Case and Research Letters
Impact of Psychological Intervention in Women with Alopecia Areata Universalis: a Pilot Study
Impacto de la intervención psicológica en mujeres con alopecia areata universal: un estudio piloto
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Pascual-Sánchez, P. Fernández-Martín, D. Saceda-Corralo, S. Vañó-Galván" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Pascual-Sánchez" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "anapascualsan@gmail.com" 1 => "a.pascual-sanchez@imperial.ac.uk" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Martín" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Saceda-Corralo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Vañó-Galván" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Tricología, Grupo de Dermatología Pedro Jaén, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Impacto de la intervención psicológica en mujeres con alopecia areata universal: un estudio piloto" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alopecia areata universalis (AAU) is a chronic disease that, not only involves a physical discomfort, but it can also entail a mental health problem due to its relapsing nature and a great impact in self-image. In fact, some studies showed that the likelihood of being attended in mental health services is higher in these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Moreover, a recent meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> found that alexithymia, anxiety and depression are common in patients with AAU, and authors encourage to refer these patients to specialist attention for a better management. Regarding psychological impact, new studies addressed consequences of living with AAU at different levels, such as cognitive (e.g. negative thoughts related to their hair and appearance, hopelessness), emotional (e.g. sadness), and behaviour (e.g. a restricted life as part of social withdrawal).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Within other countries like UK, collaboration between psychology and dermatology professionals is growing, considering that psychological assessment and treatment should be part of the healthcare of dermatology patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> However, despite being the medical assistance of these patients a prevalent phenomenon that greatly impacts our daily clinical practice, very little information is available regarding psychological treatment of these issues. That is, literature is scarce regarding psychological treatments for AAU patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study that have addressed how a cognitive-behavioural therapy, in a psychoeducative group setting, can help in the clinical care of women with AAU.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to assess if the usefulness of this psychological intervention in these patients, and to identify key elements that may allow us to improve our quality of assistance in this area, we conducted a pilot study with a group of AAU patients that were followed-up at the Trichology Unit in the Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid. The intervention consisted of nine fortnightly sessions in a psychoeducative group setting. Cognitive-behavioural techniques were used, such as problem-solving, cognitive restructuring, relaxation and social skills. The impact on QoL, sleep, anxiety and alexithymia were measured using validated scales. All statistical analyses were performed using a statistical software package (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 21.0, released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). To study significant difference between after and before intervention t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. All tests were 2-sided and statistical significance was considered with p < 0.05.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 16 women diagnosed with AAU were included. Their mean age was 45.1 years (range 24-64). Pre-post treatment comparisons are given in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> in more detail. Results showed an improvement in the QoL (p = 0.041) and sleep (p < 0.01), while a paradoxical increase was found in alexithymia (p = 0.025). No other significant differences were found between the beginning and the end of the treatment. Furthermore, correlation tests were conducted between variables. At the beginning, the quality of sleep seemed to be related with anxiety (r = 0.660), depression (r = 0.621) and self-steem (r = 0.580). At the end of treatment, depression was also significantly related with QoL (r = 0.519), whereas anxiety was associated with alexithymia (0.532), as well as with depression (r = 0.599) and self-steem (r= -0.567).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results have several implications. Firstly, the psychological intervention seems to be effective to improve QoL and sleep in women with AA, which are basic for the well-being of our patients. Some authors stated that patients with AAU have multiple risk factors for mental health disorders,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> such as psychological distress and a significant degree of impairment in quality of life (QoL. Despite more research is needed to thoroughly study the association between QoL, sleep quality and well-being in AAU patients, it suggests that it is strongly encouraged to bear these variables in mind when treating patients with AAU.The psychologist’s role in AAU patients is to improve the availability and use of personal resources and abilities to cope with their distress, improving their personal, social and family quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Furhermore, additional measures such as IPDE might be useful to discriminate personality profiles that are associated with QoL and clinical course in AAU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondly, a modest improvement was observed in anxiety, despite not being significant, which might be explained for the little sample size and the restricted period of time. Some improvements such as quality of sleep of little details regarding QoL in AA patients are easier to achieve faster than others which are more complex, such as anxiety or depression, which often need more than a few weeks to change.