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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case Report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 15-year-old male presented with asymptomatic&#44; erythematous&#44; grouped vesicles over left axilla noticed since five years of age which did not respond to any topical treatments &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">What is your diagnosis&#63;</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lymphangioma Circumscriptum&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Commentary</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Polarized light dermoscopy revealed multiple erythematous lacunae separated by white septa and linear vascular structures &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; &#8220;Hypopyon sign&#8221; which refers to the two-tone lacunae due to the settling of blood in the lowest part of the lacunae was observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; With the provisional diagnosis of lymphangioma circumscriptum &#40;LS&#41;&#44; we performed a biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous lymphangiomas are rare vascular tumors divided into two major groups&#58; superficial and deep&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Lymphangioma circumscriptum&#44; also known as superficial lymphatic malformation is the most common type among these tumors&#46; LS is clinically characterized by clusters of translucent vesicles usually presenting soon after birth&#46; The differential diagnoses include hemangiomas&#44; angiokeratomas&#44; angiosarcomas&#44; lymphangiectasia&#44; hemangiomas&#44; cutaneous metastases&#44; warts and molluscum contagiosum&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Histologically&#44; LS displays many dilated lymphatic channels located in the superficial dermis which may extend to the reticular dermis or subcutaneous tissue&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presence of lacunae is the most commonly described histological feature of LS which correspond to the dilated&#44; thin-walled lymphatic vessels in the papillary dermis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These lacunae are either filled with lymphatic fluid or red blood cells which gives their characteristic whitish or reddish color&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Gencoglan et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> described &#8220;hypopyon sign&#8221; occurring due to the precipitation of red blood cells as the differentiating feature between LS and hemangioma&#46; The presence of white lines separating the lacunae has been attributed to the presence of fibroplasia which is seen in many cases of LS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Zaballos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> correlated the presence of vascular structures to the micro-shunts between small blood vessels and lymphatic channels&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of lacunae and vascular structures has been described as the most common dermoscopic feature of LS while the &#8220;hypopyon sign&#8221; has been proposed as the most distinguishing feature of LS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> These dermoscopic features in combination help to distinguish LS from the other conditions included in the differential diagnoses&#46; We present this case for its educational value as all of the previously described dermoscopic patterns of LS can be clearly appreciated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Practical Dermoscopy
Grouped Red Vesicles in the Axilla
Vesículas rojas agrupadas en la axila
M. Mathur, P. Acharya
Corresponding author
prakashacharya888@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Karki
Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Bharatpur, Nepal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case Report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 15-year-old male presented with asymptomatic&#44; erythematous&#44; grouped vesicles over left axilla noticed since five years of age which did not respond to any topical treatments &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">What is your diagnosis&#63;</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lymphangioma Circumscriptum&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Commentary</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Polarized light dermoscopy revealed multiple erythematous lacunae separated by white septa and linear vascular structures &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; &#8220;Hypopyon sign&#8221; which refers to the two-tone lacunae due to the settling of blood in the lowest part of the lacunae was observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; With the provisional diagnosis of lymphangioma circumscriptum &#40;LS&#41;&#44; we performed a biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous lymphangiomas are rare vascular tumors divided into two major groups&#58; superficial and deep&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Lymphangioma circumscriptum&#44; also known as superficial lymphatic malformation is the most common type among these tumors&#46; LS is clinically characterized by clusters of translucent vesicles usually presenting soon after birth&#46; The differential diagnoses include hemangiomas&#44; angiokeratomas&#44; angiosarcomas&#44; lymphangiectasia&#44; hemangiomas&#44; cutaneous metastases&#44; warts and molluscum contagiosum&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Histologically&#44; LS displays many dilated lymphatic channels located in the superficial dermis which may extend to the reticular dermis or subcutaneous tissue&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presence of lacunae is the most commonly described histological feature of LS which correspond to the dilated&#44; thin-walled lymphatic vessels in the papillary dermis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These lacunae are either filled with lymphatic fluid or red blood cells which gives their characteristic whitish or reddish color&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Gencoglan et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> described &#8220;hypopyon sign&#8221; occurring due to the precipitation of red blood cells as the differentiating feature between LS and hemangioma&#46; The presence of white lines separating the lacunae has been attributed to the presence of fibroplasia which is seen in many cases of LS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Zaballos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> correlated the presence of vascular structures to the micro-shunts between small blood vessels and lymphatic channels&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of lacunae and vascular structures has been described as the most common dermoscopic feature of LS while the &#8220;hypopyon sign&#8221; has been proposed as the most distinguishing feature of LS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> These dermoscopic features in combination help to distinguish LS from the other conditions included in the differential diagnoses&#46; We present this case for its educational value as all of the previously described dermoscopic patterns of LS can be clearly appreciated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 15782190
Original language: English
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