Sebaceous Neoplasms

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Abstract

Sebaceous skin tumors are classified into sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma. An additional group of cystic sebaceous tumors indicate the Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). Cystic sebaceous tumors are considered as morphologic variants of the 3 main categories. Multilineage adnexal tumors with partly sebaceous differentiation may pose a challenge to categorize. Sebaceous hyperplasia and nevus sebaceus are not considered as true sebaceous tumor entities. Recently, attention has been drawn to morphologic clues of sebaceous differentiation. Immunohistochemistry using the mismatch repair proteins and/or genetic microsatellite instability testing should be performed on sebaceous neoplasms to diagnose MTS as early as possible.

Section snippets

Overview

True sebaceous neoplasms (sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma) are rare skin tumors, in contrast with sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which is encountered frequently in the general population, especially in sun-exposed skin.1, 2, 3 Sebaceous tumors may occur at any age during adulthood, but usually they affect elderly people. Clinically, sebaceous tumors are often mistaken for more common skin tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and consequently the

Summary

The recognition of tumors with sebaceous differentiation is important, because all sebaceous tumors are potential markers of MTS and require screening for this syndrome. IHC is of limited use to identify sebaceous differentiation in tumors mainly composed of immature sebocytes.

The histologic distinction between sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous hyperplasia can be difficult, which is a dilemma because sebaceous hyperplasia is not associated with MTS, whereas sebaceous adenoma is the most common

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