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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Systemic inflammation in psoriasis cause metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease &#40;CVD&#41;&#44; with insulin resistance &#40;IR&#41; as a possible pathogenetic factor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our working group performed a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of IR by homeostasis model assessment &#40;HOMA-IR&#41; in moderate-severe psoriasis patients attended in our Dermatology outpatient clinic&#46; HOMA-IR was calculated in all participants by measuring fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels using the score &#40;Fasting insulin &#91;mIU&#47;L&#93;&#41;&#42;&#40;Fasting glucose &#91;mg&#47;dL&#93;&#41;&#47;405&#44; and IR was defined as an elevated HOMA-IR &#40;&#62;2&#46;5&#41;&#44; based on the original HOMA research<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our initial sample consisted of 100 patients&#46; We excluded 19 patients with diabetes&#44; leaving a sample of 81 participants &#40;46 men and 35 women&#41; with a median of age of 46 years &#40;interquartile range &#91;IQR&#93; 35&#8211;56&#93;&#46; Median body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; was 28&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;IQR 24&#46;5&#8211;31&#46;6&#41;&#46; Median HOMA-IR was 2&#46;9 &#40;IQR 1&#46;6&#8722;5&#46;0&#41; and 49&#46;4&#37; of patients had IR &#40;95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93; 38&#46;6&#37;&#8211;60&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients by HOMA-IR score&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients aged more than 45 years&#44; median HOMA-IR was significantly higher than in those aged 45 years or younger &#40;p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;002&#41;&#44; indicating a correlation between age and HOMA-IR&#46; The prevalence of IR in patients aged over 45 years was 65&#46;9&#37; &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; 4&#46;0&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;6&#8211;10&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;003&#41;&#46; BMI was also correlated with higher median HOMA-IR &#40;1&#46;3 in patients with normal weight &#91;BMI&#8239;&#60;&#8239;25&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#93;&#44; 3&#46;0 in patients who were overweight &#91;BMI 25&#8722;29&#46;9&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#93;&#44; and 4&#46;7 in patients with obesity &#91;BMI&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;30&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#93;&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;001&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The prevalence of IR&#8239;&#62;&#8239;2&#46;5 was 13&#46;0&#37; in patients with normal weight&#44; 53&#46;6&#37; in patients who were overweight &#40;p&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;003&#41;&#44; and 73&#46;3&#37; in patients with obesity &#40;p&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; It is interesting to note that the values of HOMA-IR were not associated with sex&#44; psoriasis area and severity index &#40;PASI&#41;&#44; or the dermatology life quality index &#40;DLQI&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IR represents the best predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus&#44; and it plays a central role in the high cardiovascular risk associated with metabolic syndrome<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; In our study population with moderate-to-severe psoriasis the prevalence of IR was high&#44; almost half of the patients &#40;49&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Although our study did not have a control group&#44; the overall IR prevalence is much higher than reported in a similar population-based study &#40;approx&#46; 9&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; We have detected a clear relationship between the IR and the BMI&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; Similarly&#44; Boehncke et al&#46; observed a clear relationship between high BMI and IR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Interestingly&#44; the values &#8203;&#8203;of the HOMA-IR index were not related to the severity of psoriasis defined by PASI in our patients&#44; which contrast with those reported previously&#44; who did detect a signi&#64257;cant correlation between PASI and insulin secretion<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A substantial proportion of psoriasis patients&#44; particularly those with high BMI&#44; will have IR&#46; We would like to emphasize that dermatologists must assume responsibility for preventing&#44; promptly detecting&#44; treating&#44; and caring for those psoriasis patients with subclinical IR and therefore at risk for diabetes and CVD&#46; Hence the HOMA-IR score can help clinicians to achieve it in a simple way&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">All&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;9 &#40;1&#46;6&#8722;5&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;50&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;49&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Male</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4 &#40;1&#46;9&#8722;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;56&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;55&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;43&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;1 &#40;1&#46;5&#8722;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;43&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;42&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;57&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;7&#8722;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8804;45</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;3&#8722;3&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;49&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;67&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;32&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#62;45</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;1 &#40;2&#46;1&#8722;7&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;50&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;34&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;65&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;0 &#40;1&#46;6&#8722;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60;25</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;9&#8722;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;28&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;87&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">25&#8722;29&#46;9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Case and Research Letters
Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and insulin resistance in psoriasis
