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Infantile Hemangiomas Treated by Sequential Application of Pulsed Dye Laser and Nd:YAG Laser Radiation: A Retrospective Study
Hemangiomas infantiles tratados con aplicación secuencial de láser de colorante pulsado y Nd:YAG: estudio retrospectivo
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Paciente número 6 con hemangioma infantil en involución localizado en la región facial. B. Buena respuesta del componente vascular tras 2 sesiones de tratamiento.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Alcántara-González, P. Boixeda, M.T. Truchuelo-Díez, B. Pérez-García, L. Alonso-Castro, P. Jaén Olasolo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Alcántara-González" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Boixeda" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.T." "apellidos" => "Truchuelo-Díez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Pérez-García" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Castro" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." 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Hernández-Bel, B. Unamuno, J.L. Sánchez-Carazo, I. Febrer, V. Alegre" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Hernández-Bel" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Unamuno" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Carazo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Febrer" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Alegre" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731012002153" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2012.02.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731012002153?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219013001212?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010400000006/v2_202210010908/S1578219013001212/v2_202210010908/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S1578219013001194" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2012.11.018" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-07-01" "aid" => "788" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:497-503" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2564 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 59 "HTML" => 1961 "PDF" => 544 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Decreased Plasma Levels of Clusterin in Patients With Psoriasis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "497" "paginaFinal" => "503" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Disminución de los niveles plasmáticos de clusterina en pacientes con psoriasis" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2380 "Ancho" => 1628 "Tamanyo" => 197889 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Plasma levels of clusterin and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Results are expressed as means (SD). Levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as described in the Material and Methods section. A, Plasma clusterin levels. B, Plasma MIF levels. Between-group differences were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test Results were analyzed using GraphPad Prism, version 5.01. Pt indicates patients; MetSyn, metabolic syndrome; CAP, carotid atheromatous plaque.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. García-Rodríguez, S. Arias-Santiago, R. Perandrés-López, J. Orgaz-Molina, L. Castellote, A. Buendía-Eisman, J.C. Ruiz, R. Naranjo, P. Navarro, J. Sancho, M. Zubiaur" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "García-Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Arias-Santiago" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Perandrés-López" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Orgaz-Molina" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Castellote" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Buendía-Eisman" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Ruiz" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Naranjo" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Navarro" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Sancho" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Zubiaur" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731013000033" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2012.11.019" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731013000033?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219013001194?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010400000006/v2_202210010908/S1578219013001194/v2_202210010908/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Infantile Hemangiomas Treated by Sequential Application of Pulsed Dye Laser and Nd:YAG Laser Radiation: A Retrospective Study" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "504" "paginaFinal" => "511" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Alcántara-González, P. Boixeda, M.T. Truchuelo-Díez, B. Pérez-García, L. Alonso-Castro, P. Jaén Olasolo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Alcántara-González" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jalcantarag@hotmail.es" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Boixeda" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.T." "apellidos" => "Truchuelo-Díez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Pérez-García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Castro" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Jaén Olasolo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hemangiomas infantiles tratados con aplicación secuencial de láser de colorante pulsado y Nd:YAG: estudio retrospectivo" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2028 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 298611 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Patient number 4 with an involuting infantile hemangioma on the upper lip before treatment. B, Marked improvement without residual scarring, despite ulceration of the labial mucosa, after 1 treatment session.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor in children, and their incidence is higher in girls and premature infants.