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Cosano-Quero, V. Velasco-Tirado, M.P. Sánchez Seco, L. Manzanedo-Bueno, M. Belhassen-García" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Cosano-Quero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Velasco-Tirado" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.P. Sánchez" "apellidos" => "Seco" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Manzanedo-Bueno" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Belhassen-García" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mbelhassen@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Arbovirus y Enfermedades Víricas Importadas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, CIETUS. IBSAL, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Virus Zika: manifestaciones cutáneas en 3 pacientes" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1089 "Ancho" => 2833 "Tamanyo" => 324814 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Papular erythematous rash on the chest. B, Papular erythematous rash on the back.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The global impact of Zika virus infection is undeniable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In Spain, a high level of clinical suspicion is warranted given the large numbers of persons of Latin American origin and the country's thriving tourism industry. High-risk areas of Spain include the Mediterranean coast and also Aragon and the Basque Country, given the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes albopictus</span>, a potential vector of the virus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although skin manifestations are very common in Zika virus infections, few images are available in the literature.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe the cases of 3 patients who came to our clinic with skin lesions after returning to Spain from Latin America. All had received multiple mosquito bites and presented with fever and a nonspecific erythematous maculopapular rash. Zika virus infection was confirmed upon polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of viral nucleic acids in serum and urine. All 3 patients progressed favorably.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case Descriptions</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Case 1</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 25-year-old Spanish man who had returned to Spain from Martinique 7 days earlier. He reported no symptoms during his stay except for numerous arthropod bites, but attended our outpatient clinic with pruritic skin lesions on the upper half of his body that had developed 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours earlier together with fever and asthenia. The patient's general condition was good, and his temperature was 38.3°C. He had a confluent erythematous maculopapular rash that predominantly affected the face (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) and trunk (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). There were scattered lesions on the lower limbs. The results of a complete blood count (CBC) and tests of liver function, coagulation, and acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) were normal. We prescribed treatment for symptoms and ordered tests for cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Zika virus, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rickettsia conorii</span>, and syphilis. The results of all tests were negative, except for PCR for Zika virus, which was detected in both serum and urine samples. The patient recovered fully within a week.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Case 2</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 31-year-old Spanish woman who had returned 2 days earlier from Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. She reported no clinically relevant events except for arthropod bites, but consulted us for a centrifugally distributed generalized cutaneous rash that had appeared abruptly 24 hours earlier together with self-limiting diarrhea and a mild frontal headache. The patient's general condition was good, and her temperature was 37.7°C. An erythematous maculopapular rash was observed on the cheeks, the anterior and posterior aspects of the trunk, the limbs, and the palms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Laboratory results (CBC, ionogram, and tests of liver function, coagulation, and acute phase reactants) were normal. We prescribed treatment for symptoms. The rash had resolved by a follow-up examination 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours later. The results of microbiological tests for CMV, EBV, HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV, rubella and measles viruses, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Zika virus, and syphilis were negative, except for PCR detection of Zika virus in urine. The patient recovered fully within 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours of onset.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Case 3</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 46-year-old Venezuelan man who lives in Spain. He reported no clinically relevant events during his most recent visit to Venezuela, except for numerous arthropod bites. Two days after returning to Spain he consulted us for skin lesions in the upper half of his body that had appeared several hours earlier. The rash was accompanied by fever, general malaise, pain on swallowing, myalgia, and small joint pain. The patient's general condition was good, and his temperature was 39.5°C. He had mucosal dryness and bilateral conjunctival hyperemia (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>) together with a confluent erythematous maculopapular rash mainly on the face, trunk, and back and blanched when pressed with a glass slide. The results of the CBC and liver function and coagulation tests were normal: C-reactive protein, 37.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL; procalcitonin, 1.27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/mL. Microbiology (for CMV, EBV, HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV, chikungunya virus, and syphilis) results were negative but showed markers of a previous dengue virus infection. The results of serology and blood PCR for Zika virus were negative. Urine PCR produced a positive result for Zika virus. The patient improved after 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) (genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Flavivirus</span>, family Flaviviridae) that was first identified in Uganda in 1947.