ORIGINAL
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Urticaria Control Test From German to Castilian Spanish
Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario Urticaria Control Test del alemán al castellano
Read
7206
Timeswas read the article
2593
Total PDF
4613
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S1578219015002425" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.09.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01" "aid" => "1205" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "copyrightAnyo" => "2015" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:746-52" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1028 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 55 "HTML" => 720 "PDF" => 253 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0001731015002744" "issn" => "00017310" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2015.05.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01" "aid" => "1205" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:746-52" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1046 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 3 "HTML" => 334 "PDF" => 709 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>" "titulo" => "Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> del alemán al castellano" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "746" "paginaFinal" => "752" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Urticaria Control Test From German to Castilian Spanish" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2660 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 1010919 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Versiones larga y corta definitivas del cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> en castellano.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "I. García-Díez, L. Curto-Barredo, K. Weller, R.M. Pujol, M. Maurer, A.M. Giménez-Arnau" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "García-Díez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Curto-Barredo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Weller" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R.M." "apellidos" => "Pujol" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Maurer" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "Giménez-Arnau" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1578219015002425" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.09.007" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002425?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731015002744?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000010600000009/v1_201511040159/S0001731015002744/v1_201511040159/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219015002541" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.09.019" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01" "aid" => "1175" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:e45-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1756 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 53 "HTML" => 929 "PDF" => 774 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">e- Case Report</span>" "titulo" => "Dermoscopic Findings in Trichoblastoma" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e45" "paginaFinal" => "e48" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatoscopia del tricoblastoma" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 634 "Ancho" => 976 "Tamanyo" => 62706 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopy findings for case 2. Poorly branching crown vessels with white striae and milia pseudocysts.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "G. Pitarch, R. Botella-Estrada" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Pitarch" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Botella-Estrada" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731015002057" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2015.01.017" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731015002057?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002541?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010600000009/v1_201511040157/S1578219015002541/v1_201511040157/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219015002383" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.09.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01" "aid" => "1206" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:740-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 836 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 44 "HTML" => 441 "PDF" => 351 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Warning Sign for HIV Infection" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "740" "paginaFinal" => "745" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Sífilis en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres: una alarma para la detección de infección por VIH" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Gállego-Lezáun, M. Arrizabalaga Asenjo, J. González-Moreno, I. Ferullo, A. Teslev, V. Fernández-Vaca, A. Payeras Cifre" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Gállego-Lezáun" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Arrizabalaga Asenjo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "González-Moreno" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Ferullo" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Teslev" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vaca" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Payeras Cifre" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731015002756" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2015.05.010" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731015002756?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002383?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010600000009/v1_201511040157/S1578219015002383/v1_201511040157/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>" "titulo" => "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Urticaria Control Test From German to Castilian Spanish" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "746" "paginaFinal" => "752" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "I. García-Díez, L. Curto-Barredo, K. Weller, R.M. Pujol, M. Maurer, A.M. Giménez-Arnau" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "García-Díez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "irenegds7@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Curto-Barredo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Weller" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R.M." "apellidos" => "Pujol" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Maurer" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "Giménez-Arnau" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología y Alergia, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlín, Germany" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> del alemán al castellano" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1944 "Ancho" => 2452 "Tamanyo" => 418893 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart of work required for the cross-cultural adaptation of the Urticaria Control Test (UCT) to Castillian Spanish for use in Spain.