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> The tumors usually present as a single sporadic lesion, although multiple and familial forms are not uncommon. Infantile hemangiomas are vascular tumors, which are not usually present at birth but appear during the first weeks of life and grow rapidly over the following months (proliferative phase). The tumor then stabilizes and, after the child's first birthday, begins a slow, gradual regression that can last throughout childhood (involuting phase).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> Although it is possible for infantile hemangiomas to regress completely, residual lesions of various types—atrophic scars, redundant fibrofatty tissue, yellowish discoloration, and telangiectasias—persist in a significant number of patients (involuted phase).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fortunately, because of the benign course described above, most infantile hemangiomas (especially smaller ones and those located in non–cosmetically-sensitive areas) do not require treatment and can be managed by watchful waiting. The tumors should be monitored especially closely during the proliferative phase so that any complications that would necessitate active treatment—such as ulceration, pain, functional impairment, or the possibility of abnormal scarring and disfigurement—can be detected.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment of infantile hemangiomas varies depending on the phase of development, site, and characteristics of the lesion and whether or not visceral involvement or comorbidities are present. Of the treatments currently available, oral propranolol is the first-line option because of its proven efficacy and good safety profile.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6–9</span></a> Other systemic treatments such as corticosteroids, bleomycin,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and interferon alfa are also used occasionally. Topical medications such as corticosteroids, β-blockers,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a> platelet-derived growth factor, and imiquimod<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and various medical and surgical techniques such as sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, electrocautery, and conventional surgery have also been shown to be useful. Laser treatment also plays an important role.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, we present our experience with the treatment of hemangiomas in various phases of development using dual-wavelength sequential pulses from a pulsed dye laser (PDL) and a Nd:YAG laser (Cynergy Multiplex, Cynosure, Inc., Westford, MA, United States).</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Materials and Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Study Population</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a retrospective, descriptive, nonrandomized study of patients with infantile hemangiomas in different phases of development who were treated with dual-wavelength pulses from a PDL and a Nd:YAG laser in the laser department of Hospital Ramón y Cajal in Madrid, Spain, between May 2006 and July 2011. Patients with an incomplete clinical history or insufficient photographic documentation before or after the treatment were excluded.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Procedures</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We informed the patients in detail of the likely benefits, risks, and potential complications of the treatment and about the other therapeutic alternatives available. Written informed consent was obtained for all patients before the treatment was started.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 16 patients, a topical anesthetic cream containing lidocaine and prilocaine (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics [EMLA], AstraZeneca, Wedel, Germany) was applied under occlusion 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours before the start of each session in order to reduce the pain associated with the laser treatment.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The parameters for the sequential dual-wavelength pulses from a 595<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm PDL and a 1064<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm Nd:YAG laser were as follows: with a 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm spot size, a 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms pulse with a PDL at a fluence of 6-10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>J/cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, a 1 second delay, followed by a 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms pulse with a Nd:YAG laser at a fluence of 30-75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>J/cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>; or, with a 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm spot size, a 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms pulse with a PDL at a fluence of 6-10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>J/cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, a 1 second delay, followed by a 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms pulse with a Nd:YAG laser at a fluence of 50-90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>J/cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>. The spot size was chosen on the basis of lesion size. Patients attended treatment sessions approximately once every 6 months (more frequently if they had proliferative lesions and less frequently if they had residual lesions).</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A forced-air cooling device (Cryo 5, Zimmer MedizinSysteme GmbH, Neu-Ulm, Germany) set to its highest fan speed (6) was used throughout the treatment. In addition, ice was applied immediately after the treatment in patients with larger hemangiomas with a prominent deep component.