Opinion Article
Guarumbo (Cecropia obtusifolia) for Warts in Zapotec Medicine
El tratamiento de las verrugas con guarumbo por los zapotecos
a Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, Spain
b Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Grupo de Investigación CellCOM-SB, A Coruña, Spain
c Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain
d Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
e Departamentos de Dermatología y Dermatopatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Read
6864
Timeswas read the article
1836
Total PDF
5028
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S157821902030038X" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2018.10.027" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-04-01" "aid" => "2111" "copyright" => "AEDV" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:189-91" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0001731018305295" "issn" => "00017310" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2018.10.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-04-01" "aid" => "2111" "copyright" => "AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:189-91" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 18 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 11 "PDF" => 7 ] ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artículo de opinión</span>" "titulo" => "El tratamiento de las verrugas con guarumbo por los zapotecos" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "191" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Guarumbo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Cecropia obtusifolia)</span> for Warts in Zapotec Medicine" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2326 "Ancho" => 1416 "Tamanyo" => 640341 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Ejemplar de guarumbo en el asentamiento zapoteco de Monte Albán en Oaxaca, México. B) Exudado lechoso similar al de la higuera y con propiedades curativas sobre las verrugas.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Fernandez-Flores, M. Llamas Velasco, M. Saeb Lima" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Fernandez-Flores" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Llamas Velasco" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Saeb Lima" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S157821902030038X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2018.10.027" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157821902030038X?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731018305295?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000011100000003/v3_202009190646/S0001731018305295/v3_202009190646/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S1578219020300287" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2020.03.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-04-01" "aid" => "2291" "copyright" => "AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:192-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Opinion Article</span>" "titulo" => "Deep Learning and Mathematical Models in Dermatology" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "192" "paginaFinal" => "195" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Deep learning</span> y DerMATología" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2238 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 346979 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0025" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Example of a convolution operation. A computer sees an image (L) as a 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 matrix of numbers. Each value of the input image is multiplied by a filter or kernel. Consequently, a new, reduced representation is obtained (a 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 feature map). B, Example of a specific operation for the values in the blue box.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Á. Iglesias-Puzas, P. Boixeda" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Á." "apellidos" => "Iglesias-Puzas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Boixeda" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S000173101930393X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2019.01.014" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S000173101930393X?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219020300287?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000011100000003/v1_202005050702/S1578219020300287/v1_202005050702/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Opinion Article</span>" "titulo" => "Guarumbo (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cecropia obtusifolia</span>) for Warts in Zapotec Medicine" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "191" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Fernandez-Flores, M. Llamas Velasco, M. Saeb Lima" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Fernandez-Flores" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dermatopathonline@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Llamas Velasco" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Saeb Lima" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Grupo de Investigación CellCOM-SB, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamentos de Dermatología y Dermatopatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El tratamiento de las verrugas con guarumbo por los zapotecos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1559 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 353685 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Example of guarumbo from the Zapotec settlement of Monte Albán in Oaxaca, Mexico. B, Milky exudate similar to that of the fig tree, with curative properties in warts.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Approaches to treatment of viral warts have varied throughout history. In addition to practices that may have some pathophysiological basis, such as rubbing the wart with various foods or substances,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> other, irrational approaches continue to be used. These include “selling” the wart to another person, reciting phrases, or rubbing the wart with a widow’s wedding ring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However, some exotic remedies, such as duct tape, have been validated in comparative scientific studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In any case, it is important to remember that a considerable number of warts remit spontaneously without treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phytotherapy has played a key role in the treatment of warts among various cultures. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Euphorbia hirta</span> is used for this purpose in India,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Qu You Ding,</span> a solution comprising several medicinal plants, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Oil of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tropidurus hispidus</span> is used in Brazil,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> as is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hancornia speciosa</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In Iran, some studies have shown the efficacy of myrtle <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Myrtus communis)</span>. In Italy <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arum italicum, Tamarix gallica</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ficus carica</span> are used to treat warts,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> often in the context of a magic ritual. The approaches used in Japan include <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shokenchuto</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">makyoyokukanto</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mechanism by which these natural remedies act against human papillomavirus has been studied in vivo and in vitro.