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una tumoraci&#243;n de 1&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de di&#225;metro en la regi&#243;n pretibial derecha&#44; de morfolog&#237;a crateriforme con zona central hiperquerat&#243;sica y base infiltrada dolorosa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#44;C&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; ex&#233;resis e injerto de piel parcial&#46; En el estudio histopatol&#243;gico se objetiv&#243; una neoplasia escamosa&#44; infiltrante y crateriforme&#44; con presencia de masas en dermis constituidas por queratinocitos de citoplasma amplio eosin&#243;filo p&#225;lido&#44; con discreta atipia nuclear &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>C&#44;D&#41;&#44; lo que permiti&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de queratoacantoma&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El LPH es una dermatosis inflamatoria autoinmune&#44; idiop&#225;tica y de curso cr&#243;nico mediada por c&#233;lulas<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; La patogenia no est&#225; bien definida&#44; aunque los eosin&#243;filos&#44; el fen&#243;meno de Koebner y la insuficiencia venosa cr&#243;nica parecen tener un papel fundamental<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a>&#46; Las formas de liquen plano oral&#44; genital y LPH pueden malignizar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3-5</span></a>&#46; Los factores de riesgo ambientales de los carcinomas escamosos son la inflamaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica&#44; el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; la coinfecci&#243;n por VPH &#40;virus del papiloma humano&#41;&#44; la exposici&#243;n a ars&#233;nico&#44; la irradiaci&#243;n y la inmunosupresi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La transformaci&#243;n maligna es poco frecuente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Suelen ser carcinomas epidermoides cut&#225;neos &#40;CEC&#41; bien diferenciados&#44; entre los que se incluyen el queratoacantoma y el carcinoma verrucoso&#44; pero hay descritos casos de CEC metast&#225;sicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico diferencial incluye la hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa&#44; el carcinoma escamoso&#44; la queratosis seborreica irritada&#44; el lupus eritematoso hipertr&#243;fico y la epiderm&#243;lisis ampollosa pretibial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los hallazgos histopatol&#243;gicos del LPH incluyen ortoqueratosis&#44; hiperplasia epid&#233;rmica con acantosis&#44; hipergranulosis&#44; da&#241;o vacuolar de la membrana basal y un infiltrado liquenoide de interfase con eosin&#243;filos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la hipergranulosis y el da&#241;o de la membrana basal son variables y tambi&#233;n pueden observarse en la hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa&#44; que a su vez puede ser dif&#237;cil de diferenciar de los carcinomas escamosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa se caracteriza por una hiperplasia epid&#233;rmica y del epitelio anexial&#44; as&#237; como acantosis irregular&#46; A diferencia del CEC no invade la dermis&#44; no infiltra estructuras neurovasculares y no presenta atipia citol&#243;gica&#46; En el estudio inmunohistoqu&#237;mico de los carcinomas escamosos se observa sobreexpresi&#243;n de p53 as&#237; como fibras el&#225;sticas perforantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6&#44;8</span></a>&#46; La secuenciaci&#243;n gen&#233;tica puede ayudar en el diagn&#243;stico diferencial&#44; ya que el C15orf48 se encuentra sobreexpresado en los carcinomas escamosos&#44; mientras que el KRT9 est&#225; sobreexpresado en la hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asimismo&#44; la historia cl&#237;nica y la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica son fundamentales&#46; Se deber&#225; sospechar el LPH cuando un paciente presente p&#225;pulas y placas hipertr&#243;ficas pretibiales&#44; prurito&#44; estr&#237;as de Wickham&#44; afectaci&#243;n de la mucosa oral y&#47;o genital&#44; alteraciones ungueales&#44; as&#237; como ausencia de lesiones cut&#225;neas relacionadas con la fotoexposici&#243;n y factores de riesgo para los carcinomas queratinoc&#237;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span></a>&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; es importante establecer un seguimiento y la realizaci&#243;n de biopsias para descartar la transformaci&#243;n maligna si las lesiones experimentan un crecimiento r&#225;pido&#44; ulceraci&#243;n y sangrado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento se basa en la utilizaci&#243;n de corticoides t&#243;picos&#44; sist&#233;micos e intralesionales&#44; acitretina&#44; metotrexato&#44; micofenolato de mofetilo&#44; ciclosporina e hidroxicloroquina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Si en el curso de la enfermedad aparecen carcinomas queratinoc&#237;ticos&#44; el tratamiento es la cirug&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; presentamos un caso de un paciente con LPH que en el seguimiento present&#243; un queratoacantoma&#46; Se trata de una asociaci&#243;n poco frecuente&#44; pero pone de manifiesto la trascendencia del seguimiento&#46; La correlaci&#243;n cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gica es fundamental para realizar un correcto diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Carta científico-clínica
