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los 3 meses previos&#46; El paciente refer&#237;a haber experimentado un episodio previo de alopecia areata en placas m&#250;ltiples en la infancia &#40;a la edad de 6 a&#241;os&#41;&#44; que fue tratado por primera vez con minoxidil t&#243;pico &#8211;si bien desconoc&#237;a su concentraci&#243;n&#8211;&#44; con una resoluci&#243;n completa tras 6 meses de tratamiento&#46; No hab&#237;a experimentado nuevos episodios de alopecia areata en placa hasta el episodio actual&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica presentaba unas p&#225;pulas y unas placas eritematosas y edematosas en la regi&#243;n occipital del cuello &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A y B&#41;&#46; Las pruebas del parche se realizaron con la Serie Europea &#40;Chemotechnique Diagnostics&#44; Vellinge&#44; Suecia&#41;&#44; propilenglicol acuoso al 30&#37; y minoxidil al 1 y al 5&#37; en dimetilsulf&#243;xido &#40;DMSO&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41;&#46; Los resultados se interpretaron de acuerdo con los criterios del International Contact Dermatitis Research Group&#46; Las pruebas del parche se leyeron los d&#237;as 2 y 4&#46; El paciente mostr&#243; una reacci&#243;n negativa el d&#237;a 2 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41; y una reacci&#243;n positiva a la prueba del parche el d&#237;a 4 a minoxidil al 1 y 5&#37; en DMSO &#40;&#43;&#43;&#47;&#43;&#43;&#43;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>E&#41;&#59; 12 sujetos de control dieron resultados negativos en la prueba del parche con minoxidil al 1 y al 5&#37; en DMSO&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con los resultados obtenidos se estableci&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de dermatitis al&#233;rgica de contacto causada por minoxidil&#46; El eccema se resolvi&#243; completamente una semana despu&#233;s de la suspensi&#243;n del minoxidil t&#243;pico&#46; Se observ&#243; la ausencia de signos de repoblaci&#243;n folicular a pesar de la reacci&#243;n inflamatoria secundaria a la dermatitis de contacto por minoxidil&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen escasos casos descritos de dermatitis al&#233;rgica de contacto causada por minoxidil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Otros cuadros dermatol&#243;gicos de contacto relacionados con la aplicaci&#243;n t&#243;pica de minoxidil incluyen la dermatitis de contacto al&#233;rgica pustulosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; la dermatitis de contacto al&#233;rgica ocupacional y la dermatitis de contacto pigmentada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; se ha informado una reacci&#243;n al&#233;rgica persistente a la prueba del parche al minoxidil que se ha manifestado mediante una hiperplasia linfoide cut&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La selecci&#243;n del veh&#237;culo para la prueba del parche es importante&#46; Aplicar el parche con el producto propio puede generar dudas&#44; ya que la soluci&#243;n t&#243;pica de minoxidil contiene propilenglicol&#46; Por ello elegimos DMSO para el parche de medicamentos&#44; ya que hace que los principios activos penetren mejor en la piel&#44; y es v&#225;lido tanto para sustancias hidr&#243;filas como lip&#243;filas&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recientemente&#44; el uso de minoxidil oral ha revolucionado el tratamiento de algunas variedades de alopecia &#40;alopecia androg&#233;nica&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; La identificaci&#243;n de pacientes con sensibilizaci&#243;n al minoxidil t&#243;pico puede ser relevante&#44; ya que algunos de los pacientes con alopecia podr&#237;an requerir la utilizaci&#243;n de minoxidil oral para controlar su proceso tricol&#243;gico&#46; Si bien las primeras series publicadas parecen descartarlo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> y parece poder usarse sin problema&#44; 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CARTA CIENTÍFICO-CLÍNICA
Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por minoxidil en paciente con alopecia areata
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Minoxidil in a Patient with Alopecia Areata
F.J. Navarro-Triviño, M.D. Pegalajar-García, A. Gil-Villalba, R. Ruiz-Villaverde
Corresponding author
ismenios@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, España