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Urticaria is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of wheals and/or angioedema. Wheals are defined as papules or plaques that are erythematous, edematous, intensely pruritic, and evanescent—lasting less than 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours and disappearing without leaving residual signs. Angioedema, on the other hand, is characterized by intense swelling secondary to edema in the deep dermis and subcutaneous cellular tissues; these lesions are more painful and may be found alone or concurrent with wheals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> An estimated 1 in 5 individuals will experience at least one episode of urticaria in the course of a lifetime.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> When urticarial lesions last more than 6 weeks the condition is classified as chronic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> The prevalence of chronic urticaria in the general population is 0.5% to 1%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> and its impact on quality of life (QOL) is considerable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3,5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) is the main tool currently used to assess activity and intensity; in fact, the UAS is practically the only tool at our disposal. It consists of a questionnaire that collects the patient's record of symptoms (pruritus and wheals) prospectively on consecutive days.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6</span></a> Designed for patients with spontaneous chronic urticaria, this questionnaire is difficult to use with patients with angioedema or inducible urticaria. It was also not designed to assess disease control over time.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Urticaria Control Test (UCT) was designed by Weller et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> to evaluate the control of the various types of urticaria retrospectively. Short and long versions are available. The short UCT is used in routine clinical practice to calculate a score that reflects the degree of disease control in follow-up. The long UCT gathers clinical information relevant to the impact of urticaria on various aspects of a patient's life. The UCT was developed and validated first in German; later a cross-cultural adaptation to American English was prepared.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to culturally adapt the long and short forms of the UCT to Castilian Spanish so that we could then validate this instrument for use in Spain.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The short form of the UCT occupies a single sheet and has 4 items answered on 5-option scales scored from 0 to 4 points. The minimum and maximum scores, therefore, are 0 and 16. A score of 16 indicates complete control of the disease.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The long form of the UCT also occupies a single sheet but has 8 items, also answered on 5-option scales. Since the 4 items on the short form are also included in the long one, a patient's UCT score can be calculated with either instrument.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We followed published procedures<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8–11</span></a> for cross-culturally adapting the UCT to Castilian Spanish, paying particular attention to the recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The method was a process of forward and back translation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). A professional translator produced a first draft of the Spanish version using the original German questionnaire as the source text. It was then reviewed and the concepts were discussed by the group of Spanish investigators. Patients also read this version and underwent cognitive debriefing. The revised Spanish text was then translated back to German and reviewed by the original developers of the tool.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 4 versions of each tool (short and long forms) underwent this process. The fourth Spanish version of each was considered definitive.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cognitive debriefing interviews of patients were held in order to ascertain how they understood the items and to adapt the wording to colloquial language. The patients recruited were diagnosed with chronic urticaria and were being followed by our hospital's specialist unit for treating this disease. This patient sample consisted of 10 individuals of both sexes and varying ages and levels of education (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The objectives of the study and nature of the questionnaire were explained to them in detail before the interviews started and they gave their signed, informed consent to participation.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The interviews were carried out by a single independent person who asked probing questions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11–13</span></a> about each patient's perceptions. According to the debriefing protocol, participants first read the instructions and then read and responded to each of the items one by one. During the process they were asked to try to explain the meaning of each item and each answer in their own words and to identify words or phrases that were difficult to understand or that they found confusing. Finally, they were asked if they would change the wording of any of the items in order to make them easier to understand. The patients’ body language and comments that might suggest difficulty (with reading or understanding the test's format) were also noted during the interview. Next, the participants were asked if they would make any improvements in the questionnaire. The interviewer took detailed, literal notes on all these aspects for later evaluation. Each interview took 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>to 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes on average.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The version that was then translated back to German by a professional translator was the second draft, obtained after the cognitive debriefing sessions. After the original authors reviewed that translation, a third Spanish version was prepared on the basis of their comments and suggestions. The third version was again back translated and reviewed with the German authors of the tool. At that point, minimal changes were made to produce the fourth (definitive) versions of both the short and long forms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two of the 4 items in the short version and 5 of the 8 in the long version required no changes. The instructions for both versions, the response choices, and the overall format of the questionnaires also required no modifications. Changes were required in 3 items in total: 2 that were present in both the short and long versions plus 1 that appeared only in the long version.