Practical Dermoscopy
Dermoscopic vascular pattern in porokeratosis coexistent with venous insufficiency and lymphedema
Patrón vascular dermatoscópico en la poroqueratosis que coexiste con una insuficiencia venosa y linfedema
D. Ramos-Rodríguez
, L.J. Del Pozo-Hernando, F. Mestre-Bauzá
Corresponding author
Servicio Dermatología Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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Ramos-Rodríguez, L.J. Del Pozo-Hernando, F. Mestre-Bauzá" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Ramos-Rodríguez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "negrinmelian@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L.J." "apellidos" => "Del Pozo-Hernando" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Mestre-Bauzá" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio Dermatología Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Patrón vascular dermatoscópico en la poroqueratosis que coexiste con una insuficiencia venosa y linfedema" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 725 "Ancho" => 976 "Tamanyo" => 94831 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Raised, flat erythematous-pink pretibial plaques. B, Higher-magnification view. Note the dotted red lesions inside and outside the lesions with a fine collarette.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 57-year-old obese woman with a history of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) involving the arms and legs, venous insufficiency, and secondary lymphedema presented with morphological changes in the DSAP lesions on the anterior aspect of both legs. She reported that the lesions had become increasingly palpable. Physical examination showed nonpitting edema in both lower limbs and well-defined flat erythematous-pink plaques with a scaling border alternating with other, more raised, plaques (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A and B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The furrow ink test highlighted the characteristic outlines of DSAP lesions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A and B). Dermoscopy of the lesions showed structureless white-pink areas with scales and dotted and glomerular vessels (red dots and globules) against a homogeneous background, visible inside and outside the raised lesions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Porokeratosis is a disorder of keratinization of unknown etiology. Seven clinical variants have been described: porokeratosis of Mibelli, DSAP, linear porokeratosis, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, porokeratosis ptychotropica, and eruptive disseminated porokeratosis. DSAP is characterized by flat papules and erythematous-brownish plaques with a well-defined hyperkeratotic border (the cornoid lamella on histology) and a slightly atrophic central area<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. The clinical diagnosis is supported by observation of a peripheral white border, brown dots, a white central scar-like area, and dotted vessels on dermoscopy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. The furrow ink test is a useful adjunct for highlighting the cornoid lamella<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Squamous cell carcinoma arising in porokeratosis lesions has been described in all clinical forms of this disorder except punctate porokeratosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. The coexistence of porokeratosis and lymphedema, previously described in the literature, poses both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as porokeratosis lesions, which are usually flat or mildly atrophic, can appear as raised plaques in patients with lymphedema, leading to possible confusion with neoplastic lesions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a>.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the current case, in addition to characteristic clinical and dermoscopic features of porokeratosis, we observed multiple red globules, which at higher magnification appeared as glomerular vessels. Glomerular vessels in dermoscopy have been typically described in squamous carcinoma in situ, psoriasis, eczema, eccrine poroma, Merkel cell carcinoma, melanoma, Spitz nevus, actinic keratosis, and stasis dermatitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The red globules inside and outside the DSAP lesions in our patient corresponded to dilated vessels in the papillary dermis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B). This dermoscopic and histologic pattern is consistent with stasis dermatitis.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Note should be taken of the increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in this setting (due to the presence of both porokeratosis and chronic lymphedema), lymphangiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, and melanoma arising from chronic lymphedema. It is important to biopsy fast-growing lesions, asymmetric hyperkeratotic lesions, and lesions with an atypical vascular pattern on dermoscopy.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, dermoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing stasis dermatitis and monitoring vascular patterns in lesions highly suspicious for malignancy, such as porokeratosis lesions in patients with venous insufficiency and lymphedema.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case report" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Comment" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-09-16" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-12-13" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "⋆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Ramos-Rodríguez D, Del Pozo-Hernando LJ, Mestre-Bauzá F. Patrón vascular dermatoscópico en la poroqueratosis que coexiste con una insuficiencia venosa y linfedema. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2021. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2019.12.011">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2019.12.011</span></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 725 "Ancho" => 976 "Tamanyo" => 94831 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Raised, flat erythematous-pink pretibial plaques. B, Higher-magnification view. Note the dotted red lesions inside and outside the lesions with a fine collarette.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 725 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 151522 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Dermoscopic image showing dots and homogeneous red blood vessels, scaling, white structureless areas, and a peripheral ink-stained collarette. B, Proliferation of dilated capillaries in the papillary dermis without atypia and edema (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×10).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Benign epidermal tumors and proliferations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L Requena" 1 => "C Requena" 2 => "C.L. Cockerell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:6 [ "editores" => "JBolognia, JSchaffer, LCerroni" "titulo" => "Dermatology" "paginaInicial" => "1901" "paginaFinal" => "1904" "edicion" => "Fourth ed." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2024 October | 72 | 71 | 143 |
| 2024 September | 86 | 30 | 116 |
| 2024 August | 110 | 60 | 170 |
| 2024 July | 84 | 40 | 124 |
| 2024 June | 90 | 30 | 120 |
| 2024 May | 70 | 31 | 101 |
| 2024 April | 67 | 28 | 95 |
| 2024 March | 68 | 32 | 100 |
| 2024 February | 61 | 42 | 103 |
| 2024 January | 70 | 46 | 116 |
| 2023 December | 49 | 18 | 67 |
| 2023 November | 79 | 24 | 103 |
| 2023 October | 61 | 37 | 98 |
| 2023 September | 63 | 29 | 92 |
| 2023 August | 48 | 13 | 61 |
| 2023 July | 69 | 33 | 102 |
| 2023 June | 47 | 24 | 71 |
| 2023 May | 60 | 27 | 87 |
| 2023 April | 48 | 18 | 66 |
| 2023 March | 57 | 27 | 84 |
| 2023 February | 48 | 21 | 69 |
| 2023 January | 45 | 23 | 68 |
| 2022 December | 64 | 45 | 109 |
| 2022 November | 38 | 34 | 72 |
| 2022 October | 42 | 17 | 59 |
| 2022 September | 28 | 34 | 62 |
| 2022 August | 32 | 38 | 70 |
| 2022 July | 32 | 32 | 64 |
| 2022 June | 22 | 29 | 51 |
| 2022 May | 54 | 46 | 100 |
| 2022 April | 71 | 42 | 113 |
| 2022 March | 61 | 70 | 131 |
| 2022 February | 62 | 38 | 100 |
| 2022 January | 57 | 49 | 106 |
| 2021 December | 71 | 59 | 130 |
| 2021 November | 82 | 49 | 131 |
| 2021 October | 83 | 67 | 150 |
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