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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los hematomas profundos disecantes y la fascitis necrosante requieren un desbridamiento temprano que suele provocar grandes defectos cut&#225;neos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; El cierre por segunda intenci&#243;n de estas &#250;lceras suele conllevar curas dolorosas y mucho tiempo hasta su completa resoluci&#243;n&#46; La terapia de presi&#243;n negativa &#40;TPN&#41; ha sido usada cl&#225;sicamente para favorecer la creaci&#243;n de tejido de granulaci&#243;n y mejorar el lecho de la &#250;lcera&#44; pero tambi&#233;n es &#250;til para fijar un injerto cut&#225;neo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El uso de presi&#243;n negativa en el injerto puede aumentar la adhesi&#243;n&#44; a la vez que aspira los exudados y reduce la maceraci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Presentamos 4 casos de pacientes tratados con esta t&#233;cnica con &#250;lceras en miembros inferiores tras el desbridamiento de un hematoma profundo disecante o una fascitis necrosante&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&#44; sus &#250;lceras y el tipo de injerto se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Todos los pacientes presentaban las &#250;lceras en los miembros inferiores y estas eran de tama&#241;o variable &#40;de 65 a 210 cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> A&#44; B&#41;&#46; El tipo de injerto se decidi&#243; seg&#250;n el tama&#241;o de la &#250;lcera y la experiencia del dermat&#243;logo&#59; se us&#243; un injerto laminar en 3 de los 4 casos&#46; Se coloc&#243; un ap&#243;sito no adhesivo &#40;Atrauman&#174;&#41; y toda la zona se sell&#243; con un sistema de TPN &#40;VAC&#174;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; El sistema de presi&#243;n negativa se program&#243; a una presi&#243;n continua de &#8722;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46; Durante 5 d&#237;as todos los pacientes permanecieron hospitalizados&#44; sin necesitar ning&#250;n tipo de cura adicional&#46; En el quinto d&#237;a del posoperatorio se retir&#243; el sistema de TPN y los pacientes pasaron a un r&#233;gimen de curas ambulatorias a d&#237;as alternos usando ap&#243;sitos convencionales y compresi&#243;n&#44; seg&#250;n el aspecto del injerto&#46; En todos los pacientes el injerto prendi&#243; al quinto d&#237;a &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> C&#44; D&#41; y la &#250;lcera estaba totalmente resuelta en el d&#237;a 30 del posoperatorio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> E&#44; F&#41;&#46; Presentaron complicaciones 3 de los 4 pacientes&#44; en 2 de ellos fueron menores&#44; tal y como se resume en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; El paciente 2 present&#243; infecci&#243;n de la zona donante por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas areuginosa</span>&#44; que se trat&#243; con ap&#243;sitos de plata y ciprofloxacino oral&#44; sin repercutir en el resultado final de la intervenci&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El desbridamiento quir&#250;rgico del hematoma profundo disecante y la fascitis necrosante provocan grandes defectos cut&#225;neos&#44; generalmente de espesor total&#46; La reparaci&#243;n del tejido perdido se inicia mediante el tejido de granulaci&#243;n para que&#44; despu&#233;s&#44; se desencadene el recubrimiento epitelial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; La TPN puede ser usada para estimular la formaci&#243;n del tejido de granulaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; mientras que los injertos cut&#225;neos son una t&#233;cnica que sustituye al recubrimiento epitelial y acelera el proceso de cicatrizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Es&#44; por tanto&#44; esencial saber c&#243;mo maximizar la viabilidad del injerto a la vez que se minimizan las complicaciones de la cirug&#237;a&#46; La presi&#243;n y el tiempo que se mantiene la TPN sobre el injerto son las principales variables en esta t&#233;cnica&#46; Existen datos que indican que una presi&#243;n continua negativa de &#8722;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg en los injertos cut&#225;neos provoca menos inflamaci&#243;n y aumenta la producci&#243;n de fibrin&#243;geno respecto a presiones mayores o a no aplicar ninguna presi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no hay datos que demuestren el tiempo &#243;ptimo que debe mantenerse sobre el injerto&#59; lo m&#225;s frecuente es retirarlo entre los d&#237;as 4 y 7 tras la intervenci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El incremento en el coste con respecto a un injerto convencional sin presi&#243;n negativa es de unos 400 d&#243;lares &#40;338&#44;72 euros&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; por lo que su eficiencia depende del ahorro de otros costes&#44; como el tiempo de ingreso y la necesidad de repetir la intervenci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica&#46; Un metaan&#225;lisis reciente mostr&#243; que la TPN aumenta la posibilidad de que el injerto sea viable y reduce la ratio de reintervenci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; es importante destacar la heterogeneidad de los estudios incluidos&#44; especialmente en cuanto a la etiolog&#237;a de las &#250;lceras&#44; para interpretar estos resultados con cautela&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las principales limitaciones de nuestro estudio son&#44; en primer lugar&#44; el bajo n&#250;mero de pacientes incluidos&#44; y&#44; en segundo lugar&#44; la ausencia de un grupo control&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En resumen&#44; presentamos 4 casos en los que se fij&#243; un injerto cut&#225;neo con TPN en pacientes con &#250;lceras secundarias a hematoma profundo disecante o a fascitis necrosante&#46; Este es un procedimiento sencillo&#44; basado en t&#233;cnicas ampliamente conocidas por los dermat&#243;logos&#44; que puede ser una alternativa a la t&#233;cnica tradicional&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se necesitan m&#225;s estudios para asegurar su eficacia y eficiencia en este tipo de &#250;lceras&#46;</p></span>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Edad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Causa