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For posttreatment care, patients were instructed to apply a topical antibiotic cream (fusidic acid, Fucidine, LEO Pharma, Barcelona, Spain) once a day for approximately 1 week and, in order to prevent postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, to avoid exposure to sunlight and use sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 50 or higher for at least 2 months after each treatment session.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Assessment</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We used a visual scale based on photographs taken before the first treatment session and at least 2 months after the last session. Taking into account skin color and texture and lesion height, 4 dermatologists evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment on a scale of 10 to 0, where 10 was the original pretreatment lesion and 0 was completely normal skin. Each patient's improvement was calculated as the mean of those 4 scores.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also searched patient photographs and medical histories for evidence of transient adverse effects such as edema, infection, and ulceration, as well as longer-term effects such as pigmentary changes and abnormal scarring.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to studying the entire group of patients, we also studied various subgroups (patients with proliferative, involuting, and involuted lesions) independently.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were checked for normal distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. Normal distribution was not found for the evaluators’ individual scores or the mean scores for any of the variables. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were therefore used as descriptive statistics.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the difference between the initial and final values; statistical significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Agreement between observers was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-two patients (20 girls and 2 boys) with infantile hemangiomas, between the ages of 5 months and 13 years, were included in the study. At the time of treatment, the lesions were in different phases of development: proliferative in 2 patients, involuting in 9 patients, and involuted in 11 patients. Five patients had received no prior treatment; the others had received at least 1 of the following: propranolol (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8), systemic corticosteroids (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3), surgery (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4), and PDL (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9). None of the patients received concomitant treatment while undergoing PDL and Nd:YAG laser treatment. The data are presented by individual patient in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The number of laser treatment sessions per patient ranged from 1 to 5 (mean, 2.04 sessions).</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adverse effects were seen in 4 patients (18.18%): mild atrophy (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2), marked edema and ulceration in a hemangioma on the oral mucosa without subsequent residual scarring (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1), and hyperpigmentation (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1). Posttreatment transient purpura and mild edema, which occurred in most patients, were not considered adverse effects but rather expected responses to effective treatment. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> summarizes the complications and improvement observed in each patient.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the improvement achieved with treatment in the entire group of 22 patients and in the various subgroups (patients with proliferative, involuting, and involuted hemangiomas). Values are expressed as median and IQR.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment values for the entire group of patients was statistically significant (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001). The variation was also statistically significant (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001) in each of the 3 subgroups.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ICC among the 4 evaluators was 0.588 (95% CI, 0.385-0.773), indicating moderate, statistically significant agreement.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1-4</a> show patients before and after treatment.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of infantile hemangiomas should be tailored to each patient on the basis of factors such as site, functional impairment associated with the lesion, likely future cosmetic impact, phase of development of the hemangioma, and request for active treatment by the patient's family. Accordingly, many infantile hemangiomas do not require pharmacological treatment or surgery and can be managed by watchful waiting, but some eventually do require some sort of intervention. As mentioned above, it is important to consider the phase of development of the hemangioma because not all current treatments are effective in all phases.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, the treatment of proliferative infantile hemangiomas has been revolutionized by propranolol, which is now considered the drug of choice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6–9</span></a> Previously, systemic or intralesional corticosteroids were considered the first-line treatment and other drugs such as bleomycin and interferon alfa were used to treat severe, recalcitrant lesions. Today, these medications are used only in exceptional cases to treat infantile hemangiomas. In some patients—for example, those with hemangiomas of the nasal tip—surgery remains an appropriate option.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laser treatment, especially with PDL, has also been used to treat hemangiomas in the proliferative phase. Numerous studies have confirmed the efficacy of PDL, especially for treating superficial hemangiomas, but its usefulness in the treatment of hemangiomas with a prominent deep component is more limited.