Case and Research Letters
Effectiveness of 904nm Gallium-Arsenide Diode Laser in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: Report of 2Cases
Eficacia del láser de diodo de arseniuro de galio en el tratamiento de 2 casos de liquen plano oral
a Profesor asistente, Departamento de Medicina Oral y Radiología, Facultad y Hospital Sarjug Dental, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
b Profesor y jefe, Departamento de Medicina Oral y Radiología, Facultad JSS Dental, Mysore, Karnataka
c Profesor, Departamento de Medicina Oral y Radiología, Facultad JSS Dental, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Read
4557
Timeswas read the article
1698
Total PDF
2859
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S1578219019300435" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.02.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-05-01" "aid" => "1942" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:325-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 3 "PDF" => 1 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S000173101830156X" "issn" => "00017310" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2018.02.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-05-01" "aid" => "1942" "copyright" => "AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:325-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 99 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 1 "HTML" => 68 "PDF" => 30 ] ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">CARTA CIENTÍFICO-CLÍNICA</span>" "titulo" => "Eficacia del láser de diodo de arseniuro de galio en el tratamiento de 2 casos de liquen plano oral" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "327" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Effectiveness of 904<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm Gallium-Arsenide Diode Laser in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: Report of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cases" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1137 "Ancho" => 1200 "Tamanyo" => 218422 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Segunda paciente. Fotografía previa al tratamiento en la que se muestra una lesión eritematosa reticular en la mucosa bucal.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "P.T. Bhattacharya, K. Patil, M.V. Guledgud" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P.T." "apellidos" => "Bhattacharya" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Patil" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.V." "apellidos" => "Guledgud" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1578219019300435" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.02.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219019300435?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S000173101830156X?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000011000000004/v2_201905040606/S000173101830156X/v2_201905040606/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219019301003" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.03.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-05-01" "aid" => "2021" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:327-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3 "HTML" => 3 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case and Research Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Blepharochalasis: A Rare Presentation of Cutis Laxa" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "327" "paginaFinal" => "329" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Blefarocalasia: una presentación rara de cutis laxo" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 802 "Ancho" => 650 "Tamanyo" => 70476 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eyelid redundancy.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S.G. Dantas, B.M. Trope, T.C. de Magalhães, D.R. Azulay, D.C. Quintella, M. Ramos-e-Silva" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.G." "apellidos" => "Dantas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B.M." "apellidos" => "Trope" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T.C." "apellidos" => "de Magalhães" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.R." "apellidos" => "Azulay" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.C." "apellidos" => "Quintella" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Ramos-e-Silva" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731018303387" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2018.04.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731018303387?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219019301003?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000011000000004/v1_201905070820/S1578219019301003/v1_201905070820/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219018301926" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2018.05.031" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-05-01" "aid" => "1948" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:321-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 10 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 8 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case and Research Letters</span>" "titulo" => "Diagnostic Pitfalls: Pseudomelanocytic Nests in the Setting of Lichenoid Inflammation" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "321" "paginaFinal" => "325" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Trampas diagnósticas: nidos seudomelanocíticos en el contexto de la inflamación liquenoide" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1036 "Ancho" => 3084 "Tamanyo" => 602415 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Initial biopsy showed diminished rete ridges and atypical cells in nests and as single cells with an underlying lymphohistiocytic infiltrate on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) on low (A) and high (B) magnification. MART-1 showed weak staining of the lesional cells (C). Subsequent biopsies showed less nesting on H&E on low (D) and high (E) magnification and did not show a melanocytic neoplasm with SOX10 stains (F). Pankeratin and S100 were only focally positive (not pictured).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "D. McClanahan, S. Choudhary, J. Zahniser, J. Ho" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "McClanahan" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Choudhary" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Zahniser" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Ho" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731018301728" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2018.02.014" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731018301728?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219018301926?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000011000000004/v1_201905070820/S1578219018301926/v1_201905070820/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:16 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case and Research Letters</span>" "titulo" => "Effectiveness of 904<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm Gallium-Arsenide Diode Laser in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: Report of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cases" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To the editor:</span>" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "327" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "P.T. Bhattacharya, K. Patil, M.V. Guledgud" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "P.T." "apellidos" => "Bhattacharya" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "preeti_kgmu@rediffmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Patil" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.V." "apellidos" => "Guledgud" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Profesor asistente, Departamento de Medicina Oral y Radiología, Facultad y Hospital Sarjug Dental, Darbhanga, Bihar, India" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Profesor y jefe, Departamento de Medicina Oral y Radiología, Facultad JSS Dental, Mysore, Karnataka" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Profesor, Departamento de Medicina Oral y Radiología, Facultad JSS Dental, Mysore, Karnataka, India" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Eficacia del láser de diodo de arseniuro de galio en el tratamiento de 2 casos de liquen plano oral" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1358 "Ancho" => 1000 "Tamanyo" => 153921 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Second patient's post-treatment photograph.