Cases for Diagnosis
Generalized Eruption in a Child
Erupción generalizada en una niña
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Martí, C. Monteagudo, V. Alonso" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Martí" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "nuriamarfa@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Monteagudo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Alonso" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Nisa 9 de Octubre, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Clínico de Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Erupción generalizada en una niña" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1175 "Ancho" => 1192 "Tamanyo" => 62377 ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Medical History</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 9-year-old girl with a history of obesity came to our clinic for evaluation of pruritic skin lesions that had appeared over 3 months earlier on the trunk and limbs. She had not received any pharmacological treatments or vaccinations and no infections or family history of skin diseases were reported.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Physical Examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed flat, pink polygonal papules and plaques with fine superficial scaling in the form of whitish lines. These lesions affected the ankles, upper limbs, trunk (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), and palms and soles (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). In addition, the fingernails showed longitudinal ridges and some of them showed fraying of the distal edges. There was no involvement of the scalp or mucous membranes. A Koebner phenomenon was observed on scratched skin.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Histology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology revealed acanthosis, hypergranulosis, and lichenoid infiltrate with marked damage to basal keratinocytes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Additional Tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory tests (routine blood and urine tests, biochemistry, and hepatitis serology) revealed no pathological findings.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is your diagnosis?</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Childhood lichen planus.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Clinical Course and Treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was treated with oral antihistamines and medium-potency topical corticosteroids for 2 weeks and subsequently with a 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. In 2 months she achieved complete remission.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lichen planus, first described by Wilson in 1869,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects the skin, mucous membranes, and skin appendages and is more common in adults. Cases of this disease in children account for 1–4% of the total, although the incidence appears to be higher in darkly pigmented races. Lichen planus affects men and women equally and is extremely rare in children under 4 years of age. In the literature there are very few reports of childhood lichen planus with involvement of palms and soles.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The typical presentation of lichen planus is as small, flat, violaceous polygonal papules that cause severe itching. The lesions appear as a symmetrical eruption that may be generalized or affect a few areas. They are located mainly on the anterior face of the wrists, the backs of the hands, the lumbar region, and the pretibial area, with exceptional involvement of the face, scalp, and palms and soles. In children the lesions are frequently eruptive and involvement of the trunk is more frequent than in adults.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cases of lichen planus occurring after hepatitis B vaccination have been reported. In these cases the lesions usually appear a median of 40 days after vaccination. They tend to start on the limbs and cases with a bullous component are not infrequent.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The duration of the disease varies from a few weeks to several years. Although lichen planus is usually a skin disease without other systemic involvement, it can sometimes be associated with autoimmune diseases and chronic hepatitis, especially hepatitis C virus in some areas where it has a high prevalence, such as Spain, Italy, and France.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Involvement of palms and soles, which is uncommon in adults,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> is even more uncommon in children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> Recently, Handa and Sahoo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> found 2 cases (2.3%) of lichen planus with involvement of palms and soles in their study of 87 children with lichen planus. On the palms and soles the lesions do not have the typical clinical presentation of lichen planus, so diagnosis is difficult. Furthermore, Wickham striae are not observed, probably because of the greater thickness of the stratum corneum. However, the histopathologic characteristics are similar to those of other locations.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Medical History" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Physical Examination" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Histology" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Additional Tests" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Diagnosis" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Clinical Course and Treatment" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Comment" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Martí N, et al. Erupción generalizada en una niña. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:153–6.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1175 "Ancho" => 1192 "Tamanyo" => 62377 ] ] ] 1 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 903 "Ancho" => 1337 "Tamanyo" => 90899 ] ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1188 "Ancho" => 1582 "Tamanyo" => 323593 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×20.