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> We know that some of their active ingredients can induce apoptosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> act as modulators of gene transcription and protein synthesis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> regulate cell signaling translation pathways,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and/or stimulate general immunity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Clinically, the effects of destruction of the wart manifest early as pruritus, reddening, or edema of the basal part, followed by roughness of the surface and desquamation after a few days.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In terms of histopathology, spontaneous regression of warts is accompanied by intense lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with satellite metastasis and apoptosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> A similar reaction can be seen in the regression induced by drugs such as imiquimod.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the plants used in the treatment of warts is guarumbo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Cecropia obtusifolia),</span> which is also known as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">chancarro</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guarumo</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hormigo</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hormiguillo</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">palo de hormigas</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trompeta</span>, or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trompetillo</span> (trumpet tree).</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Guarumbo is from the tropical areas of the American continent. It has hypoglycemic,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> diuretic,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> and hypotensive properties<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and is abundant in the south of Mexico in the state of Oaxaca. Consequently, it is found in numerous pre-Columbian Meso-American settlements, such as Monte Albán (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A), the main Zapotec enclave of Mexico.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Zapotecs mostly inhabited the areas of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla. Monte Albán reached its greatest splendor around 700 AD, after which time, for different reasons, this and other settlements were gradually abandoned by their settlers.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Zapotecs developed an extensive culture of hygiene measures and therapy covering various diseases. This was based on plants and other remedies applied by the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">colanij,</span> a low-ranking group among Zapotec priests,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> generally in the context of a magic ritual preceded by abstinence and fasting and often accompanied by hallucinogenic agents such as yerua and pèyaçòo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Informants from the Spanish colonial administration characterized the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">colanij</span> as being knowledgeable about medicinal wild plants and often referred to them—erroneously—using the Mexica term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ticitl</span> (physician), which was much more familiar to them.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main elements of Zapotec dermatological knowledge centered on various practices for skin care and hygiene, including soap, baths (probably in the sulfurous waters of the area), or saunas that were constructed in the shape of tents (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">temazcales</span>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> They used guarumbo as a skin remedy against warts. Specifically, they used the milky substance released by the plant when its appendices were cut (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B).</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the mechanism of action, evidence for the use of guarumbo to treat several diseases is currently considered grade C (unclear scientific evidence). Its active ingredients include chlorogenic acid, iso-orientin, and quercetin. However, while these have antifungal properties, they do not have antiviral properties, mainly owing to the fact that polyphenols do not mix with cytoplasm in the epithelial cells of warts, thus leaving no place for the action of the polyphenol-polyphenol oxidase system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mechanism of action of guarumbo milk may be similar to that induced by latex from the fig tree (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ficus carica</span>) which was already mentioned by Avicenna in his <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canon of Medicine</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Thus, in studies comparing treatment of warts with fig tree latex and with cryotherapy, the former was only slightly inferior to the latter in terms of outcomes, although it was free from adverse effects, unlike the latter.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Furthermore, it has shown similar effectiveness to that of other therapeutic approaches used in our daily clinical practice, such as acetylsalicylic acid, topical 5-fluorouracil, intralesional interferon, and imiquimod.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> While the mechanism of action of fig tree latex is not completely known, it seems to be associated with its proteolytic and keratolytic activity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> as well as its antiviral activity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25,26</span></a> and some of its extracts have proven able to inhibit viral replication in vitro.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It can also induce phytophotodermatitis through its furocoumarins, thus triggering local skin injury and an inflammatory response.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-08-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-10-28" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Fernandez-Flores A, Llamas Velasco M, Saeb Lima M. El tratamiento de las verrugas con guarumbo por los zapotecos. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:189–191.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1559 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 353685 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Example of guarumbo from the Zapotec settlement of Monte Albán in Oaxaca, Mexico. B, Milky exudate similar to that of the fig tree, with curative properties in warts.