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, regarding the paradoxical increase found in alexithymia, it might be part of the process of starting to recognize self-emotions. Some patients may be still confused about emotions, while others already know how to identify them, how they feel but not how to express it. Future studies may shed light in this issue.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some limitations must be noted. Our sample is exclusively composed of women, so results cannot be generalized to male AAU patients and the sample size is very limited.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, our preliminar results show the positive impact of psychological interventions to improve AAU patients’ QoL. It supports the collaboration between psychologists and dermatologists to improve clinical management of dermatological disease. These data will be useful for future studies regarding the impact of psychological intervention in patients with alopecia areata.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-08-27" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-12-02" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Pascual-Sánchez A, Fernández-Martín P, Saceda-Corralo D, Vañó-Galván S. Impacto de la intervención psicológica en mujeres con alopecia areata universal: un estudio piloto. An Pediatr (Barc).2020. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.05.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.05.006</span></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M ± DT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CLINICAL FEATURES \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.45 ± 18,55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of onset (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.56 ± 12.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Duration of the alopecia (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.00 ± 1.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Number of treatments received \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.00 ± 8.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Quality of life (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatology Life Quality Index – DLQI</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.041* \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.44 ± 5.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Depression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.20 ± 9.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Beck Depression Inventory- BDI</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.20 ± 10.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">State anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.75 ± 29.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">State-trait Anxiety Inventory -STAI</span> ) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48.88 ± 23.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Self-steem \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.86 ± 4.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.426 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale - RSES</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.00 ± 4.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sleep \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.80 ± 6.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire - OSQ</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.93 ± 0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Alexithymia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43.93 ± 22.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.025* \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toronto Alexithymia Scale – TAS-20</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55.67 ± 16.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2414250.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical features and pre-post comparisons in psychological outcome.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Large-scale retrospective cohort study of psychological stress in patients with Alopecia Areata according to the frequency of intralesional steroid injection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "H. Shinwon" 1 => "S. Jaeyong" 2 => "K. Tae-Gyun" 3 => "K. Do-Young" 4 => "O. Sang Ho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2340/00015555-3079" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "99" "paginaInicial" => "236" "paginaFinal" => "237" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30393815" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comorbidities in alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S. Lee" 1 => "H. Lee" 2 => "C.H. Lee" 3 => "W.S. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2024 October | 80 | 43 | 123 |
| 2024 September | 81 | 27 | 108 |
| 2024 August | 92 | 49 | 141 |
| 2024 July | 73 | 24 | 97 |
| 2024 June | 93 | 32 | 125 |
| 2024 May | 83 | 36 | 119 |
| 2024 April | 85 | 27 | 112 |
| 2024 March | 65 | 18 | 83 |
| 2024 February | 53 | 29 | 82 |
| 2024 January | 62 | 36 | 98 |
| 2023 December | 48 | 22 | 70 |
| 2023 November | 72 | 36 | 108 |
| 2023 October | 57 | 30 | 87 |
| 2023 September | 54 | 43 | 97 |
| 2023 August | 89 | 21 | 110 |
| 2023 July | 49 | 37 | 86 |
| 2023 June | 36 | 28 | 64 |
| 2023 May | 51 | 28 | 79 |
| 2023 April | 57 | 22 | 79 |
| 2023 March | 81 | 41 | 122 |
| 2023 February | 37 | 27 | 64 |
| 2023 January | 41 | 35 | 76 |
| 2022 December | 55 | 42 | 97 |
| 2022 November | 31 | 38 | 69 |
| 2022 October | 25 | 26 | 51 |
| 2022 September | 23 | 40 | 63 |
| 2022 August | 28 | 45 | 73 |
| 2022 July | 20 | 42 | 62 |
| 2022 June | 25 | 27 | 52 |
| 2022 May | 40 | 43 | 83 |
| 2022 April | 44 | 33 | 77 |
| 2022 March | 44 | 42 | 86 |
| 2022 February | 47 | 19 | 66 |
| 2022 January | 35 | 31 | 66 |
| 2021 December | 28 | 26 | 54 |
| 2021 November | 39 | 45 | 84 |
| 2021 October | 75 | 54 | 129 |
| 2021 September | 41 | 32 | 73 |
| 2021 August | 46 | 32 | 78 |
| 2021 July | 34 | 27 | 61 |
| 2021 June | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| 2021 May | 33 | 40 | 73 |
| 2021 April | 92 | 63 | 155 |
| 2021 March | 80 | 19 | 99 |
| 2021 February | 55 | 32 | 87 |
| 2021 January | 45 | 19 | 64 |
| 2020 December | 33 | 21 | 54 |
| 2020 November | 62 | 31 | 93 |
| 2020 October | 21 | 25 | 46 |
| 2020 September | 38 | 20 | 58 |
| 2020 August | 32 | 19 | 51 |
| 2020 July | 26 | 26 | 52 |
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