del defecto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ACO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tama&#241;o&#47;&#225;rea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TPN previa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de injerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Injerto viable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Complicaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hematoma profundo disecante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTADL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laminar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maceraci&#243;n de los bordes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">H&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fascitis necrosante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTAIVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;210<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laminar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecci&#243;n de la zona donante por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; aeruginosa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hematoma profundo disecante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTADMERCEAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Piel total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hematoma de la zona donante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">H&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fascitis necrosante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTAIVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;87&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laminar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ninguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&#44; tipo de &#250;lcera y complicaciones</p>"
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    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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        0 => array:2 [
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Necrotizing fasciitis&#58; Treatment concepts and clinical results"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Leiblein"
                            1 => "I&#46; Marzi"
                            2 => "A&#46;L&#46; Sander"
                            3 => "J&#46;H&#46; Barker"
                            4 => "F&#46; Ebert"
                            5 => "J&#46; Frank"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00068-017-0792-8"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "279"
                        "paginaFinal" => "290"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28484782"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                          "pii" => "S0140673620325496"
                          "estado" => "S300"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Saurat J-H&#46; Deep dissecting hematoma&#58; An emerging severe complication of dermatoporosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Kaya"
                            1 => "F&#46; Jacobs"
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CARTA CIENTÍFICO-CLÍNICA
Uso de la terapia de presión negativa para fijar injertos cutáneos en úlceras secundarias a hematoma profundo disecante o a fascitis necrosante
Negative Pressure for Securing Skin Grafts for Treating Ulcers due to Deep Dissecting Hematomas or Necrotizing Fasciitis
J. Martín-Alcalde
Corresponding author
, C. Sarró-Fuente, R. Miñano-Medrano, J.L. López-Estebaranz
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón (Madrid), España
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    "titulo" => "Uso de la terapia de presi&#243;n negativa para fijar injertos cut&#225;neos en &#250;lceras secundarias a hematoma profundo disecante o a fascitis necrosante"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Defecto inicial tras refrescar los bordes&#46; B&#41; Extracci&#243;n del injerto laminar con un dermatomo&#46; C&#41; Colocaci&#243;n del injerto en el lecho&#44; se realizan cortes para asegurar la aspiraci&#243;n de exudados&#46; D&#41; Sistema de presi&#243;n negativa sobre el injerto&#44; asegurando el contacto con el lecho&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los hematomas profundos disecantes y la fascitis necrosante requieren un desbridamiento temprano que suele provocar grandes defectos cut&#225;neos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; El cierre por segunda intenci&#243;n de estas &#250;lceras suele conllevar curas dolorosas y mucho tiempo hasta su completa resoluci&#243;n&#46; La terapia de presi&#243;n negativa &#40;TPN&#41; ha sido usada cl&#225;sicamente para favorecer la creaci&#243;n de tejido de granulaci&#243;n y mejorar el lecho de la &#250;lcera&#44; pero tambi&#233;n es &#250;til para fijar un injerto cut&#225;neo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El uso de presi&#243;n negativa en el injerto puede aumentar la adhesi&#243;n&#44; a la vez que aspira los exudados y reduce la maceraci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Presentamos 4 casos de pacientes tratados con esta t&#233;cnica con &#250;lceras en miembros inferiores tras el desbridamiento de un hematoma profundo disecante o una fascitis necrosante&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&#44; sus &#250;lceras y el tipo de injerto se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Todos los pacientes presentaban las &#250;lceras en los miembros inferiores y estas eran de tama&#241;o variable &#40;de 65 a 210 cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> A&#44; B&#41;&#46; El tipo de injerto se decidi&#243; seg&#250;n el tama&#241;o de la &#250;lcera y la experiencia del dermat&#243;logo&#59; se us&#243; un injerto laminar en 3 de los 4 casos&#46; Se coloc&#243; un ap&#243;sito no adhesivo &#40;Atrauman&#174;&#41; y toda la zona se sell&#243; con un sistema de TPN &#40;VAC&#174;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; El sistema de presi&#243;n negativa se program&#243; a una presi&#243;n continua de &#8722;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46; Durante 5 d&#237;as todos los pacientes permanecieron hospitalizados&#44; sin necesitar