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Wart charming practices among patients attending wart clinics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "K. Steele" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Gen Pract" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "517" "paginaFinal" => "518" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2282235" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Duct tape removes warts" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T.J. Lynch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Fam Pract" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "111" "paginaFinal" => "112" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12585986" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts 2014" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.C. Sterling" 1 => "S. Gibbs" 2 => "S.S. Haque Hussain" 3 => "M.F. Mohd Mustapa" 4 => "S.E. Handfield-Jones" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/bjd.13310" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "171" "paginaInicial" => "696" "paginaFinal" => "712" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25273231" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ethnomedicinal and ecological status of plants in Garhwal Himalaya, India" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Kumar" 1 => "M.A. Sheikh" 2 => "R.W. Bussmann" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1746-4269-7-32" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Ethnobiol Ethnomed" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "32" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011477" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical observation on the therapeutic effects of Qu You Ding on flat wart" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Wu" 1 => "J. Wang" 2 => "Y. Huang" 3 => "J. Zhou" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Tradit Chin Med" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "206" "paginaFinal" => "208" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16334725" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Topical anti-inflammatory activity of oil from Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I.J. Santos" 1 => "G.O. Leite" 2 => "J.G. Costa" 3 => "R.R. Alves" 4 => "A.R. Campos" 5 => "I.R. Menezes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2015/140247" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Evid Based Complement Alternat Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "2015" "paginaInicial" => "140247" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664448" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109704005807" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Hancornia speciosa latex in Allium cepa root model" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.P. Ribeiro" 1 => "T.R. Sousa" 2 => "A.S. Arruda" 3 => "N. Peixoto" 4 => "P.J. Gonçalves" 5 => "L.M. Almeida" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1590/1519-6984.20114" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Braz J Biol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "76" "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "249" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909640" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Notes about the uses of plants by one of the last healers in the Basilicata region (South Italy)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Montesano" 1 => "D. Negro" 2 => "G. Sarli" 3 => "A. De Lisi" 4 => "G. Laghetti" 5 => "K. Hammer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1746-4269-8-15" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Ethnobiol Ethnomed" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "15" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546322" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recalcitrant subungual verruca of a child successfully treated with combination use of traditional Japanese herbal medicines, shokenchuto and makyoyokukanto" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Kobayashi" 1 => "D. Tsuruta" 2 => "H. Tamiya" 3 => "S. Yanagihara" 4 => "T. Nakanishi" 5 => "N. Mizuno" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01203.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "1193" "paginaFinal" => "1195" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21453317" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0378512216304133" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "03785122" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Traditional Chinese medicine for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections: A systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Lin" 1 => "L. Chen" 2 => "X. Qiu" 3 => "N. Zhang" 4 => "Q. Guo" 5 => "Y. Wang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5582/bst.2017.01056" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biosci Trends" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "267" "paginaFinal" => "273" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28484110" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis of HPV16 DNA-immortalized human cervical epithelial cells and selectively inhibits viral gene expression" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Zheng" 1 => "Y.P. Deng" 2 => "C. Lin" 3 => "M. Fu" 4 => "P.G. Xiao" 5 => "M. Wu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990719)82:2<286::aid-ijc21>3.0.co;2-k" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "82" "paginaInicial" => "286" "paginaFinal" => "292" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10389765" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "HPV E6 down-regulation and apoptosis induction of human cervical cancer cells by a novel lipid-soluble extract (PE) from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pinellia pedatisecta</span> Schott in vitro" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G.L. Li" 1 => "W. Jiang" 2 => "Q. Xia" 3 => "S.H. Chen" 4 => "X.R. Ge" 5 => "S.Q. Gui" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.035" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Ethnopharmacol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "132" "paginaInicial" => "56" "paginaFinal" => "64" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20659543" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dehydrocostus Lactone Inhibits Proliferation, Antiapoptosis, and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Jiang" 1 => "X. Sun" 2 => "H. Kang" 3 => "L. Sun" 4 => "W. An" 5 => "Y. Yao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/IGC.0000000000000474" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Gynecol Cancer" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "1179" "paginaFinal" => "1186" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017248" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Improvement of cervical microenvironment and effect of Erhuang Powder on CIN I accompanied by human papillomavirus infection according to Th1/Th2 immune balance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Y. Xu" 1 => "L. Yuan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "43" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spontaneous regression of plane warts after inflammation: clinical and histologic studies in 25 cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "H. Tagami" 1 => "M. Takigawa" 2 => "A. Ogino" 3 => "S. Imamura" 4 => "S. Ofugi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "1209" "paginaFinal" => "1213" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/900963" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An open, randomized, comparative clinical and histological study of imiquimod 5% cream versus 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.H. Seo" 1 => "H.W. Chin" 2 => "D.W. Jeong" 3 => "H.W. Sung" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5021/ad.2010.22.2.156" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Dermatol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "156" "paginaFinal" => "162" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20548905" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hypoglycemic