Case and Research Letters
Cutaneous Plasmacytosis: A Rare Diagnosis to Bear in Mind
Plasmacitosis cutánea: una infrecuente enfermedad cutánea a tener en cuenta
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A. Imagen panorámica. Se observa un infiltrado superficial y profundo perivascular y perianexial (hematoxilina-eosina ×20). B. A mayor detalle se observa infiltrado perineural (hematoxilina-eosina ×40). C. Detalle del infiltrado inflamatorio compuesto por células plasmáticas.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "P.J. Álvarez-Chinchilla, L. Scheneller-Pavelescu, M. Niveiro, P. Devesa" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P.J." "apellidos" => "Álvarez-Chinchilla" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Scheneller-Pavelescu" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Niveiro" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." 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A statistically significant change was observed in both the IHS4 and the patient-reported outcomes (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "B. Duarte, N. Cunha, A. Lencastre, J. Cabete" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Duarte" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Cunha" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Lencastre" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." 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Álvarez-Chinchilla, L. Scheneller-Pavelescu, M. Niveiro, P. Devesa" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "P.J." "apellidos" => "Álvarez-Chinchilla" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "pedroalvarezchinchilla@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Scheneller-Pavelescu" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Niveiro" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Devesa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Plasmacitosis cutánea: una infrecuente enfermedad cutánea a tener en cuenta" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 832 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 185065 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry images showing positive staining for κ (A) and λ (B) immunoglobulin light chains.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 62-year-old man presented with asymptomatic skin lesions that were located exclusively on the thorax and had appeared more than 15 years earlier. The patient had no relevant medical or surgical history and was not taking regular medication. Physical examination revealed erythematous-brownish plaques without scaling or infiltration (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). The palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and the mucous membranes were free of any lesions. Darier sign was negative and neither lymphadenopathy nor organomegaly were evident on palpation.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although clinically the patient’s lesions could be considered compatible with mastocytosis, the duration of the lesions and the absence of Darier sign were striking. The clinical stability of the lesions over several years and the absence of palmoplantar involvement decreased the likelihood of secondary syphilis.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results of laboratory tests revealed a normal biochemical profile and a normal complete blood count. The only findings of interest were polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with a slight increase in immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA, and an increase in acute phase reactants (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Autoimmunity markers were negative and no alterations in urine sediment were observed.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A punch biopsy of one of the chest lesions showed superficial and deep infiltrate with perivascular and periadnexal involvement (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A), as well as perineural involvement (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B). Observation at higher magnification revealed that the infiltrate consisted of plasma cells (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>C). Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for κ and λ Ig light chains (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>), with no light chain restriction. Based on these observations, the differential diagnosis included other entities characterized by plasma-cell-rich infiltrate including infectious diseases (e.g. syphilis, leishmania), autoimmune diseases (e.g. lupus), and neoplastic diseases (e.g. plasmacytoma). Syphilis serology was negative. The hematology department performed peripheral blood tests, which showed no alterations in white blood cells or in the proteinogram. In the absence of any clinicopathologic correlation or signs of hematological disease, and given the negative syphilis serology and the presence of plasma-cell-rich infiltrate, a diagnosis of cutaneous plasmacytosis was established based on the pathological findings. In accordance with the recommendations of the hematology department, no extension study was carried out owing to the duration of the lesions and the absence of systemic signs, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, or laboratory abnormalities.