Case and Research Letter
Effect of Cosmetic Camouflage in Adults With Vitiligo
Efecto del camuflaje cosmético en adultos con vitiligo
M.A. Morales-Sánchez
, J.P. Laguna-Meraz, M.L. Peralta-Pedrero, F. Jurado-Santa Cruz
Corresponding author
Centro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Jurado-Santa Cruz" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Morales-Sánchez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "marthamoralessanchez@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.P." "apellidos" => "Laguna-Meraz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Peralta-Pedrero" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Jurado-Santa Cruz" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Centro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efecto del camuflaje cosmético en adultos con vitiligo" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 835 "Ancho" => 1256 "Tamanyo" => 138457 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient without (A) and with (B) camouflage makeup.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vitiligo is the most common acquired form of skin dyschromia and impacts the quality of life of affected individuals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Cosmetic camouflage is a therapeutic alternative that can be used to improve skin appearance and hence quality of life in patients with skin dyschromia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An uncontrolled quasi-experimental study of patients with facial vitiligo treated at the Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua dermatology center, Mexico City, between July 2017 and May 2019, evaluated the impact of cosmetic camouflage on patient quality of life using generic and specific scales. The study was approved by relevant ethics and research committees and all study participants provided written informed consent. Adult vitiligo patients with spots in the facial region were recruited, regardless of the clinical variety and extent of the disease. Those with other concomitant dermatological diseases affecting the face, psychiatric diseases (depression and anxiety), and/or allergies to cosmetics were excluded.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quality of life was assessed using disease-specific (vitiligo quality-of-life index [VitiQol]) and generic (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], EuroQol-5 Dimension [EQ5D], and the Short Form Health Survey [SF36]) scales at the initial visit (V1) and at weeks 8 (V2) and 16 (V3) of the study. Validated Mexican Spanish versions of all scales were used. For normally distributed data, a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the scores of the quality-of-life questionnaires. In all other cases, the Friedman test was used. Statistical significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participants were instructed how to use cosmetic camouflage in a workshop led by a professional makeup artist. The product used was Dermablend (Vichy Laboratories). The authors received no financial compensation for the use of this protocol and Vichy México was not involved in the study design or execution, or the statistical analysis. All participants were instructed to apply cosmetic camouflage for 16 weeks.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 45 vitiligo patients with facial involvement were recruited. Of these, 42 completed 2 study visits and 38 completed the 3 scheduled visits. The sociodemographic variables of the study population are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Significant changes in post- versus pre-intervention quality-of-life scores in the different questionnaires are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. In the DLQI questionnaire, a significant change in the effect of vitiligo on quality of life was observed for 27 (64.3%) patients: quality-of-life improvements were observed in 1 category for 18 (66.7%) patients, 2 categories for 6 (22.2%) patients, and 3 categories for 3 (11.1%) patients. These findings were similar to those of Ogenage et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In our study, the use of cosmetic camouflage was associated with a positive change in quality of life that was evident within the first 8 weeks of intervention and, according to the results of the post hoc analysis, persisted until the end of the study (except for some categories of the SF36 questionnaire). These findings reflect a change that occurred shortly after beginning the intervention, as reported in similar studies in pediatric populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The specific scale used to measure quality of life in our study was the ViTiQol score, for which significant differences were observed after versus before the intervention. Our study is the first to use this instrument to evaluate the effect of interventions in vitiligo patients and revealed a significant correlation (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) between the DLQI and ViTiQol questionnaire findings, in line with a previous validation study performed in a Mexican population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of the other study variables (sex, age, educational level, and occupation) revealed no significant differences that were maintained at the end of the study.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, despite the study's limitations (including a predominantly female study population, the lack of a control group, and the absence of comparison with another intervention to improve quality of life), our findings demonstrate an improvement in quality of life in vitiligo patients who used cosmetic camouflage (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). This intervention proved to be fast and safe, with adequate adherence and good patient satisfaction, and therefore represents a valid option as a therapeutic supplement for vitiligo.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermablend products were donated by Vichy México. The authors did not receive any financial compensation for the study protocol used. Vichy México was not involved in the study design or execution, or in the statistical analysis.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 835 "Ancho" => 1256 "Tamanyo" => 138457 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient without (A) and with (B) camouflage makeup.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (22.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (77.