effect and chlorogenic acid content in two <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cecropia</span> species" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "P. Nicasio" 1 => "L. Aguilar-Santamaría" 2 => "E. Aranda" 3 => "S. Ortiz" 4 => "M. González" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ptr.1722" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phytother Res" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "661" "paginaFinal" => "664" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16177966" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diuretic effect of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cecropia obtusifolia</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Moraceae</span>) on albino rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Vargas Howell" 1 => "G. Ulate Montero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Biol Trop" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "93" "paginaFinal" => "96" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8731614" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hypotensive activity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cecropia obtusifolia</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H. Vidrio" 1 => "F. García-Márquez" 2 => "J. Reyes" 3 => "R.M. Soto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jps.2600710433" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pharm Sci" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "71" "paginaInicial" => "475" "paginaFinal" => "476" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7086667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sobre higiene y medicina entre los zapotecas durante la época de la conquista española" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "U. Thiemer-Sachse" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "fecha" => "2000" "paginaInicial" => "185" "paginaFinal" => "209" "editorial" => "Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preu ßischer" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Berlin" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The necrotic reactions and the role of the polyphenol-polyphenoloxidase system in phytoimmunity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.V. Metlitskii" 1 => "O. Leonidovna Ozeretskovskaia" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:5 [ "editores" => "L.V.Metlitskii, O.Leonidovna Ozeretskovskaia" "titulo" => "Plant immunity: Biochemical Aspects of Plant Resistance to Fungi" "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "80" "serieFecha" => "1968" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative study of fig tree efficacy in the treatment of common warts (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Verruca vulgaris</span>) vs. cryotherapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Bohlooli" 1 => "A. Mohebipoor" 2 => "S. Mohammadi" 3 => "M. Kouhnavard" 4 => "S. Pashapoor" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03159.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "524" "paginaFinal" => "526" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17472688" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0261561415001740" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "02615614" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Therapy of cutaneous human Papillomavirus infections" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Rivera" 1 => "S.K. Tyring" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04047.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatol Ther" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "441" "paginaFinal" => "448" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15571494" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Therapeutic effects of fig tree latex on bovine papillomatosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Hemmatzadeh" 1 => "A. Fatemi" 2 => "F. Amini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00702.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "473" "paginaFinal" => "476" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720183" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Studies on anti-HSV effect of Ficus carica leaves" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Wang" 1 => "H. Wang" 2 => "Y. Song" 3 => "C. Jia" 4 => "Z. Wang" 5 => "H. Xu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Zhong Yao Cai" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "754" "paginaFinal" => "756" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850358" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "In vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities of Ficus carica latex extracts" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Lazreg Aref" 1 => "B. Gaaliche" 2 => "A. Fekih" 3 => "M. Mars" 4 => "M. Aouni" 5 => "J. Pierre Chaumon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/14786419.2010.528758" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Prod Res" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "310" "paginaFinal" => "319" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21294043" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000011100000003/v1_202005050702/S157821902030038X/v1_202005050702/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6198" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Opinion Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000011100000003/v1_202005050702/S157821902030038X/v1_202005050702/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157821902030038X?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 24 | 9 | 33 |
| 2024 October | 209 | 56 | 265 |
| 2024 September | 283 | 44 | 327 |
| 2024 August | 290 | 75 | 365 |
| 2024 July | 205 | 55 | 260 |
| 2024 June | 195 | 46 | 241 |
| 2024 May | 177 | 46 | 223 |
| 2024 April | 169 | 40 | 209 |
| 2024 March | 171 | 52 | 223 |
| 2024 February | 134 | 41 | 175 |
| 2024 January | 98 | 28 | 126 |
| 2023 December | 108 | 33 | 141 |
| 2023 November | 146 | 53 | 199 |
| 2023 October | 134 | 37 | 171 |
| 2023 September | 102 | 40 | 142 |
| 2023 August | 89 | 20 | 109 |
| 2023 July | 117 | 28 | 145 |
| 2023 June | 93 | 27 | 120 |
| 2023 May | 133 | 33 | 166 |
| 2023 April | 98 | 36 | 134 |
| 2023 March | 163 | 40 | 203 |
| 2023 February | 89 | 21 | 110 |
| 2023 January | 62 | 35 | 97 |
| 2022 December | 76 | 48 | 124 |
| 2022 November | 70 | 35 | 105 |
| 2022 October | 44 | 28 | 72 |
| 2022 September | 44 | 36 | 80 |
| 2022 August | 29 | 35 | 64 |
| 2022 July | 40 | 42 | 82 |
| 2022 June | 35 | 39 | 74 |
| 2022 May | 90 | 46 | 136 |
| 2022 April | 66 | 35 | 101 |
| 2022 March | 78 | 39 | 117 |
| 2022 February | 66 | 22 | 88 |
| 2022 January | 81 | 49 | 130 |
| 2021 December | 57 | 32 | 89 |
| 2021 November | 66 | 38 | 104 |
| 2021 October | 72 | 36 | 108 |
| 2021 September | 58 | 36 | 94 |
| 2021 August | 56 | 30 | 86 |
| 2021 July | 40 | 24 | 64 |
| 2021 June | 32 | 14 | 46 |
| 2021 May | 35 | 28 | 63 |
| 2021 April | 70 | 39 | 109 |
| 2021 March | 71 | 17 | 88 |
| 2021 February | 44 | 15 | 59 |
| 2021 January | 50 | 11 | 61 |
| 2020 December | 35 | 14 | 49 |
| 2020 November | 38 | 20 | 58 |
| 2020 October | 20 | 8 | 28 |
| 2020 September | 42 | 19 | 61 |
| 2020 August | 71 | 16 | 87 |
| 2020 July | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2020 June | 36 | 22 | 58 |
| 2020 May | 78 | 47 | 125 |
| 2020 April | 13 | 12 | 25 |
| 2020 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Show all
