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La infiltraci&#243;n difusa de la regi&#243;n malar le confer&#237;a el aspecto de facies leonina&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41; Los m&#250;ltiples n&#243;dulos subcut&#225;neos con hiperpigmentaci&#243;n de la piel circundante se distribu&#237;an sim&#233;tricamente en las espinillas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; En el examen neurol&#243;gico documentamos reducci&#243;n de la sensibilidad t&#225;ctil&#44; t&#233;rmica y dolorosa en el pie izquierdo&#44; sin haces nerviosos ni deformaciones &#243;seas palpables&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histopatolog&#237;a y diagn&#243;stico</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La biopsia cut&#225;nea revel&#243; un infiltrado d&#233;rmico difuso con tropismo periecrino y perineural&#44; predominantemente de histiocitos espumosos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>a-c&#41;&#46; La tinci&#243;n de Fite-Faraco&#160;revel&#243; numerosos bacilos intracelulares&#44; formando grupos dispersos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>d&#41;&#44; lo cual nos llev&#243; a diagnosticar lepra multibacilar&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cu&#225;l es el diagn&#243;stico&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Diagn&#243;stico</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enfermedad de Hasen&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Tratamiento</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se inici&#243; terapia multifarmacol&#243;gica de acuerdo con el programa de la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud &#40;rifampicina 600 mg mensuales&#44; clofazimina 300 mg mensuales y 50 mg diarios&#44; dapsona 100 mg diarios&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Se examin&#243; a los familiares cercanos de la paciente&#44; y ninguno de ellos mostr&#243; cambios sospechosos&#46; Se observ&#243; una notable mejor&#237;a de la situaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#44; incluyendo la recuperaci&#243;n parcial de la sensibilidad en las tres primeas semanas de la terapia&#46; Hasta la fecha se han completado siete meses de tratamiento de un total de 12-18 meses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Comentario</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad de Hansen&#44; causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium leprae</span>&#44; afecta normalmente a la piel y los nervios perif&#233;ricos&#44; aunque puede tener un amplio rango de posibles manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Erradicada en Portugal desde los a&#241;os 80&#44; la enfermedad de Hansen sigue siendo end&#233;mica en ciertas regiones de Asia&#44; &#193;frica&#44; Centroam&#233;rica y Sudam&#233;rica&#46; Dependiendo del tipo de inmunidad mostrado por el hu&#233;sped y la intensidad de la respuesta frente a las micobacterias&#44; la enfermedad puede agruparse en dos grandes categor&#237;as&#58; lepromatosa y tuberculoide&#44; con formas intermedias entre estos dos polos opuestos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El periodo de incubaci&#243;n var&#237;a considerablemente de cuatro a 10 a&#241;os y puede durar hasta tres d&#233;cadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En cuanto al tratamiento&#44; los f&#225;rmacos prometedores futuros incluyen moxifloxacina&#44; claritromicina y rifapentina&#46; Este &#250;ltimo tiene mayores concentraciones s&#233;ricas m&#225;ximas&#44; una mayor vida media s&#233;rica y m&#225;s actividad bactericida contra <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; leprae</span> que rifampicina&#46; De igual modo&#44; moxifloxacina parece ser m&#225;s bactericida que ofloxacina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de ser una enfermedad curable con pron&#243;stico excelente&#44; la investigaci&#243;n y el tratamiento oportunos de la enfermedad de Hansen son esenciales&#44; ya que su situaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica de lenta progresi&#243;n puede derivar en mayor deformaci&#243;n e incapacidad estigmatizantes&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestra paciente proven&#237;a de un pa&#237;s de riesgo y esta informaci&#243;n fue esencial para nuestra sospecha diagn&#243;stica&#44; ya que otras causas de facies leonina incluyen leishmaniasis&#44; linfoma cut&#225;neo y escleromixedema&#44; entre otros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este caso subraya la necesidad de la concienciaci&#243;n sobre las manifestaciones cut&#225;neas de la lepra y nos recuerda que&#44; 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CASOS PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO
Tras la facies leonina
Behind a Leonine Facies
M. Batista
Corresponding author
sousabatistamariana@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, J.C. Cardoso, A. Figueiredo