ning&#250;n tipo de cura adicional&#46; En el quinto d&#237;a del posoperatorio se retir&#243; el sistema de TPN y los pacientes pasaron a un r&#233;gimen de curas ambulatorias a d&#237;as alternos usando ap&#243;sitos convencionales y compresi&#243;n&#44; seg&#250;n el aspecto del injerto&#46; En todos los pacientes el injerto prendi&#243; al quinto d&#237;a &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> C&#44; D&#41; y la &#250;lcera estaba totalmente resuelta en el d&#237;a 30 del posoperatorio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> E&#44; F&#41;&#46; Presentaron complicaciones 3 de los 4 pacientes&#44; en 2 de ellos fueron menores&#44; tal y como se resume en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; El paciente 2 present&#243; infecci&#243;n de la zona donante por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas areuginosa</span>&#44; que se trat&#243; con ap&#243;sitos de plata y ciprofloxacino oral&#44; sin repercutir en el resultado final de la intervenci&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El desbridamiento quir&#250;rgico del hematoma profundo disecante y la fascitis necrosante provocan grandes defectos cut&#225;neos&#44; generalmente de espesor total&#46; La reparaci&#243;n del tejido perdido se inicia mediante el tejido de granulaci&#243;n para que&#44; despu&#233;s&#44; se desencadene el recubrimiento epitelial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; La TPN puede ser usada para estimular la formaci&#243;n del tejido de granulaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; mientras que los injertos cut&#225;neos son una t&#233;cnica que sustituye al recubrimiento epitelial y acelera el proceso de cicatrizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Es&#44; por tanto&#44; esencial saber c&#243;mo maximizar la viabilidad del injerto a la vez que se minimizan las complicaciones de la cirug&#237;a&#46; La presi&#243;n y el tiempo que se mantiene la TPN sobre el injerto son las principales variables en esta t&#233;cnica&#46; Existen datos que indican que una presi&#243;n continua negativa de &#8722;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg en los injertos cut&#225;neos provoca menos inflamaci&#243;n y aumenta la producci&#243;n de fibrin&#243;geno respecto a presiones mayores o a no aplicar ninguna presi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no hay datos que demuestren el tiempo &#243;ptimo que debe mantenerse sobre el injerto&#59; lo m&#225;s frecuente es retirarlo entre los d&#237;as 4 y 7 tras la intervenci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El incremento en el coste con respecto a un injerto convencional sin presi&#243;n negativa es de unos 400 d&#243;lares &#40;338&#44;72 euros&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; por lo que su eficiencia depende del ahorro de otros costes&#44; como el tiempo de ingreso y la necesidad de repetir la intervenci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica&#46; Un metaan&#225;lisis reciente mostr&#243; que la TPN aumenta la posibilidad de que el injerto sea viable y reduce la ratio de reintervenci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; es importante destacar la heterogeneidad de los estudios incluidos&#44; especialmente en cuanto a la etiolog&#237;a de las &#250;lceras&#44; para interpretar estos resultados con cautela&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las principales limitaciones de nuestro estudio son&#44; en primer lugar&#44; el bajo n&#250;mero de pacientes incluidos&#44; y&#44; en segundo lugar&#44; la ausencia de un grupo control&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En resumen&#44; presentamos 4 casos en los que se fij&#243; un injerto cut&#225;neo con TPN en pacientes con &#250;lceras secundarias a hematoma profundo disecante o a fascitis necrosante&#46; Este es un procedimiento sencillo&#44; basado en t&#233;cnicas ampliamente conocidas por los dermat&#243;logos&#44; que puede ser una alternativa a la t&#233;cnica tradicional&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se necesitan m&#225;s estudios para asegurar su eficacia y eficiencia en este tipo de &#250;lceras&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fascitis necrosante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTAIVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;210<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laminar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecci&#243;n de la zona donante por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; aeruginosa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hematoma profundo disecante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTADMERCEAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">H&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTAIVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#47;87&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Ninguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&#44; tipo de &#250;lcera y complicaciones</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of negative pressure closure in the integration of split thickness skin grafts&#58; A randomized&#44; double-masked&#44; controlled trial"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            1 => "S&#46; Danilla"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Webster"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Rapp"
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                          "etal" => false
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                            2 => "J&#46;S&#46; Brown"
                            3 => "F&#46; Bekiroglu"
                            4 => "R&#46;J&#46; Shaw"
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                      "titulo" => "Negative-pressure therapy versus conventional therapy on split-thickness skin graft&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            2 => "S&#46; Li"
                            3 => "J&#46; Guo"
                            4 => "Z&#46; Hou"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Zhang"
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Article information
ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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