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Incluyeron a 695 pacientes con PN &#40;51&#44;6&#37; mujeres&#41;&#44; edad de 40 a 69 a&#241;os&#44; y los compararon con un grupo control de m&#225;s de 2 millones de individuos de similares caracter&#237;sticas&#46; El 17&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes con PN presentaba alguna neoplasia asociada&#46; Los individuos con PN ten&#237;an 4 veces m&#225;s probabilidades de presentar una neoplasia maligna que los controles &#40;OR 4&#44;54&#59; 95&#37; IC 3&#44;74-5&#44;52&#41;&#46; Lo m&#225;s frecuente fueron los carcinomas cut&#225;neos &#40;47&#37;&#41; &#40;mayoritariamente carcinoma basocelular&#44; seguido de carcinoma escamoso y melanoma&#41;&#44; los tumores malignos de &#243;rgano s&#243;lido &#40;32&#37;&#41; &#40;m&#225;s frecuentemente patolog&#237;a tumoral genital femenina&#44; carcinoma pulmonar y gastrointestinal&#41; y neoplasias hematol&#243;gicas &#40;21&#37;&#41; &#40;principalmente linfoma no Hodgkin&#44; mieloma m&#250;ltiple y linfomas cut&#225;neos primarios&#41;&#46; El grupo con PN tuvo un riesgo significativamente mayor de c&#225;ncer cut&#225;neo &#40;OR 10&#44;94&#59; 95&#37; IC 8&#44;01-14&#44;96&#41;&#44; linfoma cut&#225;neo primario &#40;OR 24&#44;82&#59; 95&#37; IC 7&#44;96-77&#44;46&#41; y neoplasia de genitales femeninos &#40;OR 11&#44;00&#59; 95&#37; IC 4&#44;90-24&#44;68&#41;&#44; entre otros tumores malignos&#44; que el grupo control&#46; El mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico por el cual las neoplasias se asociar&#237;an al PN es desconocido&#44; podr&#237;a relacionarse con un estado proinflamatorio&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada la elevada asociaci&#243;n tumoral encontrada en esta serie&#44; se recomienda mantener un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha en estos casos&#44; examinar minuciosamente la piel y mucosas del paciente&#44; realizar pruebas complementarias &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#44; incluyendo el despistaje de neoplasias recomendado seg&#250;n sexo y edad&#44; y tener un enfoque multidisciplinario<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al tratamiento del PN&#44; la evidencia es limitada&#44; con menos de diez ensayos cl&#237;nicos publicados&#44; la mayor&#237;a con un n&#250;mero peque&#241;o de casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Se han descrito buenas respuestas con corticoides e inhibidores de la calcineurina t&#243;picos&#44; fototerapia&#44; talidomida &#40;peor perfil de seguridad&#41;&#44; antiepil&#233;pticos o anticonvulsivantes &#40;pregabalina&#44; gabapentina&#44; amitriptilina&#41;&#44; ciclosporina y metotrexato&#46; Un reciente estudio retrospectivo en 39 pacientes con PN refractario mostr&#243; una tasa de respuesta objetiva con metotrexato de aproximadamente el 90&#37; a los 3 y 12 meses&#44; con una respuesta completa en el 57&#37; a los 12 meses&#46; El 12&#37; debi&#243; suspender el tratamiento por efectos adversos &#40;transaminitis&#44; neumonitis o s&#237;ntomas gastrointestinales&#44; entre otros&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En nuestra experiencia&#44; tambi&#233;n hemos observado respuestas exitosas con metotrexato y con pregabalina&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algunas terapias emergentes son los inhibidores del receptor de la neurokinina-1 como el aprepitant o serlopitant &#40;con un ensayo fase-3 a&#250;n no publicado&#41;&#44; inhibidores de la interleuquina 31 como el nemolizumab &#40;actualmente en ensayo cl&#237;nico fase-2&#41;&#44; agonistas&#47;antagonistas de receptores opioides como la nalbufina&#44; y el inhibidor de la interleuquina 4&#44; dupilumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El PN puede asociarse a neoplasias&#46; 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FORO DE RESIDENTES
FR-Prurigo nodular: asociación con neoplasias, pruebas complementarias y nuevos tratamientos
RF-Prurigo Nodularis: Associations With Neoplasms, Recommendations for Additional Testing, and Novel Treatments
L. Serra-García, D. Morgado-Carrasco
Corresponding author
danielmorgado@yahoo.com.ar

Autor para correspondencia.
Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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        "titulo" => "RF-Prurigo Nodularis&#58; Associations With Neoplasms&#44; Recommendations for Additional Testing&#44; and Novel Treatments"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El prurigo nodular &#40;PN&#41; es una dermatosis pruriginosa cr&#243;nica de dif&#237;cil tratamiento y puede impactar significativamente la calidad de vida&#46; Es una neurodermitis donde el ciclo prurito-rascado perpet&#250;a las lesiones nodulares&#46; La causa del PN es desconocida&#44; se ha asociado a patolog&#237;a dermatol&#243;gica &#40;principalmente dermatitis at&#243;pica&#41;&#44; sist&#233;mica &#40;insuficiencia hep&#225;tica&#44; renal&#44; infecciones&#41;&#44; neurol&#243;gica&#44; psiqui&#225;trica y tumoral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recientemente&#44; Larson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> han publicado los resultados del estudio m&#225;s amplio realizado hasta la fecha sobre la asociaci&#243;n del PN con neoplasias&#46; Incluyeron a 695 pacientes con PN &#40;51&#44;6&#37; mujeres&#41;&#44; edad de 40 a 69 a&#241;os&#44; y los compararon con un grupo control de m&#225;s de 2 millones de individuos de similares caracter&#237;sticas&#46; El 17&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes con PN presentaba alguna neoplasia asociada&#46; Los individuos con PN ten&#237;an 4 veces m&#225;s probabilidades de presentar una neoplasia maligna que los controles &#40;OR 4&#44;54&#59; 95&#37; IC 3&#44;74-5&#44;52&#41;&#46; Lo m&#225;s frecuente fueron los carcinomas cut&#225;neos &#40;47&#37;&#41; &#40;mayoritariamente carcinoma basocelular&#44; seguido de carcinoma escamoso y melanoma&#41;&#44; los tumores malignos de &#243;rgano s&#243;lido &#40;32&#37;&#41; &#40;m&#225;s frecuentemente patolog&#237;a tumoral genital femenina&#44; carcinoma pulmonar y gastrointestinal&#41; y neoplasias hematol&#243;gicas &#40;21&#37;&#41; &#40;principalmente linfoma no Hodgkin&#44; mieloma m&#250;ltiple y linfomas cut&#225;neos primarios&#41;&#46; El grupo con PN tuvo un riesgo significativamente mayor de c&#225;ncer cut&#225;neo &#40;OR 10&#44;94&#59; 95&#37; IC 8&#44;01-14&#44;96&#41;&#44; linfoma cut&#225;neo primario &#40;OR 24&#44;82&#59; 95&#37; IC 7&#44;96-77&#44;46&#41; y neoplasia de genitales femeninos &#40;OR 11&#44;00&#59; 95&#37; IC 4&#44;90-24&#44;68&#41;&#44; entre otros tumores malignos&#44; que el grupo control&#46; El mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico por el cual las neoplasias se asociar&#237;an al PN es desconocido&#44; podr&#237;a relacionarse con un estado proinflamatorio&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada la elevada asociaci&#243;n tumoral encontrada en esta serie&#44; se recomienda mantener un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha en estos casos&#44; examinar minuciosamente la piel y mucosas del paciente&#44; realizar pruebas complementarias &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#44; incluyendo el despistaje de neoplasias recomendado seg&#250;n sexo y edad&#44; y tener un enfoque multidisciplinario<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al tratamiento del PN&#44; la evidencia es limitada&#44; con menos de diez ensayos cl&#237;nicos publicados&#44; la mayor&#237;a con un n&#250;mero peque&#241;o de casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Se han descrito buenas respuestas con corticoides e inhibidores de la calcineurina t&#243;picos&#44; fototerapia&#44; talidomida &#40;peor perfil de seguridad&#41;&#44; antiepil&#233;pticos o anticonvulsivantes &#40;pregabalina&#44; gabapentina&#44; amitriptilina&#41;&#44; ciclosporina y metotrexato&#46; Un reciente estudio retrospectivo en 39 pacientes con PN refractario mostr&#243; una tasa de respuesta objetiva con metotrexato de aproximadamente el 90&#37; a los 3 y 12 meses&#44; con una respuesta completa en el 57&#37; a los 12 meses&#46; El 12&#37; debi&#243; suspender el tratamiento por efectos adversos &#40;transaminitis&#44; neumonitis o s&#237;ntomas gastrointestinales&#44; entre otros&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En nuestra experiencia&#44; tambi&#233;n hemos observado respuestas exitosas con metotrexato y con pregabalina&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algunas terapias emergentes son los inhibidores del receptor de la neurokinina-1 como el aprepitant o serlopitant &#40;con un ensayo fase-3 a&#250;n no publicado&#41;&#44; inhibidores de la interleuquina 31 como el nemolizumab &#40;actualmente en ensayo cl&#237;nico fase-2&#41;&#44; agonistas&#47;antagonistas de receptores opioides como la nalbufina&#44; y el inhibidor de la interleuquina 4&#44; dupilumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El PN puede asociarse a neoplasias&#46; Es necesario un alto nivel de sospecha cl&#237;nica y solicitar las pruebas complementarias pertinentes&#46; El tratamiento es complejo y la evidencia cl&#237;nica&#44; a&#250;n limitada&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Neoplasias asociadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer cut&#225;neo &#40;carcinoma basocelular&#44; carcinoma escamoso y melanoma&#41;Tumores malignos de &#243;rgano s&#243;lido &#40;genitales femeninos&#44; mama&#44; pulm&#243;n&#44; tracto gastrointestinal&#44; cabeza y cuello&#44; gl&#225;ndulas endocrinas&#44; tracto urinario&#41;Neoplasias hematol&#243;gicas &#40;linfoma no Hodgkin&#44; mieloma m&#250;ltiple&#44; linfomas cut&#225;neos primarios&#44; leucemia linfoc&#237;tica&#44; leucemia mieloide&#44; linfoma de Hodgkin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Buscar signos de dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; penfigoide ampolloso&#44; c&#225;ncer cut&#225;neo y linfoma cut&#225;neo primario&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hemograma&#44; velocidad de sedimentaci&#243;n globular&#44; ferritinaCreatinina y pruebas hep&#225;ticasGlucemia y pruebas tiroideasSerolog&#237;as de VIH&#44; VHB y VHC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>Rx de t&#243;rax en caso de sospecha de linfoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>Biopsia cut&#225;nea&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- inmunofluorescencia directa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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2022 August 277 61 338
2022 July 214 57 271
2022 June 288 53 341
2022 May 280 53 333
2022 April 173 35 208
2022 March 172 61 233
2022 February 135 47 182
2022 January 119 53 172
2021 December 100 46 146
2021 November 108 68 176
2021 October 146 107 253
2021 September 103 66 169
2021 August 173 87 260
2021 July 260 89 349
2021 June 63 46 109
2021 May 67 53 120
2021 April 187 156 343
2021 March 146 120 266
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¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?