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15–19</span></a> Treatment with PDL may cause some adverse effects, including pigmentary changes and, more importantly, the possibility of ulceration and abnormal scarring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> These complications seem to occur more frequently when PDL is used without a cooling system or to treat segmental hemangiomas. We therefore believe that PDL treatment should be administered by properly trained personnel in order to minimize these complications, especially in patients with segmental hemangiomas. Because of their longer wavelength (1064<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm) and, therefore, greater depth of penetration, Nd:YAG lasers are also effective at treating proliferative hemangiomas with a prominent deep component, but their safety margin is smaller than that of PDL.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series, we used dual-wavelength pulses from a PDL and a Nd:YAG laser to treat 2 patients with proliferative infantile hemangiomas with a prominent deep component; marked improvement was observed in both cases. Sequential application of a 595<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm PDL followed by a 1064<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm Nd:YAG laser has been shown to be effective at treating some capillary malformations resistant to conventional PDL treatment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22,23</span></a> cutaneous and mucosal venous malformations,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> and infantile hemangiomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> The response obtained with sequential application is due to the fact that PDL and Nd:YAG lasers have a depth of penetration of approximately 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and 5-6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm, respectively, and therefore reach structures at different dermal layers. Furthermore, PDL is used first. This reduces the oxygenated hemoglobin in the red blood cells to methemoglobin, causing a 3-fold to 5-fold increase in hemoglobin absorption by the Nd:YAG laser and making it possible to set the Nd:YAG laser at a lower fluence, thereby reducing the associated pain and edema.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23,27,28</span></a> This approach can theoretically reduce the adverse effects associated with the use of Nd:YAG lasers as monotherapy because higher fluences increase the risk of atrophy and unattractive scarring associated with the loss of vascular selectivity.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sequential PDL and Nd:YAG laser treatment is more painful than PDL as monotherapy. Local anesthesia is required in most patients, and general anesthesia may be indicated in patients with lesions that cover a large area. Topical local anesthetic was used in most of our patients, but a few patients aged less than 1 or 2 years with small infantile hemangiomas required no anesthetic.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The only study that has examined the use of sequential PDL and Nd:YAG laser treatment for infantile hemangiomas yielded promising results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> The study describes the treatment of hemangiomas in 25 patients. Complete resolution without adverse effects was obtained in 18 patients, complete resolution with slight changes in skin texture or color in 4 patients, and incomplete resolution with possible associated scarring in 3 patients. It is important to note that the patients ranged in age from 3 months to 5 years and that their lesions were in different phases of development. We believe that the results of the treatment of proliferative hemangiomas cannot be considered comparable to the results of, for example, the treatment of telangiectasias in the involuted phase.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beyond the proliferative phase, the treatment of hemangiomas is somewhat less standardized. Because infantile hemangiomas generally follow a course of progressive involution, a watchful-waiting approach is sufficient, although it should be noted that involution can take several years. Fifty percent of infantile hemangiomas have reached the involuted phase by the time the patient reaches age 5 years. However, residual lesions—ranging from nearly imperceptible alterations to severe disfigurement, plus the associated psychological impact—often persist beyond the involuting phase. Active treatment is therefore required in some cases.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recent studies support the hypothesis that the use of propranolol beyond the proliferative phase can accelerate the involution of infantile hemangiomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Treatment with PDL or Nd:YAG lasers has also been shown to be useful during the involuting phase. Unfortunately, because most studies on laser treatment for infantile hemangiomas have included patients ranging in age from a few weeks to several years, the real efficacy of laser treatment in patients with lesions in the involuting phase has not been well established. Our series included 9 patients with involuting hemangiomas, all of whom responded well to the treatment. It should be noted that the effectiveness of any therapeutic measure in patients with involuting hemangiomas is difficult to assess. Because the lesions always follow a natural course of spontaneous involution, it can be difficult to determine whether the treatment was responsible for the observed improvement. We believe that, in most of our patients, treatment with dual-wavelength pulses from a PDL and a Nd:YAG laser played a role in the improvement of the lesions because, in many cases, results were evident after only 1 or 2 sessions. Such improvement is unlikely to occur spontaneously in such a short time. Possibly even more difficult to predict is whether the improvement achieved with laser treatment would have eventually been obtained in the long term by spontaneous involution or if residual lesions would have persisted.