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Nicotinamide: New Indications in Dermatology
FR - Nuevas indicaciones de nicotinamida en dermatología
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Escudero-Góngora, P. Fernández-Peñas" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M.M." "apellidos" => "Escudero-Góngora" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mmarescudero88@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Peñas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Westmead Hospital, Universidad de Sydney, Sydney, Australia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "FR - Nuevas indicaciones de nicotinamida en dermatología" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A group of Australian researchers recently reported the results of a phase III clinical trial on oral nicotinamide for prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">New England Journal of Medicine</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The authors stated that the drug acts by favoring repair of cellular DNA, since it prevents depletion of cellular adenosine triphosphate, and by diminishing the immunosuppression induced by UV radiation. The administration of nicotinamide 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg twice daily led to a statistically significant reduction (23%, 95%CI, 4%-38%) in the number of cases of NMSC (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and of actinic keratosis in patients with a history of ≥2 NMSCs in the previous 5 years. This reduction is more evident in patients with greater sun damage and who had previously presented a greater number of NMSCs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The effect disappeared 6 months after stopping nicotinamide.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nicotinamide—an amide of niacin, or vitamin B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>—is an essential water-soluble vitamin, which is not synthesized in the body; therefore, it must be included in the diet.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It forms part of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which are involved in various chemical reactions, including the production of energy in all types of cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Furthermore, since it intervenes in the regulation of polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase 1, an enzyme involved in DNA repair and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, and IL-8), it exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–4</span></a> Some studies have shown that topical administration has an antiaging effect, reduces transepidermal water loss, strengthens the skin barrier, enhances biosynthesis of ceramide and other lipids, and prevents the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vitamin B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> deficiency leads to pellagra, which is characterized by the triad comprising diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In dermatology, nicotinamide has been used both topically and orally for the treatment of acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, and skin aging, although most data on efficacy are from single cases or small series.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The study by Chen et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> on the other hand, is a pioneering randomized trial in the field of skin cancer.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nicotinamide has a good safety profile. The excess is metabolized in the liver, and its degradation products are eliminated via the kidneys. When administered at doses of 1 to 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g per day, nicotinamide does not cause significant adverse effects, although a case of acute liver damage with 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g/d was reported in the literature; the effect resolved when the drug was stopped.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, nicotinamide is a readily available vitamin supplement that is safe and could prove useful in the prevention of NMSC, especially in patients with a history of multiple NMSCs.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec753750" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Nicotinamide" 1 => "Skin cancer" 2 => "Skin disease" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Escudero-Góngora M, Fernández-Peñas P. FR - Nuevas indicaciones de nicotinamida en dermatología. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107:777–778.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A phase 3 randomized trial of nicotinamide for skin-cancer chemoprevention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.C. Chen" 1 => "A.J. Martin" 2 => "B. Choy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1506197" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "373" "paginaInicial" => "1618" "paginaFinal" => "1626" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26488693" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nicotinamide in dermatology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.R. Namazi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03519.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "1229" "paginaFinal" => "1231" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18173513" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nicotinamide and the skin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.C. Chen" 1 => "D.L. Damian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/ajd.12163" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Australas J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "169" "paginaFinal" => "175" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24635573" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109796005839" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nicotinamide in dermatology and photoprotection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D. Surjana" 1 => "D.L. Damian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Skinmed" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "360" "paginaFinal" => "365" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256624" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A review of nicotinamide: Treatment of skin diseases and potential side effects" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H.M. Rolfe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/jocd.12119" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cosmet Dermatol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "324" "paginaFinal" => "328" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25399625" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack249667" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We are grateful to Dr. Andrew Chen for his collaboration.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000010700000009/v1_201611010039/S1578219016302190/v1_201611010039/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "34945" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resident's Forum" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010700000009/v1_201611010039/S1578219016302190/v1_201611010039/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219016302190?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
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