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two symptomatic non-pregnant female patients with clinically and histopathologically diagnosed oral lichen planus were selected for the treatment with Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). Both the patients were neither suffering from any systemic illness nor were on any systemic drugs. Both the patients had histories of recurrent lesions which were treated before with topical corticosteroids. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Clearance Committee of the college and written informed consent form was obtained from the patients.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The subjective assessment of pain and burning sensation was done on Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) before start of treatment, after 5 and 10 sessions, and after one month post treatment. VAS is a 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm long horizontal line where 0 represent “no pain” and 10 represent “worst possible pain”.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The objective assessment of the lesions was done based on Clinical Scoring Scale of Thongprasom et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The lesions were measured with the help of marked tongue blade. The clinical scoring criteria used were as follows:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Score 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>white striae with erosive area<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>> 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Score 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>white striae with erosive area <<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Score 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>white striae with atrophic area<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>> 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Score 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>white striae with atrophic area <<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Score 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mild white striae, no erythematous area</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Score 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>no lesion, normal mucosa</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The score of 0 or 1 after 10 sessions of LLLT or before was considered complete resolution.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The gallium arsenide diode laser (low–intensity LASER, Prometheus-M, New Delhi, 2001, LASER class: III B, Wavelength: 904<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm, Power supply & consumption: 220<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V & 10W was directed towards the lesions through fiber-optic nozzles at a 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm distance from the lesions at 4 – 6 points for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes at each point with a frequency of 1500 HZ thrice weekly on alternate days for 10 sessions or till the lesions heal. The international safety procedures for LASER application were respected. The first patient had erosive lichen planus on lower lip since 15 days and had clinical score of 5 and VAS of 6 before treatment. The patient showed complete resolution of the lesion after 5 sessions of LLLT. There was no recurrence in the one year follow up period. The second patient had erosive-reticular lesion on right buccal mucosa (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) for one month and clinical score of 5 and VAS of 7 before treatment. The patient showed almost complete resolution of the lesion post 9 sessions of LLLT therapy with clinical score and VAS score of 1 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). The patient was asymptomatic and there had been no recurrence of the lesion one year post treatment.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lichen planus is a T cell mediated potentially premalignant condition that affects mucosal and cutaneous tissues. It was first described by Erasmus Wilson in 1869 as “leichen planus”. The overall prevalence of lichen planus is reportedly 0.22% to 5% worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The word LASER is an ellipsis for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. Therapeutic lasers are within red to near visible red electromagnetic spectrum ranging from 630 to 980<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm. LLLT is based on Arndt-Schulz principle which states that if the stimulus is too weak, no effect is seen. Increased stimulation and optimal dose leads to the optimal effect; while further dose increase leads to a decreased effect.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The various effects of LLLT on tissues are as follows<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">They act analgesically by enhancing release of endorphin and thus inhibit nociceptive signals and control pain mediators.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inflamed /pathologic tissues are acidic in nature. LLLT act on cellular reduction-oxidative potential so that the pH becomes optimally alkaline.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LLLT has anti-inflammatory effect as it stimulates lymphocytes, activate mast cells and increase production of adenosine –triphosphate in the mitochondria.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These lasers stimulate microcirculation which results in the change of capillary hydrostatic pressure which in turn helps in edema reduction.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LLLT increase ascorbic acid in fibroblast thus increasing hydroxyproline production and consequently collagen production. Thus, helping in tissue healing and repair.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LLLT improve proliferation of the epithelial cells which leads to increased number of blood vessels as well as enhanced production of granulation tissue.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various studies and case reports have reported the efficacy of LLLT in treatment of myriad of mucosal lesions and disorders such as oral mucositis, pemphigus vulgaris, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, herpes simplex and oral lichen planus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6–10</span></a> We also successfully treated two cases of OLP with 904<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm GaAr Laser.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As of now, it can be concluded that LLLT may be an alternative booming mode of treatment for OLP. The substantial deductions on efficacy of LLLT in treatment of OLP can be arrived only after conducting more studies on larger sample sizes and among different ethnic groups.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Bhattacharya PT, Patil K, Guledgud MV. Eficacia del láser de diodo de arseniuro de galio en el tratamiento de 2 casos de liquen plano oral. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:325–327.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1137 "Ancho" => 1200 "Tamanyo" => 218422 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Second patient's pre-treatment photograph showing erythematous reticular lesion on buccal mucosa.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1358 "Ancho" => 1000 "Tamanyo" => 153921 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Second patient's post-treatment photograph.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Graphic representation of pain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Scott" 1 => "E.C. Huskisson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pain" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "175" "paginaFinal" => "184" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1026900" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relative efficacy of fluocinolone acetonide compared with triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of oral lichen planus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Thongprasom" 1 => "L. Luangjarmekorn" 2 => "T. Sererat" 3 => "W. Taweesap" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Pathol Med" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "456" "paginaFinal" => "458" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1460584" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "[Article ID 742826]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: A comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Gorouhi" 1 => "P. Davari" 2 => "N. Fazel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2014/742826" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "The Scientific World Journal" "fecha" => "2014" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26221626" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative evaluation of low-level laser and CO2 laser in treatment of patients with oral lichen planus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Agha-Hosseini" 1 => "E. Moslemi" 2 => "I. Mirzaii-Dizgah" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijom.2012.06.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "1265" "paginaFinal" => "1269" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784653" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An evaluation of different treatment for recurrent aphthous stomatitis and patient perceptions: Nd:YAG laser versus medication" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Tezel" 1 => "C. Kara" 2 => "V. Balkaya" 3 => "R. Orbak" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1089/pho.2008.2274" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Photomed Laser Surg" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "101" "paginaFinal" => "106" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687056" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Low level laser in oral mucositis: A piloty study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.G. Cauwels" 1 => "L.C. Martens" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Arch Paediatr Dent" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "118" "paginaFinal" => "123" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473845" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Low level laser therapy on the treatment of oral and cutaneous pemphigus vulgaris: case report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.M. Minicucci" 1 => "H.A. Miot" 2 => "S.R. Barraviera" 3 => "L. Almeida-Lopes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10103-012-1101-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lasers Med Sci" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "1103" "paginaFinal" => "1106" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22538841" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Low level laser therapy in the treatment of aphthous ulcer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V. Anand" 1 => "V. Gulati" 2 => "B. Anand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4103/0970-9290.116691" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Dent Res" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "267" "paginaFinal" => "270" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965460" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recurrent herpes simplex infections: A laser therapy as a potential tool for long-term successful treatment" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D.C. Ferreira" 1 => "H.L.B. Reis" 2 => "F.S. Cavalcante" 3 => "K.R.N. Sentos" 4 => "M.R.L. Passos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "397" "paginaFinal" => "399" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779683" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical evaluation of the efficiency of low level laser therapy for oral lichen planus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Cafaro" 1 => "P.G. Arduino" 2 => "G. Massolini" 3 => "E. Romagnoli" 4 => "R. Broccoletti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10103-013-1313-6" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lasers Med Sci" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "185" "paginaFinal" => "190" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23549680" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000011000000004/v1_201905070820/S1578219019300435/v1_201905070820/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6157" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Case and Research Letters" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000011000000004/v1_201905070820/S1578219019300435/v1_201905070820/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219019300435?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2024 October | 87 | 48 | 135 |
| 2024 September | 86 | 27 | 113 |
| 2024 August | 118 | 69 | 187 |
| 2024 July | 102 | 36 | 138 |
| 2024 June | 67 | 26 | 93 |
| 2024 May | 76 | 36 | 112 |
| 2024 April | 89 | 20 | 109 |
| 2024 March | 78 | 38 | 116 |
| 2024 February | 60 | 35 | 95 |
| 2024 January | 47 | 40 | 87 |
| 2023 December | 50 | 19 | 69 |
| 2023 November | 55 | 29 | 84 |
| 2023 October | 54 | 16 | 70 |
| 2023 September | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2023 August | 41 | 18 | 59 |
| 2023 July | 74 | 32 | 106 |
| 2023 June | 73 | 28 | 101 |
| 2023 May | 86 | 29 | 115 |
| 2023 April | 71 | 25 | 96 |
| 2023 March | 71 | 36 | 107 |
| 2023 February | 61 | 39 | 100 |
| 2023 January | 57 | 38 | 95 |
| 2022 December | 51 | 37 | 88 |
| 2022 November | 39 | 29 | 68 |
| 2022 October | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2022 September | 24 | 47 | 71 |
| 2022 August | 25 | 40 | 65 |
| 2022 July | 27 | 48 | 75 |
| 2022 June | 33 | 29 | 62 |
| 2022 May | 50 | 35 | 85 |
| 2022 April | 82 | 50 | 132 |
| 2022 March | 62 | 63 | 125 |
| 2022 February | 59 | 29 | 88 |
| 2022 January | 53 | 40 | 93 |
| 2021 December | 59 | 47 | 106 |
| 2021 November | 59 | 47 | 106 |
| 2021 October | 45 | 59 | 104 |
| 2021 September | 63 | 28 | 91 |
| 2021 August | 75 | 25 | 100 |
| 2021 July | 44 | 22 | 66 |
| 2021 June | 17 | 25 | 42 |
| 2021 May | 35 | 30 | 65 |
| 2021 April | 64 | 60 | 124 |
| 2021 March | 50 | 26 | 76 |
| 2021 February | 62 | 21 | 83 |
| 2021 January | 37 | 13 | 50 |
| 2020 December | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2020 November | 24 | 13 | 37 |
| 2020 October | 17 | 21 | 38 |
| 2020 September | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2020 August | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| 2020 July | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2020 June | 29 | 29 | 58 |
| 2020 May | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2020 April | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2020 March | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2020 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 May | 3 | 1 | 4 |
Show all