Departamento de Dermatología, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; Infiltrado difuso&#44; p&#225;lido&#44; d&#233;rmico que se expande a la zona m&#225;s superficial de la dermis &#40;zona de Grenz&#41;&#44; compuesto predominantemente de histiocitos espumosos&#46; &#40;b&#44; c&#41; Tropismo periecrino y perineural del infiltrado&#46; &#40;d&#41; Conglomerados m&#250;ltiples de bacilos &#40;globis&#41;&#46; &#40;a-c&#41; H&#38;E&#44; &#40;a&#41; x 40&#44; &#40;b&#41; x 100&#44; &#40;c&#41; x 400&#59; &#40;d&#41; tinci&#243;n de Fite-Faraco&#44; x 200&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Historia cl&#237;nica</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una mujer de 36 a&#241;os de edad acudi&#243; con lesiones cut&#225;neas y p&#233;rdida de sensaci&#243;n en el pie izquierdo&#44; de dos a&#241;os de evoluci&#243;n&#46; Ten&#237;a nacionalidad brasile&#241;a&#44; pero viv&#237;a en Portugal desde hac&#237;a 17 a&#241;os&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica revel&#243; m&#250;ltiples lesiones eritematosas o p&#225;pulo-nodulares marrones con consistencia firme en el labio superior&#44; regi&#243;n interciliar&#44; ment&#243;n y dorso nasal&#44; con distribuci&#243;n bastante sim&#233;trica&#46; La infiltraci&#243;n difusa de la regi&#243;n malar le confer&#237;a el aspecto de facies leonina&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41; Los m&#250;ltiples n&#243;dulos subcut&#225;neos con hiperpigmentaci&#243;n de la piel circundante se distribu&#237;an sim&#233;tricamente en las espinillas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; En el examen neurol&#243;gico documentamos reducci&#243;n de la sensibilidad t&#225;ctil&#44; t&#233;rmica y dolorosa en el pie izquierdo&#44; sin haces nerviosos ni deformaciones &#243;seas palpables&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histopatolog&#237;a y diagn&#243;stico</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La biopsia cut&#225;nea revel&#243; un infiltrado d&#233;rmico difuso con tropismo periecrino y perineural&#44; predominantemente de histiocitos espumosos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>a-c&#41;&#46; La tinci&#243;n de Fite-Faraco&#160;revel&#243; numerosos bacilos intracelulares&#44; formando grupos dispersos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>d&#41;&#44; lo cual nos llev&#243; a diagnosticar lepra multibacilar&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cu&#225;l es el diagn&#243;stico&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Diagn&#243;stico</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enfermedad de Hasen&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Tratamiento</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se inici&#243; terapia multifarmacol&#243;gica de acuerdo con el programa de la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud &#40;rifampicina 600 mg mensuales&#44; clofazimina 300 mg mensuales y 50 mg diarios&#44; dapsona 100 mg diarios&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Se examin&#243; a los familiares cercanos de la paciente&#44; y ninguno de ellos mostr&#243; cambios sospechosos&#46; Se observ&#243; una notable mejor&#237;a de la situaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#44; incluyendo la recuperaci&#243;n parcial de la sensibilidad en las tres primeas semanas de la terapia&#46; Hasta la fecha se han completado siete meses de tratamiento de un total de 12-18 meses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Comentario</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad de Hansen&#44; causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium leprae</span>&#44; afecta normalmente a la piel y los nervios perif&#233;ricos&#44; aunque puede tener un amplio rango de posibles manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Erradicada en Portugal desde los a&#241;os 80&#44; la enfermedad de Hansen sigue siendo end&#233;mica en ciertas regiones de Asia&#44; &#193;frica&#44; Centroam&#233;rica y Sudam&#233;rica&#46; Dependiendo del tipo de inmunidad mostrado por el hu&#233;sped y la intensidad de la respuesta frente a las micobacterias&#44; la enfermedad puede agruparse en dos grandes categor&#237;as&#58; lepromatosa y tuberculoide&#44; con formas intermedias entre estos dos polos opuestos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El periodo de incubaci&#243;n var&#237;a considerablemente de cuatro a 10 a&#241;os y puede durar hasta tres d&#233;cadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En cuanto al tratamiento&#44; los f&#225;rmacos prometedores futuros incluyen moxifloxacina&#44; claritromicina y rifapentina&#46; Este &#250;ltimo tiene mayores concentraciones s&#233;ricas m&#225;ximas&#44; una mayor vida media s&#233;rica y m&#225;s actividad bactericida contra <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; leprae</span> que rifampicina&#46; De igual modo&#44; moxifloxacina parece ser m&#225;s bactericida que ofloxacina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de ser una enfermedad curable con pron&#243;stico excelente&#44; la investigaci&#243;n y el tratamiento oportunos de la enfermedad de Hansen son esenciales&#44; ya que su situaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica de lenta progresi&#243;n puede derivar en mayor deformaci&#243;n e incapacidad estigmatizantes&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestra paciente proven&#237;a de un pa&#237;s de riesgo y esta informaci&#243;n fue esencial para nuestra sospecha diagn&#243;stica&#44; ya que otras causas de facies leonina incluyen leishmaniasis&#44; linfoma cut&#225;neo y escleromixedema&#44; entre otros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este caso subraya la necesidad de la concienciaci&#243;n sobre las manifestaciones cut&#225;neas de la lepra y nos recuerda que&#44; aunque es rara en los pa&#237;ses desarrollados&#44; en el contexto actual de globalizaci&#243;n puede seguir present&#225;ndose en la cl&#237;nica de hoy en d&#237;a&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninguno&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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