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of residual hemangiomas varies according to the predominant component. Surgery may be indicated in cases where redundant fibrofatty tissue persists. In residual lesions characterized by skin texture changes and atrophic scarring, a therapeutic approach similar to that used to treat postacne atrophic scarring may be indicated. In several recent studies, fractional laser treatment has been shown to be effective in the treatment of such lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> However, vascular laser treatment is clearly the first-line treatment in hemangiomas with a predominant vascular component. Lesions of this sort can be effectively treated with PDL, potassium-titanyl-phosphate lasers, or Nd:YAG lasers, all of which are effective in the treatment of telangiectasias secondary to various processes. The selection of one type of laser over the others may be influenced by factors such as vessel thickness and depth, the patient's skin phototype, and the clinician's experience with the various devices.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series, involuted hemangiomas were treated in 11 patients, 7 of whom had previously received PDL treatment for the residual vascular component. Because of its good safety profile, we consider PDL to be the first-line treatment for this type of lesion. However, for some lesions, particularly those consisting of large or deep vessels, the response to PDL treatment may be inadequate. We believe that dual-wavelength PDL and Nd:YAG laser treatment is a good alternative in these situations, as the results of this study show.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the promising results, this study had some limitations that should be noted, such as the lack of a control group and the relatively small number of patients treated. Future research should include randomized trials to confirm the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. Another line of future research should explore the possibility of using lasers in combination with other treatments, such as propranolol, to determine whether the results obtained separately with each treatment can be optimized.</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, we believe that treatment with dual-wavelength pulses from a PDL and a Nd:YAG laser is a good treatment option for infantile hemangiomas in any phase of development when first-line therapies are ineffective or contraindicated.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed their hospital's protocol on the publication of data concerning patients and that all patients included in the study have received sufficient information and have given their written informed consent to participate in the study.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no private patient data are disclosed in this article.</p></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1777510" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1560677" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1777511" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1560674" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and Methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study Population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Procedures" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Assessment" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack628113" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2012-09-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2012-12-25" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1560677" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Dual-wavelength sequential" 1 => "Infantile hemangioma" 2 => "Pulsed dye laser" 3 => "Nd:YAG laser" 4 => "Laser treatment" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1560674" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Doble longitud de onda secuencial" 1 => "Hemangioma infantil" 2 => "Láser de colorante pulsado" 3 => "Láser de Nd:YAG" 4 => "Tratamiento láser" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Background and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor in children. They have 3 phases of development: a proliferative phase, an involuting phase, and involution. Although active treatment is often not required, it is necessary in some cases. Of the possible treatments for hemangiomas, lasers have been shown to be effective in all phases of development. We report our experience with dual-wavelength sequential pulses from a pulsed dye laser and an Nd:YAG laser.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a retrospective, descriptive study of patients with infantile hemangioma in different phases of development treated with pulsed dye laser pulses followed by Nd:YAG laser pulses. Four dermatologists assessed the effectiveness of treatment on a scale of 10 to 0. Adverse effects and incidents related to treatment were recorded. The median and interquartile range were calculated as descriptive statistics. Pretreatment and posttreatment comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon test.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-two patients with hemangiomas in different phases of development were included. A statistically significant improvement was obtained both for the entire group and for different subgroups. Posttreatment events were reported in 4 patients, and included edema and ulceration, skin atrophy, and hyperpigmentation.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We believe that treatment with dual-wavelength light from a pulsed dye laser and a Nd:YAG laser is a viable treatment option for infantile hemangiomas when first-line therapies are ineffective or contraindicated.