Case and Research Letters
Pityriasis Lichenoides in a 9-Month-Old Boy
Pitiriasis Liquenoide en un Lactante De 9 Meses
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López-Villaescusa, Á. Hernández-Martín, I. Colmenero, A. Torrelo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.T." "apellidos" => "López-Villaescusa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Á." "apellidos" => "Hernández-Martín" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ahernandez_hnj@yahoo.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Colmenero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Torrelo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Pitiriasis Liquenoide en un Lactante De 9 Meses" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 694 "Ancho" => 1600 "Tamanyo" => 389884 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Deep perivascular lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate with involvement of the dermal-epidermal junction (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×10). B, Detail showing interface alteration, fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel walls, and isolated necrotic keratinocytes (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a skin disease of unknown origin that is characterized by scaling papules. It is relatively common in childhood but very rare in the first year of life, with just 9 cases described in the literature.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 9-month-old boy with no personal or family history of interest who was seen in our department for generalized skin lesions that had been present for a week. The patient was afebrile and had no other symptoms or known history of prior infection. Physical examination revealed papular scaling, erythematous-brownish lenticular lesions on the trunk and proximal extremities (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). There was no mucosal involvement and the physical examination was otherwise normal. Histology showed a deep, perivascular lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel walls and involvement of the dermal-epidermal junction. In the epidermis there was diffuse parakeratosis, focal exocytosis, isolated necrotic keratinocytes, and small foci of necrosis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Immunohistochemical staining with anti-S100 protein and CD1 antibodies was negative. Based on the clinical and histologic findings, we diagnosed PL and prescribed topical corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone aceponate), which resulted in slight improvement of the lesions. The condition improved spontaneously over the following months, leaving residual postinflammatory hypopigmented macules.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PL is an inflammatory disease of unknown origin. There have been some reports of T-cell clonality, suggesting that the condition is either the result of an immune response to an as yet unidentified infectious agent or a cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However, because progression to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is so rare in children, additional genetic factors would probably need to be present. There are 2 clinical variants of PL: pityriasis lichenoides chronica and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). However, acute and chronic lesions may coexist. Histologic findings may also vary according to the clinical variant, but they do not always correlate with clinical morphology. Prognosis is excellent, and while PL can last for months, or even years, progression to T-cell lymphoma is very rare.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PL can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in children, with incidence peaking at 2, 5, 10, and 12 years of age.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> It is very rare in the first year of life. In our review of the literature, we found only 9 cases of onset before the age of 12 months. These included 1 congenital case,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> 3 cases with onset at 8 months of age,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–7</span></a> and 1 case with onset at 11 months of age.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> We also found mention of an additional 4 cases in children aged under 1 year in a retrospective study of 124 children with PL.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In the 9 cases described in the literature, all the patients (8 boys and 1 girl) were otherwise healthy. There was just 1 case with a history of previous infection, in which pneumococci and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenza</span> were isolated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Six of the patients had lesions clinically consistent with PLEVA, with ulceronecrotic lesions that resolved with topical corticosteroid therapy in a maximum of 2 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,7,8</span></a> The remaining 3 patients had lesions that were clinically and histologically consistent with PL chronica.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> The disease followed an indolent course in 2 patients, 1 of whom developed an indurated plaque in the right iliac fossa after a year and a half. The plaque was initially compatible with lymphomatoid papulosis but 2 years later, it was histologically diagnosed as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The second patient developed parapsoriasis at 10 years of follow-up.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the scarcity of cases in the literature, no clear conclusions can be drawn, but based on our review, PL would appear to be very rare in children under 12 months of age, with just 10 cases, including ours, reported to date. Within this age group, PL is more common in boys and tends to occur in an acute form and to resolve spontaneously without complications. Nevertheless, given the possible association with lymphoproliferative disorders, long-term monitoring is recommended.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: López-Villaescusa MT, Hernández-Martín Á, Colmenero I, Torrelo A. Pitiriasis liquenoide en un lactante de 9 meses. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:829–830.