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        "titulo" => "Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Minoxidil in a Patient with Alopecia Areata"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A y B&#46; Erupci&#243;n eccematosa en el cuello&#46; C&#46; Minoxidil al 1 y 5&#37; en DMSO preparado por nuestro Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria&#46; D&#46; Prueba de parche negativa en el d&#237;a 2 de minoxidil al 1 y 5&#37; en DMSO&#46; E&#46; Prueba de parche positiva en el d&#237;a 4 de minoxidil al 1 y 5&#37; en DMSO&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El 1-&#243;xido de 2&#44;6-diamino-4-piperidinopirimidina t&#243;pico &#40;minoxidil&#41; es posiblemente el tratamiento m&#225;s com&#250;nmente utilizado para diferentes tipos de alopecia&#46; Aunque la soluci&#243;n t&#243;pica de minoxidil suele tolerarse bien&#44; algunos pacientes refieren prurito con su aplicaci&#243;n continuada y presentan una dermatitis irritativa&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un var&#243;n de 38 a&#241;os&#44; sin antecedentes personales ni familiares de inter&#233;s&#44; fue remitido a nuestra unidad de inmunoalergia cut&#225;nea por presentar una erupci&#243;n eccematosa localizada en el cuello&#44; que se hab&#237;a desarrollado en el transcurso de los &#250;ltimos 2 meses&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El paciente&#44; diagnosticado de alopecia areata&#44; llevaba trat&#225;ndose con minoxidil t&#243;pico &#40;Regaxidil&#174;&#41; los 3 meses previos&#46; El paciente refer&#237;a haber experimentado un episodio previo de alopecia areata en placas m&#250;ltiples en la infancia &#40;a la edad de 6 a&#241;os&#41;&#44; que fue tratado por primera vez con minoxidil t&#243;pico &#8211;si bien desconoc&#237;a su concentraci&#243;n&#8211;&#44; con una resoluci&#243;n completa tras 6 meses de tratamiento&#46; No hab&#237;a experimentado nuevos episodios de alopecia areata en placa hasta el episodio actual&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica presentaba unas p&#225;pulas y unas placas eritematosas y edematosas en la regi&#243;n occipital del cuello &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A y B&#41;&#46; Las pruebas del parche se realizaron con la Serie Europea &#40;Chemotechnique Diagnostics&#44; Vellinge&#44; Suecia&#41;&#44; propilenglicol acuoso al 30&#37; y minoxidil al 1 y al 5&#37; en dimetilsulf&#243;xido &#40;DMSO&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41;&#46; Los resultados se interpretaron de acuerdo con los criterios del International Contact Dermatitis Research Group&#46; Las pruebas del parche se leyeron los d&#237;as 2 y 4&#46; El paciente mostr&#243; una reacci&#243;n negativa el d&#237;a 2 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41; y una reacci&#243;n positiva a la prueba del parche el d&#237;a 4 a minoxidil al 1 y 5&#37; en DMSO &#40;&#43;&#43;&#47;&#43;&#43;&#43;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>E&#41;&#59; 12 sujetos de control dieron resultados negativos en la prueba del parche con minoxidil al 1 y al 5&#37; en DMSO&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con los resultados obtenidos se estableci&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de dermatitis al&#233;rgica de contacto causada por minoxidil&#46; El eccema se resolvi&#243; completamente una semana despu&#233;s de la suspensi&#243;n del minoxidil t&#243;pico&#46; Se observ&#243; la ausencia de signos de repoblaci&#243;n folicular a pesar de la reacci&#243;n inflamatoria secundaria a la dermatitis de contacto por minoxidil&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen escasos casos descritos de dermatitis al&#233;rgica de contacto causada por minoxidil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Otros cuadros dermatol&#243;gicos de contacto relacionados con la aplicaci&#243;n t&#243;pica de minoxidil incluyen la dermatitis de contacto al&#233;rgica pustulosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; la dermatitis de contacto al&#233;rgica ocupacional y la dermatitis de contacto pigmentada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; se ha informado una reacci&#243;n al&#233;rgica persistente a la prueba del parche al minoxidil que se ha manifestado mediante una hiperplasia linfoide cut&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La selecci&#243;n del veh&#237;culo para la prueba del parche es importante&#46; Aplicar el parche con el producto propio puede generar dudas&#44; ya que la soluci&#243;n t&#243;pica de minoxidil contiene propilenglicol&#46; Por ello elegimos DMSO para el parche de medicamentos&#44; ya que hace que los principios activos penetren mejor en la piel&#44; y es v&#225;lido tanto para sustancias hidr&#243;filas como lip&#243;filas&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recientemente&#44; el uso de minoxidil oral ha revolucionado el tratamiento de algunas variedades de alopecia &#40;alopecia androg&#233;nica&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; La identificaci&#243;n de pacientes con sensibilizaci&#243;n al minoxidil t&#243;pico puede ser relevante&#44; ya que algunos de los pacientes con alopecia podr&#237;an requerir la utilizaci&#243;n de minoxidil oral para controlar su proceso tricol&#243;gico&#46; Si bien las primeras series publicadas parecen descartarlo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> y parece poder usarse sin problema&#44; es plausible que alguno de estos pacientes pueda llegar a desarrollar una dermatitis de contacto sist&#233;mica&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 00017310
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