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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo de lectura&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Valor predictivo negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>99&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">En caso de resultado positivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">La lesi&#243;n deber&#237;a ser extirpada y enviada para estudio histol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">En caso de resultado negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Debido a su alto VPN se descartar&#237;a el diagn&#243;stico de melanoma y la lesi&#243;n no deber&#237;a ser extirpada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Contribuciones en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuir&#237;a considerablemente el n&#250;mero de lesiones a extirpar para diagnosticar un melanoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>Reducir&#237;a el n&#250;mero de cirug&#237;as y listas de esperaDisminuir&#237;a los costes asociados a la cirug&#237;a&#44; p&#233;rdida de productividad&#44; complicaciones&#44; visitas de control&#44; curas y retiro de puntos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Coste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Supuestamente alrededor de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#36;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Limitaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">No es &#250;til en lesiones melanoc&#237;ticas de palmas&#44; plantas o mucosas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Foro de Residentes
FR - Nuevas tecnologías que prometen revolucionar el diagnóstico del melanoma cutáneo
RF - New Technologies That Promise to Revolutionize the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Melanoma
D. Morgado-Carrasco
Corresponding author
morgadodaniel8@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, X. Fustà-Novell, X. Bosch-Amate, P. Giavedoni
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico del melanoma cut&#225;neo es complejo&#46; La histolog&#237;a es la prueba de referencia para el diagn&#243;stico de las lesiones melanoc&#237;ticas&#44; pero tiene una baja concordancia intra e interobservador&#44; depende de la experiencia del pat&#243;logo y&#44; por lo tanto&#44; puede llevar a errores diagn&#243;sticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Parece necesario incorporar nuevas herramientas para la evaluaci&#243;n de las lesiones melanoc&#237;ticas&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recientemente se han publicado trabajos sobre el uso de la inteligencia artificial para el diagn&#243;stico de lesiones cut&#225;neas que han despertado un gran inter&#233;s&#46; Esteva et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> publicaron en el 2017 un estudio revolucionario en el que&#44; previo entrenamiento con 129&#46;450 im&#225;genes de lesiones cut&#225;neas de una red neural convolucional profunda &#40;RNCP&#41; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">deep convolutional neural network</span>&#44; se evaluaba la capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n de la RNCP entre lesiones melanoc&#237;ticas benignas y melanoma&#44; y entre queratosis seborreicas y carcinomas cut&#225;neos&#46; Se compar&#243; su exactitud diagn&#243;stica con la de 21 dermat&#243;logos&#46; La RNCP y los dermat&#243;logos tuvieron una fiabilidad similar&#46; Haenssle et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> publicaron los resultados del estudio titulado &#171;el hombre contra la m&#225;quina&#187; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">man versus machine</span>&#46; Compararon la precisi&#243;n diagn&#243;stica de la RNCP Google Inception-v4 &#40;entrenada con &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;000 im&#225;genes&#41; frente a 58 dermat&#243;logos&#44; 30 de ellos expertos en dermatoscopia&#46; Utilizaron una serie de 100 im&#225;genes dermatosc&#243;picas y procedieron en 2 fases&#44; la primera sin informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#44; y la segunda con informaci&#243;n e im&#225;genes cl&#237;nicas adicionales&#46; Se midieron la sensibilidad&#44; la especificidad y el &#225;rea bajo la curva &#40;ABC&#41;&#46; La RNCP alcanz&#243; una ABC promedio significativamente superior al grupo de dermat&#243;logos en las 2 fases del estudio &#40;0&#44;86 versus 0&#44;79&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#46; En la fase II&#44; los dermat&#243;logos mejoraron su sensibilidad alcanzando el 88&#44;9&#37;&#46; Aun as&#237;&#44; la RNCP obtuvo una mayor especificidad &#40;82&#44;5 versus 75&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; La RNCP fue superior a la mayor&#237;a de dermat&#243;logos&#46; Uno de los principales problemas asociados a las RNCP es el volumen de im&#225;genes &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;000&#41; necesarias para su &#171;entrenamiento&#187;&#44; lo que es dif&#237;cil y costoso&#46; Fujisawa et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> entrenaron a una RNCP para discriminar entre 14 diagn&#243;sticos&#44; utilizando solo 4&#46;860 im&#225;genes de tumores cut&#225;neos benignos y malignos&#44; y compararon su precisi&#243;n diagn&#243;stica con la de 13 dermat&#243;logos y 9 residentes de dermatolog&#237;a&#46; La RNCP tuvo una precisi&#243;n del 92&#44;4&#37;&#44; significativamente superior al grupo de dermat&#243;logos y al de residentes &#40;85&#44;3 y 74&#44;4&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recientemente se ha desarrollado un test de expresi&#243;n g&#233;nica no invasivo&#44; llamado an&#225;lisis de lesi&#243;n pigmentaria &#40;ALP&#41; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pigmented lesion assay</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#44; un parche adhesivo que permite descartar un melanoma cut&#225;neo con un valor predictivo negativo &#40;VPN&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>99&#37;&#44; notablemente superior al de la histolog&#237;a &#40;83&#37;&#41;&#46; Debido a su alto VPN el ALP disminuye el n&#250;mero de lesiones extirpadas necesarias para diagnosticar un melanoma &#40;habitualmente entre 8 y 20&#41;&#46; Hornbenger et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> realizaron un an&#225;lisis econ&#243;mico&#44; comparando los costes del ALP respecto al procedimiento est&#225;ndar de biopsia&#44; diagn&#243;stico histol&#243;gico&#44; control m&#233;dico y seguimiento&#46; Al considerar un coste del ALP de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#36; concluyeron que el ALP puede disminuir los costes asociados al diagn&#243;stico de una lesi&#243;n sospechosa de melanoma en un 47&#37;&#46; El ALP reducir&#237;a el n&#250;mero de cirug&#237;as&#44; de melanomas no diagnosticados y de costes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico de las lesiones melanoc&#237;ticas es complejo&#44; las nuevas herramientas tecnol&#243;gicas basadas en la inteligencia artificial y en la expresi&#243;n g&#233;nica prometen simplificar este proceso y disminuir el n&#250;mero de errores diagn&#243;sticos y terap&#233;uticos&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">En caso de resultado positivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuir&#237;a considerablemente el n&#250;mero de lesiones a extirpar para diagnosticar un melanoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>Reducir&#237;a el n&#250;mero de cirug&#237;as y listas de esperaDisminuir&#237;a los costes asociados a la cirug&#237;a&#44; p&#233;rdida de productividad&#44; complicaciones&#44; visitas de control&#44; curas y retiro de puntos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">No es &#250;til en lesiones melanoc&#237;ticas de palmas&#44; plantas o mucosas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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