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "On lichen planus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E. 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Alsaleh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "4" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11583021" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Childhood lichen planus: a study of 87 cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Handa" 1 => "B. Sahoo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "423" "paginaFinal" => "427" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12121559" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016510708028435" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165107" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lichen planus in 24 children with review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P. Luis-Montoya" 1 => "L. Dominguez-Soto" 2 => "E. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2024 October | 90 | 34 | 124 |
| 2024 September | 78 | 18 | 96 |
| 2024 August | 119 | 65 | 184 |
| 2024 July | 98 | 38 | 136 |
| 2024 June | 85 | 38 | 123 |
| 2024 May | 61 | 33 | 94 |
| 2024 April | 88 | 29 | 117 |
| 2024 March | 79 | 22 | 101 |
| 2024 February | 57 | 29 | 86 |
| 2024 January | 53 | 38 | 91 |
| 2023 December | 62 | 17 | 79 |
| 2023 November | 65 | 31 | 96 |
| 2023 October | 47 | 20 | 67 |
| 2023 September | 54 | 35 | 89 |
| 2023 August | 25 | 25 | 50 |
| 2023 July | 32 | 43 | 75 |
| 2023 June | 46 | 18 | 64 |
| 2023 May | 36 | 31 | 67 |
| 2023 April | 36 | 13 | 49 |
| 2023 March | 38 | 27 | 65 |
| 2023 February | 40 | 22 | 62 |
| 2023 January | 27 | 23 | 50 |
| 2022 December | 51 | 47 | 98 |
| 2022 November | 55 | 39 | 94 |
| 2022 October | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2022 September | 19 | 28 | 47 |
| 2022 August | 22 | 21 | 43 |
| 2022 July | 23 | 30 | 53 |
| 2022 June | 20 | 26 | 46 |
| 2022 May | 46 | 29 | 75 |
| 2022 April | 46 | 31 | 77 |
| 2022 March | 57 | 53 | 110 |
| 2022 February | 57 | 30 | 87 |
| 2022 January | 34 | 34 | 68 |
| 2021 December | 29 | 40 | 69 |
| 2021 November | 33 | 45 | 78 |
| 2021 October | 29 | 53 | 82 |
| 2021 September | 25 | 42 | 67 |
| 2021 August | 22 | 40 | 62 |
| 2021 July | 27 | 25 | 52 |
| 2021 June | 33 | 23 | 56 |
| 2021 May | 31 | 47 | 78 |
| 2021 April | 69 | 71 | 140 |
| 2021 March | 55 | 23 | 78 |
| 2021 February | 55 | 13 | 68 |
| 2021 January | 28 | 13 | 41 |
| 2020 December | 10 | 17 | 27 |
| 2020 November | 22 | 15 | 37 |
| 2020 October | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2020 September | 29 | 11 | 40 |
| 2020 August | 21 | 16 | 37 |
| 2020 July | 14 | 20 | 34 |
| 2020 June | 30 | 24 | 54 |
| 2020 May | 24 | 21 | 45 |
| 2020 April | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2020 March | 25 | 16 | 41 |
| 2020 February | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 15 | 15 |
| 2019 May | 1 | 32 | 33 |
| 2019 April | 1 | 9 | 10 |
| 2019 March | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2019 January | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2018 December | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 October | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 February | 25 | 3 | 28 |
| 2018 January | 42 | 6 | 48 |
| 2017 December | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2017 November | 25 | 4 | 29 |
| 2017 October | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2017 September | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2017 August | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2017 July | 37 | 15 | 52 |
| 2017 June | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2017 May | 27 | 9 | 36 |
| 2017 April | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2017 March | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2017 February | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2017 January | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2016 December | 47 | 4 | 51 |
| 2016 November | 45 | 14 | 59 |
| 2016 October | 64 | 25 | 89 |
| 2016 September | 53 | 4 | 57 |
| 2016 August | 39 | 5 | 44 |
| 2016 July | 29 | 10 | 39 |
| 2016 June | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2016 May | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2016 April | 5 | 32 | 37 |
| 2016 March | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2016 February | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2016 January | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2015 December | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2015 November | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2015 October | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2015 September | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2015 August | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2015 July | 40 | 5 | 45 |
| 2015 June | 35 | 12 | 47 |
| 2015 May | 62 | 11 | 73 |
| 2015 April | 48 | 10 | 58 |
| 2015 March | 55 | 8 | 63 |
| 2015 February | 40 | 5 | 45 |
| 2015 January | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2014 December | 42 | 12 | 54 |
| 2014 November | 30 | 7 | 37 |
| 2014 October | 50 | 13 | 63 |
| 2014 September | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2014 August | 52 | 10 | 62 |
| 2014 July | 54 | 14 | 68 |
| 2014 June | 83 | 9 | 92 |
| 2014 May | 91 | 12 | 103 |
| 2014 April | 50 | 8 | 58 |
| 2014 March | 74 | 14 | 88 |
| 2014 February | 26 | 5 | 31 |
| 2014 January | 33 | 1 | 34 |
| 2013 December | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2013 November | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| 2013 October | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2013 September | 15 | 5 | 20 |
| 2013 August | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2013 July | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2013 June | 15 | 2 | 17 |
| 2013 May | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2013 April | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2013 March | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2013 February | 40 | 9 | 49 |
| 2013 January | 16 | 3 | 19 |
| 2012 December | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2012 November | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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