Índice de evaluación del modelo de homeostasis (HOMA) y resistencia a la insulina en la psoriasis
D. Romero-Péreza,
Corresponding author
davidromero66@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, I. Belinchón Romeroa,b, J.M. Ramos Rincóna,b,c
a Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
b Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
c Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Campus de San Juan, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Systemic inflammation in psoriasis cause metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease &#40;CVD&#41;&#44; with insulin resistance &#40;IR&#41; as a possible pathogenetic factor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our working group performed a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of IR by homeostasis model assessment &#40;HOMA-IR&#41; in moderate-severe psoriasis patients attended in our Dermatology outpatient clinic&#46; HOMA-IR was calculated in all participants by measuring fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels using the score &#40;Fasting insulin &#91;mIU&#47;L&#93;&#41;&#42;&#40;Fasting glucose &#91;mg&#47;dL&#93;&#41;&#47;405&#44; and IR was defined as an elevated HOMA-IR &#40;&#62;2&#46;5&#41;&#44; based on the original HOMA research<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our initial sample consisted of 100 patients&#46; We excluded 19 patients with diabetes&#44; leaving a sample of 81 participants &#40;46 men and 35 women&#41; with a median of age of 46 years &#40;interquartile range &#91;IQR&#93; 35&#8211;56&#93;&#46; Median body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; was 28&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;IQR 24&#46;5&#8211;31&#46;6&#41;&#46; Median HOMA-IR was 2&#46;9 &#40;IQR 1&#46;6&#8722;5&#46;0&#41; and 49&#46;4&#37; of patients had IR &#40;95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93; 38&#46;6&#37;&#8211;60&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients by HOMA-IR score&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients aged more than 45 years&#44; median HOMA-IR was significantly higher than in those aged 45 years or younger &#40;p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;002&#41;&#44; indicating a correlation between age and HOMA-IR&#46; The prevalence of IR in patients aged over 45 years was 65&#46;9&#37; &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; 4&#46;0&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;6&#8211;10&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;003&#41;&#46; BMI was also correlated with higher median HOMA-IR &#40;1&#46;3 in patients with normal weight &#91;BMI&#8239;&#60;&#8239;25&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#93;&#44; 3&#46;0 in patients who were overweight &#91;BMI 25&#8722;29&#46;9&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#93;&#44; and 4&#46;7 in patients with obesity &#91;BMI&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;30&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#93;&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;001&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The prevalence of IR&#8239;&#62;&#8239;2&#46;5 was 13&#46;0&#37; in patients with normal weight&#44; 53&#46;6&#37; in patients who were overweight &#40;p&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;003&#41;&#44; and 73&#46;3&#37; in patients with obesity &#40;p&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; It is interesting to note that the values of HOMA-IR were not associated with sex&#44; psoriasis area and severity index &#40;PASI&#41;&#44; or the dermatology life quality index &#40;DLQI&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IR represents the best predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus&#44; and it plays a central role in the high cardiovascular risk associated with metabolic syndrome<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; In our study population with moderate-to-severe psoriasis the prevalence of IR was high&#44; almost half of the patients &#40;49&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Although our study did not have a control group&#44; the overall IR prevalence is much higher than reported in a similar population-based study &#40;approx&#46; 9&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; We have detected a clear relationship between the IR and the BMI&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; Similarly&#44; Boehncke et al&#46; observed a clear relationship between high BMI and IR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Interestingly&#44; the values &#8203;&#8203;of the HOMA-IR index were not related to the severity of psoriasis defined by PASI in our patients&#44; which contrast with those reported previously&#44; who did detect a signi&#64257;cant correlation between PASI and insulin secretion<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A substantial proportion of psoriasis patients&#44; particularly those with high BMI&#44; will have IR&#46; We would like to emphasize that dermatologists must assume responsibility for preventing&#44; promptly detecting&#44; treating&#44; and caring for those psoriasis patients with subclinical IR and therefore at risk for diabetes and CVD&#46; Hence the HOMA-IR score can help clinicians to achieve it in a simple way&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Please cite this article as&#58; Romero-P&#233;rez D&#44; Belinch&#243;n Romero I&#44; Ramos Rinc&#243;n JM&#46; &#205;ndice de evaluaci&#243;n del modelo de homeostasis &#40;HOMA&#41; y resistencia a la insulina en la psoriasis&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2021&#59;112&#58;867&#8211;868&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Linear correlation of age &#40;A&#41; and body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; &#40;B&#41; with homeostasis model assessment-insulin residence &#40;HOMA-IR&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; CI&#58; confidence interval&#59; DLQI&#58; dermatology life quality index&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; PASI&#58; psoriasis area and severity index&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HOMA-IR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HOMA-IR&#8239;&#8804;&#8239;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HOMA-IR&#8239;&#62;&#8239;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4 &#40;1&#46;9&#8722;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;57&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;7&#8722;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;3&#8722;3&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;67&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;32&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;1 &#40;2&#46;1&#8722;7&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 15782190
Original language: English
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