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1115 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 174670 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythematous, scaling papules on the trunk and proximal extremities.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 694 "Ancho" => 1600 "Tamanyo" => 389884 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Deep perivascular lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate with involvement of the dermal-epidermal junction (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×10). B, Detail showing interface alteration, fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel walls, and isolated necrotic keratinocytes (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "T-Cell clonality in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a heteroduplex analysis of 20 cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Dereure" 1 => "E. Levi" 2 => "M.E. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2024 October | 77 | 50 | 127 |
| 2024 September | 79 | 23 | 102 |
| 2024 August | 109 | 43 | 152 |
| 2024 July | 94 | 38 | 132 |
| 2024 June | 100 | 48 | 148 |
| 2024 May | 101 | 25 | 126 |
| 2024 April | 73 | 19 | 92 |
| 2024 March | 91 | 28 | 119 |
| 2024 February | 74 | 32 | 106 |
| 2024 January | 55 | 28 | 83 |
| 2023 December | 68 | 21 | 89 |
| 2023 November | 67 | 31 | 98 |
| 2023 October | 83 | 20 | 103 |
| 2023 September | 87 | 30 | 117 |
| 2023 August | 57 | 19 | 76 |
| 2023 July | 74 | 32 | 106 |
| 2023 June | 75 | 26 | 101 |
| 2023 May | 109 | 24 | 133 |
| 2023 April | 86 | 36 | 122 |
| 2023 March | 97 | 32 | 129 |
| 2023 February | 63 | 25 | 88 |
| 2023 January | 60 | 27 | 87 |
| 2022 December | 69 | 41 | 110 |
| 2022 November | 54 | 42 | 96 |
| 2022 October | 44 | 29 | 73 |
| 2022 September | 45 | 42 | 87 |
| 2022 August | 33 | 36 | 69 |
| 2022 July | 34 | 41 | 75 |
| 2022 June | 38 | 50 | 88 |
| 2022 May | 49 | 39 | 88 |
| 2022 April | 50 | 49 | 99 |
| 2022 March | 71 | 51 | 122 |
| 2022 February | 62 | 36 | 98 |
| 2022 January | 65 | 44 | 109 |
| 2021 December | 43 | 34 | 77 |
| 2021 November | 58 | 53 | 111 |
| 2021 October | 50 | 50 | 100 |
| 2021 September | 36 | 50 | 86 |
| 2021 August | 59 | 35 | 94 |
| 2021 July | 38 | 26 | 64 |
| 2021 June | 45 | 28 | 73 |
| 2021 May | 34 | 30 | 64 |
| 2021 April | 79 | 40 | 119 |
| 2021 March | 43 | 24 | 67 |
| 2021 February | 39 | 27 | 66 |
| 2021 January | 28 | 19 | 47 |
| 2020 December | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2020 November | 43 | 18 | 61 |
| 2020 October | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2020 September | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2020 August | 37 | 26 | 63 |
| 2020 July | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2020 June | 34 | 25 | 59 |
| 2020 May | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2020 April | 29 | 25 | 54 |
| 2020 March | 35 | 15 | 50 |
| 2020 February | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 December | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2019 August | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2019 June | 2 | 10 | 12 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2019 March | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2019 February | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2019 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 December | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2018 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 October | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 September | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2018 February | 39 | 1 | 40 |
| 2018 January | 45 | 7 | 52 |
| 2017 December | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2017 November | 44 | 3 | 47 |
| 2017 October | 28 | 3 | 31 |
| 2017 September | 40 | 6 | 46 |
| 2017 August | 53 | 3 | 56 |
| 2017 July | 31 | 5 | 36 |
| 2017 June | 51 | 5 | 56 |
| 2017 May | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| 2017 April | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2017 March | 37 | 14 | 51 |
| 2017 February | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2017 January | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2016 December | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2016 November | 50 | 12 | 62 |
| 2016 October | 71 | 9 | 80 |
| 2016 September | 133 | 11 | 144 |
| 2016 August | 75 | 6 | 81 |
| 2016 July | 34 | 8 | 42 |
| 2016 June | 8 | 14 | 22 |
| 2016 May | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2016 April | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2016 March | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2016 February | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2016 January | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2015 December | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2015 November | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2015 October | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2015 September | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2015 August | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2015 July | 40 | 5 | 45 |
| 2015 June | 37 | 9 | 46 |
| 2015 May | 50 | 9 | 59 |
| 2015 April | 25 | 15 | 40 |
| 2015 March | 19 | 26 | 45 |
| 2015 February | 33 | 2 | 35 |
| 2015 January | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2014 December | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2014 November | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2014 October | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2014 September | 31 | 2 | 33 |
| 2014 August | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2014 July | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2014 June | 44 | 2 | 46 |
| 2014 May | 31 | 5 | 36 |
| 2014 April | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2014 March | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2014 February | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2014 January | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2013 December | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2013 November | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| 2013 October | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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