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Transmission occurs via coexisting urban and sylvatic cycles and involves mosquito vectors of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes</span>. Sexual, vertical, and blood-transfusion transmission have also been described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Zika virus was limited to specific regions of Africa and Asia until 2007. Since then, the virus has spread unrestrained throughout the world. The cases reported to date in Spain have been the result of infections acquired in other countries; congenital and sexual transmission has been described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> (HYPERLINK “<a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.msssi.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/zika/casosDiagnosticados/home.htm''">http://www.msssi.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/zika/casosDiagnosticados/home.htm”</a>). Zika virus infection can potentially have a substantial impact in Spain given the following factors: 1) Spain's thriving tourism industry; 2) the large number of Latin Americans resident here; 3) the presence along the Spanish Mediterranean coast of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes albopictus</span>, which could theoretically mediate autochthonous transmission after biting an individual infected abroad; and 4) the possibility of sexual transmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Prompt diagnosis would allow optimization of clinical management, improve the monitoring of severe cases, and minimize the risk of potential autochthonous transmission. Early detection in pregnant women is essential to detecting cases of congenital Zika virus infection.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most patients (75%–80%) are asymptomatic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The remainder present with rash that is occasionally pruritic (90%), fever (65%), joint pain and inflammation (65%), nonpurulent conjunctivitis (55%), headache (45%), and less frequently digestive symptoms (10%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In some cases Zika virus infection can be associated with neurological signs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The most important thing to remember about this disease is its ability to cause fetal malformations and miscarriage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although skin lesions are common in Zika infections, they are not often illustrated in the literature. The lesions are nonspecific and often difficult to distinguish from those caused by other arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya viruses (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Furthermore, coinfections with other tropical viruses can complicate diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The rash caused by Zika virus consists of erythematous morbilliform or scarlatiniform macules and/or papules that appear on the trunk or face 3 to 5 days after onset of the febrile phase. In the cases we report the cutaneous manifestations resolved within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours. The differential diagnosis should include other infections such as rubella, parvovirus, measles, dengue and chikungunya viruses, leptospirosis, and rickettsiosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Zika virus infection can be distinguished from dengue and chikungunya infections by certain clinical signs. Chikungunya virus causes characteristic polyarthralgia and joint pain and inflammation that can persist for months. Auricular chondritis, a highly characteristic symptom, is sometimes present. Dengue virus infections can be distinguished by the presence of intense myalgia and a purpuric rash predominantly affecting the lower limbs and dependent areas. Zika virus infection usually causes low-grade fever and few systemic manifestations. A definitive diagnosis is established by PCR detection of viral RNA in biological fluids during the acute phase of infection (in blood for the first 5 days and in urine during 10 to 15 days) and by the detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunofluorescent antibody assay during the convalescent phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Given the possibility of cross-reactions with other flaviviruses, the results of these assays should be confirmed by virus neutralization testing. Furthermore, in patients who come from areas where other flaviviruses coexist with the Zika virus, serum neutralization assays are required for a specific diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the current lack of any specific treatment or prophylaxis for Zika virus infection, symptomatic treatment and vigilance to detect complications are necessary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, early clinical suspicion of Zika virus infection can help minimize possible autochthonous transmission and optimize disease management. Zika virus infection should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis in any case of nonspecific febrile rash and a compatible epidemiological history.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Data confidentiality</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they followed their hospital's regulations regarding the publication of patient information.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained the informed consent of the patients referred to in this article. The signed forms are in the possession of the corresponding author.