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A single word was changed in question 3 of the short version (S3) and in equivalent question L7 in the long version. Similarly, a single word was changed in question L6 of the long version (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). The problematic word had been translated too literally from German to Spanish, such that the semantic scope of the Spanish term was not equivalent to the German original, leading to misunderstanding.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast, item 4 of the short form (S4), and the equivalent item L8 of the long form required more extensive modification of the sentence. The reason was that the expression used in the original translation was vague, making it difficult for nearly all the patients to understand. A more direct, specific sentence was therefore drafted.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the items were back translated to German, the original authors considered that the sense of questions S3 and L6 were accurate. However, they noted that on shifting item S4 (and L8) toward greater specificity, the overall meaning of the original item had been lost. Therefore, this item was changed again and a back translation was sent to the German authors. Following discussion by all parties involved, the Spanish wording was changed slightly and the new version was considered the definitive one (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The various tools and scoring systems for evaluating urticaria currently available include the UAS, the Chronic Urticaria QOL questionnaire (CU-Q2OL), the Urticaria Severity Score, the Angioedema Activity Score, the Angioedema QOL questionnaire, and the UCT.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The UAS is reliable for determining urticaria activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6</span></a> The patient keeps a daily record of the number of wheals and the intensity of pruritus on a simple scoring system over a 7-day period, providing a clear picture of disease activity. This instrument is the one most often chosen for use in routine clinical practice. Validated and easy to answer, it is used in different research centers thus, unified scores can be compared.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6</span></a> However, this system has certain limitations: since information is gathered prospectively it is not useful for a baseline urticaria evaluation, it does not assess angioedema or induced urticaria, and it relies on patient compliance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CU-Q2OL is designed to evaluate QOL in patients with spontaneous chronic urticaria.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> It is also useful for monitoring the impact of treatment in these patients because it detects changes in the severity of symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,14</span></a> It includes 23 items in 6 dimensions. Although this tool is not particularly difficult for the patient to complete, doing so is laborious; as it takes about 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes on average, it is difficult to use in routine clinical practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,14</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The validated Urticaria Severity Score was created specifically to evaluate and follow patients with chronic urticaria. It combines assessments of symptom severity, impact on QOL, and the type and amount of medication required to control symptoms. The tool has 12 questions, each with 7 or 8 possible answers to choose from. An advantage of the Urticaria Severity Score over the UAS or the CU-Q2OL is that the amount of medication required and symptom severity are scored simultaneously.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> On the other hand, the number of questions and possible answers the patient must evaluate are not negligible and this property may be problematic for the patient.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Angioedema Activity Score was the first validated, reliable way to evaluate recurring angioedema. It collects information prospectively and contains 5 items scored from 0 to 3. The maximum daily score of 15 indicates the highest level of disease activity. This tool is used to evaluate symptoms over periods of 7 days, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. It is easy to use, usually taking less than a minute to complete.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Angioedema QOL questionnaire was the first validated instrument to measure the impact of recurring angioedema on daily living. There are 17 questions, each with 5 possible answers. This tool is simple and takes less than 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes to complete. Its main limitation is that it was validated in a relatively small patient sample at highly specialized clinics, possibly limiting its use to populations with the same characteristics as the validation sample.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until now, the CU-Q2OL was the only instrument for which an adapted translation to Castilian Spanish has been prepared and validated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, the UCT has been available for only a short time. This new questionnaire was specifically designed to be a simple tool for evaluating chronic urticaria to aid therapeutic decision-making, to make up for the deficiencies in the UAS. It collects retrospective information about the patient's view of urticaria control over the last 4 weeks. With only 4 items, each with 5 possible responses, it is easy to complete.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> These properties make the UCT useful for evaluating control of disease in clinical practice and potential clinical trials.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An advantage of the easy-to-use UCT over the UAS is that it can be applied to both spontaneous chronic urticaria and induced urticaria; moreover, it includes angioedema among the symptoms named.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When more information is needed, the long version of the UCT gathers responses about how the disease affects the patient with regard to work, school, free time, sports, sleep, and personal appearance. The UCT also asks about physical stimuli the patient must avoid to prevent symptoms from worsening.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study makes Castilian Spanish translations of the UCT available. A rigorous, systematic translation process was followed in the interest of ensuring that the measurement properties of the Spanish and German questionnaires will be equivalent. In Spain and in the rest of Europe, the processes of cognitive debriefing and forward and back translation have been used often to adapt instruments for use in clinical practice and both clinical and epidemiologic research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8–13</span></a> The next step is to study the Spanish version's sensitivity, specificity, validity, and reliability in patients in clinical practice settings.