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.7 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Education level</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No formal schooling \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (26.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (46.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Higher \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (24.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Occupation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Worker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (53.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-worker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (46.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Mean and standard deviation.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of the Participants.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: DLQI, Dermatology Life Quality Index; EQ5D, EuroQol-5 Dimension questionnaire; SF36, Short Form Health Survey; ViTiQol, Vitiligo Quality-Of-Life Index.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Before \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">After \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ViTiQol</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DLQI</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (3.5-12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1-6.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EQ5D (visual analog scale)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82 (80-90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90 (83-95) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SF36</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emotional limitations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 (33.3-100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 (100-100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emotional well-being \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 (52-78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76 (55-84) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Social functioning \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 (62.5-100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 (75-100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Analysis of variance.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Friedman test.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pre- Versus Post-Intervention Questionnaire Results.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Vitiligo" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Ezzedine" 1 => "V. Eleftheriadou" 2 => "M. Whitton" 3 => "N. van Geel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60763-7" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "386" "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "84" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25596811" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interventions for vitiligo" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "W. Me" 1 => "A. Dm" 2 => "B.U.G. Cw" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Library" "fecha" => "2015" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "48" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Emotional benefit of cosmetic camouflage in the treatment of facial skin conditions: personal experience and review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.L. Levy" 1 => "J.J. Emer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2147/CCID.S33860" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "173" "paginaFinal" => "182" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23152694" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quality of life and stigmatization profile in a cohort of vitiligo patients and effect of the use of camouflage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "K. Ongenae" 1 => "L. Dierckxsens" 2 => "L. Brochez" 3 => "N. Van Geel" 4 => "J.M. Naeyaert" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000084751" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatology" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "210" "paginaInicial" => "279" "paginaFinal" => "285" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15942213" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Camouflage for patients with vitiligo vulgaris improved their quality of life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Tanioka" 1 => "Y. Yamamoto" 2 => "M. Kato" 3 => "Y. Miyachi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00479.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cosmet Dermatol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "72" "paginaFinal" => "75" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20367677" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Therapeutic interventions to lessen the psychosocial effect of vitiligo in children: a review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.D. Cadmus" 1 => "A.D. Lundgren" 2 => "A.M. Ahmed" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/pde.13517" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "441" "paginaFinal" => "447" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29766546" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impact of vitiligo on quality of life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.A. Morales-Sánchez" 1 => "M. Vargas-Salinas" 2 => "M.L. Peralta-Pedrero" 3 => "M.G. Olguín- García" 4 => "F. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 23 | 18 | 41 |
| 2024 October | 154 | 72 | 226 |
| 2024 September | 129 | 43 | 172 |
| 2024 August | 146 | 85 | 231 |
| 2024 July | 115 | 45 | 160 |
| 2024 June | 115 | 70 | 185 |
| 2024 May | 112 | 53 | 165 |
| 2024 April | 85 | 44 | 129 |
| 2024 March | 93 | 48 | 141 |
| 2024 February | 81 | 43 | 124 |
| 2024 January | 71 | 29 | 100 |
| 2023 December | 76 | 27 | 103 |
| 2023 November | 65 | 37 | 102 |
| 2023 October | 83 | 37 | 120 |
| 2023 September | 73 | 38 | 111 |
| 2023 August | 56 | 16 | 72 |
| 2023 July | 68 | 37 | 105 |
| 2023 June | 72 | 35 | 107 |
| 2023 May | 63 | 28 | 91 |
| 2023 April | 53 | 42 | 95 |
| 2023 March | 54 | 40 | 94 |
| 2023 February | 61 | 43 | 104 |
| 2023 January | 62 | 43 | 105 |
| 2022 December | 69 | 44 | 113 |
| 2022 November | 45 | 57 | 102 |
| 2022 October | 75 | 50 | 125 |
| 2022 September | 55 | 48 | 103 |
| 2022 August | 69 | 60 | 129 |
| 2022 July | 57 | 48 | 105 |
| 2022 June | 64 | 40 | 104 |
| 2022 May | 146 | 57 | 203 |
| 2022 April | 78 | 49 | 127 |
| 2022 March | 98 | 70 | 168 |
| 2022 February | 49 | 58 | 107 |
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