</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1011124" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970516" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1011123" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970517" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case Descriptions" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Case 1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Case 2" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Case 3" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Data confidentiality" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack341082" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970516" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Zika virus" 1 => "Skin" 2 => "Dermatosis" 3 => "Imported diseases" 4 => "Rash" 5 => "Travelers" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970517" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Virus Zika" 1 => "Piel" 2 => "Dermatosis" 3 => "Enfermedades importadas" 4 => "Exantema" 5 => "Viajeros" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Zika virus infection should be suspected in travelers or immigrants with the signs or symptoms of a viral infection (rash, fever, joint pains, conjunctivitis, headache, etc.) and a compatible epidemiological history. Although cutaneous manifestations are among the most common clinical signs of Zika, they are not specific and very few images are available. We present 3 patients (2 travelers and 1 immigrant) in whom a rash was the presenting manifestation of Zika virus infection. Prompt diagnosis optimizes outcomes in these patients, improves the management of severe disease, and minimizes the risk of local transmission by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes albopictus</span>, now a potential local vector for the virus due to its presence in areas along Spain's Mediterranean coast.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La infección por el virus Zika debe sospecharse en viajeros o inmigrantes con clínica de viriasis (exantema, fiebre, artralgias, artritis, conjuntivitis, cefalea, etc.) y una historia epidemiológica compatible. Aunque las manifestaciones cutáneas se encuentran entre las más frecuentes no son específicas y su iconografía es escasa. Presentamos 3 casos, 2 viajeros y un inmigrante que comienzan con un exantema por virus Zika. Alcanzar el diagnóstico de forma rápida optimiza el manejo de estos pacientes, mejora el control de los casos graves y permite minimizar una posible transmisión autóctona dado el riesgo que supone la presencia del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes albopictus</span> como potencial vector transmisor de esta enfermedad en el litoral mediterráneo español.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Cosano-Quero A, Velasco-Tirado V, Seco MPS, Manzanedo-Bueno L, Belhassen-García M. Virus Zika: manifestaciones cutáneas en 3 pacientes. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109:e13–e16.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1392 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 190736 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Confluent erythematous papules on the forehead, the dorsum of the nose, and both cheeks 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours after initial appearance.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1089 "Ancho" => 2833 "Tamanyo" => 324814 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Papular erythematous rash on the chest. B, Papular erythematous rash on the back.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2233 "Ancho" => 1417 "Tamanyo" => 288092 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Detail of the papular erythematous lesions on the extensor surface of both thighs.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1123 "Ancho" => 1499 "Tamanyo" => 177657 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conjunctival hyperemia.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edema and erythema of the malar region of the face</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pruritic maculopapular rash with a follicular distribution</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trunk and limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Face \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Palms and soles \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rash morphology</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Morbilliform \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Scarlatiniform \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conjunctival injection</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Submandibular and cervical lymphadenitis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mild hemorrhagic manifestations</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gingival bleeding \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Petechiae and hyperemia on the hard palate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-rash dry skin and scaling</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1712392.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous Manifestations of Zika Virus Infection.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessing the global threat from Zika virus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. 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2022 March | 165 | 70 | 235 |
2022 February | 96 | 41 | 137 |
2022 January | 123 | 59 | 182 |
2021 December | 84 | 53 | 137 |
2021 November | 102 | 51 | 153 |
2021 October | 102 | 89 | 191 |
2021 September | 104 | 47 | 151 |
2021 August | 117 | 50 | 167 |
2021 July | 98 | 35 | 133 |
2021 June | 69 | 46 | 115 |
2021 May | 55 | 57 | 112 |
2021 April | 131 | 101 | 232 |
2021 March | 125 | 48 | 173 |
2021 February | 80 | 47 | 127 |
2021 January | 71 | 44 | 115 |
2020 December | 71 | 44 | 115 |
2020 November | 145 | 41 | 186 |
2020 October | 95 | 26 | 121 |
2020 September | 53 | 33 | 86 |
2020 August | 41 | 25 | 66 |
2020 July | 32 | 24 | 56 |
2020 June | 27 | 32 | 59 |
2020 May | 39 | 16 | 55 |
2020 April | 28 | 20 | 48 |
2020 March | 22 | 15 | 37 |
2020 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2020 January | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 December | 8 | 0 | 8 |
2019 November | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 September | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 August | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 July | 8 | 0 | 8 |
2019 June | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 May | 6 | 0 | 6 |
2019 April | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2019 February | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2018 November | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2018 October | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2018 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2018 April | 1 | 1 | 2 |