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,19–21</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, we stress that the UCT is the first validated tool available at present for reliably measuring the control of chronic urticaria, whether spontaneous or induced, in a simple manner. We think that the Spanish translation of the UCT will help physicians with routine clinical management of this disease.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that the procedures followed adhered to the ethical guidelines of the responsible committee on human experimentation and comply with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Data confidentiality</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they followed their hospitals’ regulations regarding the publication of patient information and that written informed consent for voluntary participation was obtained for all patients.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and/or subjects referred to in this article. The signed forms are in the possession of the corresponding author.</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres576321" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec592975" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres576322" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec592976" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Data confidentiality" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-04-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-05-25" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec592975" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Urticaria" 1 => "Cognitive debriefing" 2 => "Cross-cultural adaptation" 3 => "Urticaria Control Test" 4 => "Questionnaires" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec592976" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Urticaria" 1 => "Entrevistas cognitivas" 2 => "Adaptación transcultural" 3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span>" 4 => "Cuestionarios" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The clinical concept of urticaria embraces a heterogeneous group of conditions classified according to their clinical course as acute (lasting less than 6 weeks) or chronic (lasting 6 weeks or more). Chronic urticaria may be either spontaneous or induced. Few tools are available for monitoring the various clinical forms of this disease or for evaluating its impact on quality of life. The recently developed Urticaria Control Test to evaluate disease control is available in German, the original language, and American English.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To culturally adapt the long and short versions of the Urticaria Control Test to Castilian Spanish to ensure equivalence between the translated items and those of the original version.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To translate the Urticaria Control Test we followed the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research good practice guidelines, starting with forward translation and moving through back translation and cognitive debriefing steps.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Three items were modified when the first Spanish version, translated from German, was discussed (cognitive debriefing). The revised translation was then translated back to German and sent to the Urticaria Control Test authors, who modified one item they considered had acquired a different focus through translation. A third Spanish version was then prepared and after minor proofreading changes was considered definitive.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study was the first step in making it possible to use the Urticaria Control Test questionnaire in Castilian Spanish. The next step will be to validate the translated questionnaire.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introducción</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bajo el concepto de urticaria se incluye un grupo heterogéneo de entidades clasificadas según su evolución en urticaria aguda (duración inferior a 6 semanas) y urticaria crónica (duración igual o superior a 6 semanas). Las formas crónicas incluyen la urticaria crónica espontánea y las urticarias inducibles. Disponemos de un número limitado de herramientas para la monitorización de las distintas formas clínicas de urticaria y para la valoración de su impacto en la calidad de vida. Recientemente se ha creado el cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> como herramienta para valorar el control de la urticaria, disponible tanto en alemán, el idioma original, como en inglés americano.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Realizar la adaptación transcultural al castellano de las versiones larga y corta del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> garantizando su equivalencia con la versión original.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Metodología de traducción directa, traducción inversa y entrevistas cognitivas siguiendo los principios de buena práctica de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research</span>.</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La primera versión del cuestionario en español, obtenida por traducción directa de la versión original, fue sometida a entrevistas cognitivas, realizándose modificaciones en 3 preguntas. Al valorar los autores originales la nueva versión obtenida por retrotraducción, se modificó únicamente una pregunta, ya que consideraron que con el cambio había perdido el enfoque global de la cuestión original. Se realizó una tercera versión, que fue sometida a mínimas modificaciones, obteniéndose la versión definitiva.</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo facilita la utilización en castellano del cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> en un paso previo a su validación.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: García-Díez I, Curto-Barredo L, Weller K, Pujol RM, Maurer M, Giménez-Arnau AM. Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urticaria Control Test</span> del alemán al castellano. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:746–752.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1944 "Ancho" => 2452 "Tamanyo" => 418893 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart of work required for the cross-cultural adaptation of the Urticaria Control Test (UCT) to Castillian Spanish for use in Spain.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2660 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 995494 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Definitive long and short versions of the Castilian Spanish version of the Urticaria Control Test.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2271 "Ancho" => 3125 "Tamanyo" => 586232 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes made in the Spanish translations of the German questions S3 and L6 in the short and long forms, respectively, of the Urticaria Control Test.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1750 "Ancho" => 2632 "Tamanyo" => 326822 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes made in item S4 of the short form of the Urticaria Control Test and in equivalent item L8 of the long form.