Liquen plano hipertrófico: importancia del seguimiento y de la correlación clinicopatológica
Hypertrophic Lichen Planus: Importance of Follow-Up and Clinicopathologic Correlation
S. Guillen-Climenta,
Corresponding author
santigc85@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, S. Porcar Sauraa, C. Monteagudob,c, M.D. Ramón Quilesa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
c Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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idiop&#225;tica y de curso cr&#243;nico mediada por c&#233;lulas<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; La patogenia no est&#225; bien definida&#44; aunque los eosin&#243;filos&#44; el fen&#243;meno de Koebner y la insuficiencia venosa cr&#243;nica parecen tener un papel fundamental<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a>&#46; Las formas de liquen plano oral&#44; genital y LPH pueden malignizar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3-5</span></a>&#46; Los factores de riesgo ambientales de los carcinomas escamosos son la inflamaci&#243;n cr&#243;nica&#44; el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; la coinfecci&#243;n por VPH &#40;virus del papiloma humano&#41;&#44; la exposici&#243;n a ars&#233;nico&#44; la irradiaci&#243;n y la inmunosupresi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La transformaci&#243;n maligna es poco frecuente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Suelen ser carcinomas epidermoides cut&#225;neos &#40;CEC&#41; bien diferenciados&#44; entre los que se incluyen el queratoacantoma y el carcinoma verrucoso&#44; pero hay descritos casos de CEC metast&#225;sicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico diferencial incluye la hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa&#44; el carcinoma escamoso&#44; la queratosis seborreica irritada&#44; el lupus eritematoso hipertr&#243;fico y la epiderm&#243;lisis ampollosa pretibial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los hallazgos histopatol&#243;gicos del LPH incluyen ortoqueratosis&#44; hiperplasia epid&#233;rmica con acantosis&#44; hipergranulosis&#44; da&#241;o vacuolar de la membrana basal y un infiltrado liquenoide de interfase con eosin&#243;filos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la hipergranulosis y el da&#241;o de la membrana basal son variables y tambi&#233;n pueden observarse en la hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa&#44; que a su vez puede ser dif&#237;cil de diferenciar de los carcinomas escamosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa se caracteriza por una hiperplasia epid&#233;rmica y del epitelio anexial&#44; as&#237; como acantosis irregular&#46; A diferencia del CEC no invade la dermis&#44; no infiltra estructuras neurovasculares y no presenta atipia citol&#243;gica&#46; En el estudio inmunohistoqu&#237;mico de los carcinomas escamosos se observa sobreexpresi&#243;n de p53 as&#237; como fibras el&#225;sticas perforantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6&#44;8</span></a>&#46; La secuenciaci&#243;n gen&#233;tica puede ayudar en el diagn&#243;stico diferencial&#44; ya que el C15orf48 se encuentra sobreexpresado en los carcinomas escamosos&#44; mientras que el KRT9 est&#225; sobreexpresado en la hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asimismo&#44; la historia cl&#237;nica y la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica son fundamentales&#46; Se deber&#225; sospechar el LPH cuando un paciente presente p&#225;pulas y placas hipertr&#243;ficas pretibiales&#44; prurito&#44; estr&#237;as de Wickham&#44; afectaci&#243;n de la mucosa oral y&#47;o genital&#44; alteraciones ungueales&#44; as&#237; como ausencia de lesiones cut&#225;neas relacionadas con la fotoexposici&#243;n y factores de riesgo para los carcinomas queratinoc&#237;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span></a>&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; es importante establecer un seguimiento y la realizaci&#243;n de biopsias para descartar la transformaci&#243;n maligna si las lesiones experimentan un crecimiento r&#225;pido&#44; ulceraci&#243;n y sangrado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento se basa en la utilizaci&#243;n de corticoides t&#243;picos&#44; sist&#233;micos e intralesionales&#44; acitretina&#44; metotrexato&#44; micofenolato de mofetilo&#44; ciclosporina e hidroxicloroquina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Si en el curso de la enfermedad aparecen carcinomas queratinoc&#237;ticos&#44; el tratamiento es la cirug&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; presentamos un caso de un paciente con LPH que en el seguimiento present&#243; un queratoacantoma&#46; Se trata de una asociaci&#243;n poco frecuente&#44; pero pone de manifiesto la trascendencia del seguimiento&#46; La correlaci&#243;n cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gica es fundamental para realizar un correcto diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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