en los significados en un proceso que involucró a todos los traductores y panel incluyendo dermatólogos de habla inglesa como hispana incluyendo a un cocreador del SPI.</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presentan en este manuscrito las versiones finales acordadas del SPI en español.</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las versiones del SPI en español (castellano) están ahora disponibles para monitorizar clínicamente a los pacientes con psoriasis.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Antecedentes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Método" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2096 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 442236 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Different stages, tasks, and participants involved in the translation and linguistic assessment of the SPI.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2376 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 868448 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Simplified psoriasis index – professional version (proSPI) (Part 1). (B) Simplified psoriasis index – professional version (proSPI) (Parts 2 and 3).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2372 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 826012 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Simplified psoriasis index – self-assessment version (saSPI) (Part 1). (B) Simplified psoriasis index – self-assessment version (saSPI) (Parts 2 and 3).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1957 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 454522 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Proforma for selecting treatments received. Both versions are available for free online for download. * They can be downloaded from the website: <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://globalpsoriasisatlas.org/">https://globalpsoriasisatlas.org/</span> under the “SPI” tab (<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="https://www.globalpsoriasisatlas.org/en/simplified-psoriasis-index">https://www.globalpsoriasisatlas.org/en/simplified-psoriasis-index</span>). * The original version and all translated versions of the simplified psoriasis index remain the property of the University of Manchester, United Kingdom, which grants free and unrestricted access for its use.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SPI-s: (current severity)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">This section considers the functional and additional psychosocial impact on special areas such as the scalp, face, hands, feet, and anogenital area. The extent of the 10 areas assessed is given a score of 0 if the disease is absent or minor, 0.5 if it is obvious, or 1 if it is widespread. Significant nail involvement is included in the severity score of the hands and feet. The current severity score, SPI-s, is the product of the extent score and a general assessment of the severity of the plaque scored from 0 to 5 and reflects the average of all the affected areas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,5–8</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SPI-p: (psychosocial impact)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The second component (SPI-p) indicates psychosocial impact using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5–8</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SPI-i: (past history and interventions received</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Finally, the third component was designed to reflect the past history, including duration of the disease and number and type of interventions received. This section includes 4 questions relating to the past history of the disease and 6 relating to prior treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,7,8</span></a> Templates are available with drop-down fields and free text to produce personalized forms that show the most relevant drugs for each region or department 4). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2917542.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Explanation of the 3 Components of the Simplified Psoriasis Index.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adaptation française d’un nouveau score destiné à l’évaluation globale de la sévérité du psoriasis: l’Indice Simplifié du Psoriasis (Simplified Psoriasis Index SPI)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.A. Richard" 1 => "S. Aractingi" 2 => "P. Joly" 3 => "E. Mahé" 4 => "P. Auquier" 5 => "S. Le Guen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.annder.2019.08.004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Dermatol Venereol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "146" "paginaInicial" => "783" "paginaFinal" => "792" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31623858" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Responsiveness to change and interpretability of the Simplified Psoriasis Index" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Chularojanamontri" 1 => "C.E.M. Griffiths" 2 => "R.J.G. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 20 | 18 | 38 |
| 2024 October | 119 | 63 | 182 |
| 2024 September | 126 | 49 | 175 |
| 2024 August | 137 | 77 | 214 |
| 2024 July | 99 | 48 | 147 |
| 2024 June | 97 | 90 | 187 |
| 2024 May | 85 | 60 | 145 |
| 2024 April | 87 | 35 | 122 |
| 2024 March | 97 | 54 | 151 |
| 2024 February | 99 | 48 | 147 |
| 2024 January | 87 | 33 | 120 |
| 2023 December | 84 | 40 | 124 |
| 2023 November | 109 | 52 | 161 |
| 2023 October | 98 | 46 | 144 |
| 2023 September | 110 | 47 | 157 |
| 2023 August | 83 | 26 | 109 |
| 2023 July | 76 | 43 | 119 |
| 2023 June | 73 | 27 | 100 |
| 2023 May | 69 | 30 | 99 |
| 2023 April | 62 | 36 | 98 |
| 2023 March | 98 | 45 | 143 |
| 2023 February | 55 | 19 | 74 |
| 2023 January | 66 | 54 | 120 |
| 2022 December | 74 | 80 | 154 |
| 2022 November | 82 | 49 | 131 |
| 2022 October | 75 | 54 | 129 |
| 2022 September | 63 | 72 | 135 |
| 2022 August | 59 | 55 | 114 |
| 2022 July | 51 | 46 | 97 |
| 2022 June | 76 | 70 | 146 |
| 2022 May | 93 | 53 | 146 |
| 2022 April | 56 | 51 | 107 |
| 2022 March | 57 | 73 | 130 |
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