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous plasmacytosis is extremely rare and usually appears in middle-aged adults, predominantly affecting Asian (mainlyJapanese) patients and rarely white patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> This disease is rarely reported in the literature, and may be underdiagnosed due to differences in nomenclature; it was not until 1980<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> that the term cutaneous plasmacytosis was coined. Some authors prefer the term systemic cutaneous plasmacytosis, as lymphadenopathy and/or organomegaly have been reported in some patients, and even in patients without such alterations plasmacytic infiltrate has been detected in biopsies of apparently clinically normal lymph nodes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–4</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory analyses typically reveal polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, which is usually, as in the present case, due to alterations in IgG and IgA, as well as increased levels of acute phase reactants such as ESR and CRP, with no alterations in biochemical parameters or in the complete blood count.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology shows superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal plasma cell infiltrate, without light chain restriction (i.e. expressing κ and λ light chains), which indicates a polyclonal process.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Characteristic perineural involvement has also been described in some cases, including in our patient.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As also proposed for other hematological processes, some authors have suggested a relationship between cutaneous plasmacytosis and Epstein Barr virus or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> infection, although this has not been demonstrated in the few series published to date.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,5,6</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is also some controversy as to whether this process is associated with hematologic neoplasms or other reactive plasmacytic processes, such as Castleman disease, although current knowledge suggests that these processes are independent.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Owing to the rare nature of this condition, there are neither guidelines nor consensus on the treatment of affected patients. Of the several treatments tested, most have been only partially effective, including oral and topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, melphalan, immunoglobulins, rituximab and thalidomine, and phototherapy (psoralen and ultraviolet [UV] A and narrowband UVB therapy).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6,7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, cutaneous plasmacytosis is uncommon in white individuals, and usually has a chronic and benign long-term course. Nonetheless, follow-up of these patients is recommended owing to the scarcity of information about this pathological process.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Álvarez-Chinchilla PJ, Scheneller-Pavelescu L, Niveiro M, Devesa P. Plasmacitosis cutánea: una infrecuente enfermedad cutánea a tener en cuenta. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:877–879.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 567 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 117409 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical image. Erythematous and brown papules on both sides of the patient’s trunk.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 843 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 447159 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pathology images. A, Panoramic image showing superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal infiltrate (hematoxylin-eosin [HE], original magnification ×20). B, Higher magnification image showing perineural infiltrate (HE, original magnification ×40). C, Detail of the inflammatory infiltrate, which consists of plasma cells.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 832 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 185065 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry images showing positive staining for κ (A) and λ (B) immunoglobulin light chains.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cutaneous plasmacytosis: Report of 6 cases with or without systemic involvement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2024 October | 136 | 38 | 174 |
| 2024 September | 133 | 28 | 161 |
| 2024 August | 160 | 65 | 225 |
| 2024 July | 160 | 32 | 192 |
| 2024 June | 131 | 34 | 165 |
| 2024 May | 139 | 31 | 170 |
| 2024 April | 104 | 31 | 135 |
| 2024 March | 92 | 46 | 138 |
| 2024 February | 99 | 39 | 138 |
| 2024 January | 109 | 50 | 159 |
| 2023 December | 114 | 14 | 128 |
| 2023 November | 108 | 28 | 136 |
| 2023 October | 92 | 24 | 116 |
| 2023 September | 130 | 26 | 156 |
| 2023 August | 88 | 17 | 105 |
| 2023 July | 107 | 33 | 140 |
| 2023 June | 94 | 19 | 113 |
| 2023 May | 92 | 33 | 125 |
| 2023 April | 85 | 23 | 108 |
| 2023 March | 93 | 39 | 132 |
| 2023 February | 64 | 20 | 84 |
| 2023 January | 53 | 32 | 85 |
| 2022 December | 70 | 38 | 108 |
| 2022 November | 57 | 26 | 83 |
| 2022 October | 38 | 27 | 65 |
| 2022 September | 56 | 46 | 102 |
| 2022 August | 44 | 37 | 81 |
| 2022 July | 37 | 41 | 78 |
| 2022 June | 49 | 33 | 82 |
| 2022 May | 109 | 42 | 151 |
| 2022 April | 109 | 41 | 150 |
| 2022 March | 87 | 56 | 143 |
| 2022 February | 87 | 38 | 125 |
| 2022 January | 105 | 48 | 153 |
| 2021 December | 109 | 51 | 160 |
| 2021 November | 121 | 50 | 171 |
| 2021 October | 106 | 72 | 178 |
| 2021 September | 65 | 45 | 110 |
| 2021 August | 71 | 44 | 115 |
| 2021 July | 61 | 36 | 97 |
| 2021 June | 54 | 49 | 103 |
| 2021 May | 69 | 65 | 134 |
| 2021 April | 108 | 62 | 170 |
| 2021 March | 71 | 45 | 116 |
| 2021 February | 67 | 38 | 105 |
| 2021 January | 75 | 51 | 126 |
| 2020 December | 42 | 29 | 71 |
| 2020 November | 22 | 18 | 40 |
| 2020 October | 8 | 4 | 12 |
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