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los hemangiomas infantiles son los tumores benignos más frecuentes en la infancia, presentando una fase proliferativa, una fase de involución y una fase residual. En muchas ocasiones no precisan de un tratamiento activo. No obstante, en algunos pacientes se impone la necesidad de un tratamiento. Entre las posibilidades terapéuticas ha demostrado utilidad, durante todas las fases evolutivas de la lesión, el tratamiento con láser. Comunicamos nuestra experiencia con el láser dual secuencial de colorante pulsado (LCP) y Nd:YAG.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los pacientes con hemangiomas infantiles en diversas fases evolutivas tratados con el láser dual de LCP y Nd:YAG. Cuatro dermatólogos valoraron el grado de efectividad en una escala del 10 al 0. Se recogieron los efectos adversos e incidencias relativas al tratamiento. En el análisis se utilizó para los valores descriptivos la mediana y el rango intercuartílico y la prueba de Wilcoxon para la comparación pre y postratamiento.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se recogieron 22 pacientes con hemangiomas en distintos estadios evolutivos, obteniéndose una mejoría estadísticamente significativa tanto en el conjunto de todos los pacientes como en los distintos subgrupos. Cuatro pacientes presentaron incidencias postratamiento: edema y ulceración, atrofia cutánea e hiperpigmentación.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos que el láser dual de LCP y Nd:YAG puede ser una alternativa para el tratamiento de hemangiomas infantiles cuando las terapias consideradas de primera línea se muestran ineficaces o están contraindicadas.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Alcántara-González J, et al. Hemangiomas infantiles tratados con aplicación secuencial de láser de colorante pulsado y Nd:YAG: estudio retrospectivo. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:504–11.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2028 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 298611 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Patient number 4 with an involuting infantile hemangioma on the upper lip before treatment. B, Marked improvement without residual scarring, despite ulceration of the labial mucosa, after 1 treatment session.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2027 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 278344 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Patient number 5 with an infantile hemangioma in the early involuting phase. B, Resolution of the lesion after 3 treatment sessions; mild skin atrophy persists in the treated area.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2023 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 298745 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Patient number 6 with an involuting infantile hemangioma on the face. B, Good response of the vascular component after 2 treatment sessions.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 2021 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 364410 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Patient number 22 with residual telangiectasias secondary to hemangiomas on the left upper limb. B, Near resolution of the telangiectasias after 1 treatment session.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Phase of Development \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Site \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prior Treatments \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of PDL-Nd:YAG Laser Treatment Sessions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Proliferative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lower back \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Propranolol, PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Proliferative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Propranolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper lip \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right mandibular area \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Propranolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral corticosteroids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral corticosteroids, propranolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper lip \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral corticosteroids, propranolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left side of face \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgery, PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper lip \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left mandibular area \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgery, PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neck \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgery, PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left cheek \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Propranolol, surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Propranolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Forehead \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Propranolol, PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper lip \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left arm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Characteristics, Prior Treatments, and Number of PDL-Nd:YAG Laser Treatment Sessions for Each Patient.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Degree of Improvement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adverse Effects \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mild atrophy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mucosal ulceration (no residual scarring) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mild atrophy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hyperpigmentation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Degree of Improvement and Adverse Effects in Each Patient.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Degree of improvement was evaluated on a scale of 10 to 0.</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>The proliferative subgroup consisted of just 2 patients; the values shown correspond to one patient each.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Proliferative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Involuting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Involuted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Median (IQR)<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.63 (1.75-5.56) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.0 and 3.5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.75 (1.25-3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.75 (3.75-7.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Degree of Improvement After Treatment in Entire Group and Subgroups of Patients.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Infantile hemangiomas: how common are they? 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 22 | 17 | 39 |