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of Urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age, y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Symptomatic Dermographism \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spontaneous chronic urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cold urticaria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab940640.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients Who Agreed to Cognitive Debriefing for the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Urticaria Control Test.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:21 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The EAACI/GA(2) LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria: The 2013 revision and update" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Zuberbier" 1 => "W. Aberer" 2 => "R. Asero" 3 => "C. Bindslev-Jensen" 4 => "Z. Brzoza" 5 => "G.W. Canonica" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/all.12313" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "868" "paginaFinal" => "887" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24785199" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Actualización en el tratamiento de la urticaria crónica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Curto-Barredo" 1 => "J.F. Silvestre" 2 => "A.M. Giménez-Arnau" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2012.12.019" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "469" "paginaFinal" => "482" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23664252" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>LEN task force report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Maurer" 1 => "K. Weller" 2 => "C. Bindsley-Jensen" 3 => "A.M. Giménez-Arnau" 4 => "P.J. Bousquet" 5 => "J. Bousquet" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02496.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "66" "paginaInicial" => "317" "paginaFinal" => "330" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21083565" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of urticaria in Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Gaig" 1 => "M. Olona" 2 => "D. Muñoz-Lejarazu" 3 => "M.T. Caballero" 4 => "F.J. Domínguez" 5 => "S. Echechipia" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol." "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "214" "paginaFinal" => "220" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15552715" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urticaria and quality of life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.J. Grob" 1 => "C. Gaudy-Marqueste" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1385/CRIAI:30:1:047" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rev Allergy Immunol." "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "47" "paginaFinal" => "51" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16461995" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "How to assess disease activity in patients with chronic urticaria?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Mlynek" 1 => "A. Zalewska-Janowska" 2 => "P. Martus" 3 => "P. Staubach" 4 => "T. Zuberbier" 5 => "M. Maurer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01726.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "777" "paginaFinal" => "7780" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18445192" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development and validation of the Urticaria Control Test: A patient-reported outcome instrument for assessing urticaria control" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Weller" 1 => "A. Groffik" 2 => "M.K. Church" 3 => "T. Hawro" 4 => "K. Krause" 5 => "M. Metz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1076" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "133" "paginaInicial" => "1365" "paginaFinal" => "1372" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24522090" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A comprehensive method for the translation and cross-cultural validation of health status questionnaires" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.L. Eremenco" 1 => "D. Cella" 2 => "B.J. Arnold" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/0163278705275342" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eval Health Prof." "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "212" "paginaFinal" => "232" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15851774" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0873215913001608" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "08732159" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation" "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Wild" 1 => "A. Grove" 2 => "M. Martin" 3 => "S. Eremenco" 4 => "S. McElroy" 5 => "A. Verjee-Lorenz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Value Health." "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "94" "paginaFinal" => "104" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15804318" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Differential item functioning in the Danish translation of the SF-36" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.B. Bjorner" 1 => "S. Kreiner" 2 => "J.E. Ware" 3 => "M.T. Damsgaard" 4 => "P. Bech" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol." "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "1189" "paginaFinal" => "1202" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817137" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Principles and methodology for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) to Spanish and Catalan" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Sala-Sastre" 1 => "M. Herdman" 2 => "L. Navarro" 3 => "M. de la Prada" 4 => "R.M. Pujol" 5 => "C. Serra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01576.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Contact Dermatitis." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "116" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19706051" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Conrad F, Blair J, Tracy E. Verbal reports are data! A theoretical approach to cognitive interviews. Proceedings of the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference. 1999. [cited 2015 Feb 14]. Available from: http://www.bls.gov/ore/pdf/st990240.pdf" ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatosis profesionales. Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) del inglés al castellano y al catalán" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Sala-Sastre" 1 => "M. Herdman" 2 => "L. Navarro" 3 => "M. de la Prada" 4 => "R. Pujol" 5 => "C. Serra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "685" "paginaFinal" => "692" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19775546" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new tool to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life: Chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-QoL)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I. Baiardini" 1 => "M. Pasquali" 2 => "F. Braido" 3 => "F. Fumagalli" 4 => "L. Guerra" 5 => "E. Compalati" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00833.