Article information
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome is characterized by a painful burning or stinging sensation affecting the tongue or other areas of the mouth without obvious signs of an organic cause on physical examination. A burning mouth sensation can occur in several cutaneous or systemic diseases that must be ruled out prior to making a diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome, since this term is used exclusively to refer to idiopathic forms and is included within the cutaneous sensory disorders. In most cases, patients with burning mouth syndrome have accompanying psychological or psychiatric conditions. Consequently, the syndrome has traditionally been included among the psychogenic dermatoses. However, it is currently unclear whether psychological factors are a cause or a consequence of the syndrome, or whether each exacerbates the other. Recent studies propose the etiology to be neurologic, either neuropathic or related to taste.
Key words:
burning mouth
orodynia
glossodynia
oral dysesthesia
xerostomia
dysgeusia
Resumen
El síndrome de la boca urente (SBU) se refiere a la sensación de dolor, ardor o escozor, localizado en la lengua o en otra zona de la cavidad oral, sin causa orgánica objetivable en el examen físico. La sensación de boca urente puede aparecer en algunas enfermedades cutáneas o sistémicas, que habrá que descartar antes de establecer el diagnóstico de SBU, ya que dicho término se refiere exclusivamente a las formas idiopáticas y se encuadra dentro de los trastornos sensitivos (o sensoriales) cutáneos.
En la mayoría de los casos los pacientes con boca urente presentan alteraciones psíquicas o psiquiátricas acompañantes. Por este motivo el SBU se ha incluido clásicamente entre las psicodermatosis. En el momento actual no está claro si los factores psíquicos son causa o consecuencia o simplemente se exacerban mutuamente. Estudios recientes proponen una etiología neurológica, ya sea de tipo neuropático o en relación con el sentido del gusto.
Palabras clave:
boca urente
orodinia
glosodinia
disestesia oral
xerostomía
disgeusia
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