| 2024 October | 92 | 39 | 131 |
| 2024 September | 125 | 24 | 149 |
| 2024 August | 138 | 59 | 197 |
| 2024 July | 109 | 49 | 158 |
| 2024 June | 130 | 57 | 187 |
| 2024 May | 119 | 55 | 174 |
| 2024 April | 98 | 30 | 128 |
| 2024 March | 116 | 40 | 156 |
| 2024 February | 151 | 29 | 180 |
| 2024 January | 115 | 39 | 154 |
| 2023 December | 125 | 28 | 153 |
| 2023 November | 121 | 38 | 159 |
| 2023 October | 146 | 43 | 189 |
| 2023 September | 116 | 31 | 147 |
| 2023 August | 143 | 28 | 171 |
| 2023 July | 165 | 41 | 206 |
| 2023 June | 133 | 34 | 167 |
| 2023 May | 186 | 50 | 236 |
| 2023 April | 168 | 37 | 205 |
| 2023 March | 152 | 36 | 188 |
| 2023 February | 137 | 27 | 164 |
| 2023 January | 71 | 47 | 118 |
| 2022 December | 90 | 42 | 132 |
| 2022 November | 77 | 29 | 106 |
| 2022 October | 106 | 28 | 134 |
| 2022 September | 104 | 30 | 134 |
| 2022 August | 93 | 45 | 138 |
| 2022 July | 115 | 27 | 142 |
| 2022 June | 82 | 22 | 104 |
| 2022 May | 147 | 33 | 180 |
| 2022 April | 154 | 49 | 203 |
| 2022 March | 106 | 55 | 161 |
| 2022 February | 123 | 51 | 174 |
| 2022 January | 173 | 49 | 222 |
| 2021 December | 99 | 40 | 139 |
| 2021 November | 96 | 51 | 147 |
| 2021 October | 64 | 60 | 124 |
| 2021 September | 79 | 41 | 120 |
| 2021 August | 72 | 34 | 106 |
| 2021 July | 69 | 35 | 104 |
| 2021 June | 96 | 32 | 128 |
| 2021 May | 88 | 52 | 140 |
| 2021 April | 207 | 43 | 250 |
| 2021 March | 110 | 50 | 160 |
| 2021 February | 75 | 37 | 112 |
| 2021 January | 58 | 30 | 88 |
| 2020 December | 37 | 33 | 70 |
| 2020 November | 35 | 27 | 62 |
| 2020 October | 27 | 23 | 50 |
| 2020 September | 37 | 20 | 57 |
| 2020 August | 34 | 24 | 58 |
| 2020 July | 40 | 19 | 59 |
| 2020 June | 40 | 24 | 64 |
| 2020 May | 42 | 29 | 71 |
| 2020 April | 29 | 18 | 47 |
| 2020 March | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2020 February | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2020 January | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2019 December | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2019 November | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 September | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2019 August | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2019 July | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| 2019 May | 4 | 33 | 37 |
| 2019 April | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2019 March | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2019 February | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2019 January | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2018 December | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2018 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 October | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2018 September | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 August | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2018 July | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 June | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 May | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2018 March | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| 2018 February | 126 | 9 | 135 |
| 2018 January | 128 | 7 | 135 |
| 2017 December | 169 | 13 | 182 |
| 2017 November | 135 | 5 | 140 |
| 2017 October | 126 | 10 | 136 |
| 2017 September | 118 | 7 | 125 |
| 2017 August | 124 | 13 | 137 |
| 2017 July | 113 | 14 | 127 |
| 2017 June | 106 | 12 | 118 |
| 2017 May | 83 | 9 | 92 |
| 2017 April | 74 | 15 | 89 |
| 2017 March | 66 | 15 | 81 |
| 2017 February | 51 | 7 | 58 |
| 2017 January | 81 | 12 | 93 |
| 2016 December | 120 | 13 | 133 |
| 2016 November | 166 | 10 | 176 |
| 2016 October | 226 | 17 | 243 |
| 2016 September | 218 | 12 | 230 |
| 2016 August | 248 | 18 | 266 |
| 2016 July | 104 | 11 | 115 |
| 2016 June | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2016 May | 6 | 14 | 20 |
| 2016 April | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2016 February | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2016 January | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2015 December | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2015 November | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2015 October | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2015 September | 17 | 2 | 19 |
| 2015 August | 9 | 2 | 11 |
| 2015 July | 194 | 19 | 213 |
| 2015 June | 134 | 2 | 136 |
| 2015 May | 162 | 8 | 170 |
| 2015 April | 146 | 4 | 150 |
| 2015 March | 186 | 3 | 189 |
| 2015 February | 154 | 8 | 162 |
| 2015 January | 89 | 3 | 92 |
| 2014 December | 94 | 4 | 98 |
| 2014 November | 84 | 2 | 86 |
| 2014 October | 94 | 10 | 104 |
| 2014 September | 70 | 0 | 70 |
| 2014 August | 102 | 9 | 111 |
| 2014 July | 104 | 6 | 110 |
| 2014 June | 127 | 6 | 133 |
| 2014 May | 92 | 8 | 100 |
| 2014 April | 118 | 3 | 121 |
| 2014 March | 102 | 15 | 117 |
| 2014 February | 76 | 6 | 82 |
| 2014 January | 77 | 13 | 90 |
| 2013 December | 65 | 10 | 75 |
| 2013 November | 35 | 6 | 41 |
| 2013 October | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2013 September | 12 | 12 | 24 |
| 2013 August | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2013 July | 8 | 7 | 15 |
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