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "1073" "paginaFinal" => "1078" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15969690" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Urticaria Severity Score: A sensitive questionnaire/index for monitoring response to therapy in patients with chronic urticaria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.P. Jariwala" 1 => "H. Moday" 2 => "M.L. de Asis" 3 => "J. Fodeman" 4 => "G. Hudes" 5 => "G. de Vos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60120-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "102" "paginaInicial" => "475" "paginaFinal" => "482" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19558005" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development, validation, and initial results of the Angioedema Activity Score" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Weller" 1 => "A. Groffik" 2 => "M. Magerl" 3 => "N. Tohme" 4 => "P. Martus" 5 => "K. Krause" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/all.12209" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "1185" "paginaFinal" => "1192" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919330" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development and construct validation of the angioedema quality of life questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Weller" 1 => "A. Groffik" 2 => "M. Magerl" 3 => "N. Tohme" 4 => "P. Martus" 5 => "K. Krause" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/all.12007" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "1289" "paginaFinal" => "1298" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22913638" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673608605942" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Valero" 1 => "M. Herdman" 2 => "J. Bartra" 3 => "M. Ferrer" 4 => "I. Jáuregui" 5 => "I. Dávila" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "426" "paginaFinal" => "432" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19123433" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: Attributes and review criteria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Qual Life Res." "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "193" "paginaFinal" => "205" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12074258" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Psychometric considerations in evaluating health-related quality of life measures" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.D. Hays" 1 => "R. Anderson" 2 => "D. Revicki" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Qual Life Res." "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "441" "paginaFinal" => "449" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8161978" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The German version of the Chronic Urticaria Quality-of-Life-Questionnaire: Factor analysis, validation, and initial clinical findings" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Mlynek" 1 => "M. Magerl" 2 => "M. Hanna" 3 => "S. Lhachimi" 4 => "I. Baiardini" 5 => "G.W. Canonica" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.15036/arerugi.64.927" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "64" "paginaInicial" => "927" "paginaFinal" => "936" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26464366" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000010600000009/v1_201511040157/S1578219015002425/v1_201511040157/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6155" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010600000009/v1_201511040157/S1578219015002425/v1_201511040157/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002425?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2024 October | 81 | 52 | 133 |
| 2024 September | 92 | 52 | 144 |
| 2024 August | 121 | 86 | 207 |
| 2024 July | 97 | 40 | 137 |
| 2024 June | 91 | 44 | 135 |
| 2024 May | 102 | 39 | 141 |
| 2024 April | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| 2024 March | 108 | 35 | 143 |
| 2024 February | 86 | 46 | 132 |
| 2024 January | 109 | 43 | 152 |
| 2023 December | 100 | 42 | 142 |
| 2023 November | 104 | 40 | 144 |
| 2023 October | 89 | 28 | 117 |
| 2023 September | 85 | 36 | 121 |
| 2023 August | 53 | 32 | 85 |
| 2023 July | 87 | 46 | 133 |
| 2023 June | 100 | 40 | 140 |
| 2023 May | 81 | 29 | 110 |
| 2023 April | 89 | 30 | 119 |
| 2023 March | 95 | 13 | 108 |
| 2023 February | 92 | 20 | 112 |
| 2023 January | 99 | 56 | 155 |
| 2022 December | 85 | 62 | 147 |
| 2022 November | 70 | 35 | 105 |
| 2022 October | 38 | 33 | 71 |
| 2022 September | 33 | 62 | 95 |
| 2022 August | 43 | 44 | 87 |
| 2022 July | 27 | 45 | 72 |
| 2022 June | 35 | 31 | 66 |
| 2022 May | 64 | 72 | 136 |
| 2022 April | 102 | 62 | 164 |
| 2022 March | 110 | 53 | 163 |
| 2022 February | 108 | 46 | 154 |
| 2022 January | 89 | 51 | 140 |
| 2021 December | 66 | 46 | 112 |
| 2021 November | 67 | 63 | 130 |
| 2021 October | 58 | 59 | 117 |
| 2021 September | 47 | 45 | 92 |
| 2021 August | 36 | 53 | 89 |
| 2021 July | 39 | 42 | 81 |
| 2021 June | 43 | 41 | 84 |
| 2021 May | 54 | 50 | 104 |
| 2021 April | 68 | 69 | 137 |
| 2021 March | 59 | 28 | 87 |
| 2021 February | 72 | 39 | 111 |
| 2021 January | 56 | 28 | 84 |
| 2020 December | 35 | 27 | 62 |
| 2020 November | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2020 October | 18 | 24 | 42 |
| 2020 September | 46 | 26 | 72 |
| 2020 August | 29 | 41 | 70 |
| 2020 July | 34 | 21 | 55 |
| 2020 June | 31 | 38 | 69 |
| 2020 May | 59 | 23 | 82 |
| 2020 April | 48 | 29 | 77 |
| 2020 March | 47 | 31 | 78 |
| 2020 February | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2020 January | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 December | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2019 November | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 September | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2019 August | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2019 July | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2019 June | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2019 May | 7 | 19 | 26 |
| 2019 April | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2019 March | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2019 February | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2019 January | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 December | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2018 November | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 October | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2018 September | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 February | 50 | 3 | 53 |
| 2018 January | 37 | 5 | 42 |
| 2017 December | 51 | 9 | 60 |
| 2017 November | 35 | 6 | 41 |
| 2017 October | 41 | 5 | 46 |
| 2017 September | 23 | 2 | 25 |
| 2017 August | 37 | 7 | 44 |
| 2017 July | 28 | 7 | 35 |
| 2017 June | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2017 May | 47 | 19 | 66 |
| 2017 April | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2017 March | 19 | 14 | 33 |
| 2017 February | 65 | 7 | 72 |
| 2017 January | 33 | 6 | 39 |
| 2016 December | 42 | 14 | 56 |
| 2016 November | 49 | 18 | 67 |
| 2016 October | 30 | 18 | 48 |
| 2016 June | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 November | 0 | 7 | 7 |
Show all
