Original Article
Pattern of Contact Sensitization to Paraphenylenediamine and Its Detection in Hair Dyes
Patrón de sensibilización por contacto a parafenilendiamina y su detección en tintes capilares
J.M. Fernández-Vozmediano
, M. Padilla-Moreno, J.C. Armario-Hita, C. Carranza-Romero
Corresponding author
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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"documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102:199-205" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2434 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 43 "HTML" => 1551 "PDF" => 840 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Melanoma, Altitude, and UV-B Radiation" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "199" "paginaFinal" => "205" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Melanoma, altitud y radiación UVB" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "P. Aceituno-Madera, A. Buendía-Eisman, F.J. Olmo, J.J. Jiménez-Moleón, S. Serrano-Ortega" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Aceituno-Madera" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Buendía-Eisman" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Olmo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Moleón" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Serrano-Ortega" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219011707855?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000010200000003/v1_201304241541/S1578219011707855/v1_201304241541/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Pattern of Contact Sensitization to Paraphenylenediamine and Its Detection in Hair Dyes" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "206" "paginaFinal" => "211" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J.M. Fernández-Vozmediano, M. Padilla-Moreno, J.C. Armario-Hita, C. Carranza-Romero" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vozmediano" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fdezvozmediano@dermasur.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Padilla-Moreno" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Armario-Hita" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Carranza-Romero" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Patrón de sensibilización por contacto a parafenilendiamina y su detección en tintes capilares" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2010-03-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2010-03-31" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84874" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Paraphenylenediamine" 1 => "Allergen detection" 2 => "Hair dyes" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84875" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Parafenilendiamina" 1 => "Detección de alérgenos" 2 => "Tintes capilares" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One of the greatest challenges in occupational dermatology is the identification of chemical substances used by patients in their work in order to determine their allergenic potential. Numerous techniques have been described for the identification of allergenic compounds. These tests must be sensitive, specific, and safe. We describe a study to detect the presence of paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dyes that are commercially available in Spain.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We undertook an experimental study involving qualitative and semiquantitative detection of PPD in hair dyes sold in Spain. The qualitative technique we used was a previously described colorimetric method involving dilution of the dye with isopropyl alcohol followed by addition of a reagent solution (1g of vanilla in 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of isopropyl alcohol and 7.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of hydrochloric acid). A quantitative study was then done in which the dye was extracted in 96% ethanol and subjected to 1-dimensional thin-layer chromatography.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 15 brown and 12 blonde dyes were analyzed. PPD was identified in all of the brown dyes analyzed, irrespective of whether it was indicated (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) or not (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3) in the composition. PPD was found in 6 of the 9 blonde dyes that indicated it in the composition and 2 of the 3 in which it was not indicated. Semiquantitative analysis by thin-layer chromatography revealed that the concentration of PPD in brown hair dyes (mean, 3%) was higher than in blonde dyes (mean, 0.1–0.3%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The presence of PPD in hair dyes is related to the color of the dye. It is consistently present in darker dyes and at low levels in blonde dyes. This study highlights the clinical and epidemiological importance of identifying allergens in dermatology, particularly in occupational dermatology.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uno de los retos más difíciles en el campo de la Dermatología laboral es la identificación de las sustancias químicas con las que trabaja el enfermo para poder determinar su capacidad alergénica. Se han descrito múltiples técnicas para poder identificar las distintas sustancias alergénicas contenidas en la composición de las sustancias que maneja el enfermo. Estas pruebas de detección de alérgenos deben ser sensibles, específicas y seguras. Presentamos un estudio experimental cuyo objetivo es detectar la presencia de parafenilendiamina en tintes capilares comercializados en nuestro país.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos realizado un estudio experimental con el fin de realizar una detección cualitativa y semicuantitativa de parafenilendiamina en tintes capilares comercializados en nuestro país. Como técnica cualitativa utilizamos la técnica de identificación descrita consistente en la dilución del tinte con alcohol isopropílico y con posterioridad se añade la solución reactiva (1 g de vainilla en 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml de alcohol isopropílico y 7,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml de ácido clorhídrico). Esta prueba da una respuesta colorimétrica que indica la presencia o no del alérgeno en el tinte capilar. Con posterioridad hemos procedido a realizar un estudio cualitativo mediante la extracción del colorante con etanol 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°, seguido de una cromatografía en capa fina monodimensional.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron un total de 15 tintes de color castaño o moreno y 12 tintes de color rubio. Este estudio nos permitió identificar la PPD en todos los tintes capilares morenos estudiados, con independencia de que su presencia estuviera indicada (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) o no (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3) en la composición del tinte. Comprobamos la presencia de PPD en 6 de los 9 tintes rubios que indicaban la presencia de PPD en su composición y en 2 de los 3 que no la indicaban. La valoración semicuantitativa mediante cromatografía de capa fina nos permitió confirmar que la concentración de PPD utilizada en los tintes capilares de color moreno era superior (media del 3%) a la de los tintes rubios (media del 0,1–0,3%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La presencia de PPD en tintes capilares está en relación con la coloración del tinte, siendo constante en los de color oscuro y de intensidad baja en los rubios. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia clínica y epidemiológica que tiene la identificación de alérgenos en la Dermatología, y de forma más concreta, en el campo de la Dermatología laboral.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2024 October | 78 | 51 | 129 |
| 2024 September | 66 | 28 | 94 |
| 2024 August | 79 | 56 | 135 |
| 2024 July | 70 | 31 | 101 |
| 2024 June | 75 | 34 | 109 |
| 2024 May | 65 | 28 | 93 |
| 2024 April | 59 | 28 | 87 |
| 2024 March | 59 | 32 | 91 |
| 2024 February | 44 | 32 | 76 |
| 2024 January | 40 | 44 | 84 |
| 2023 December | 41 | 39 | 80 |
| 2023 November | 64 | 35 | 99 |
| 2023 October | 59 | 30 | 89 |
| 2023 September | 57 | 32 | 89 |
| 2023 August | 29 | 40 | 69 |
| 2023 July | 27 | 41 | 68 |
| 2023 June | 43 | 22 | 65 |
| 2023 May | 45 | 34 | 79 |
| 2023 April | 22 | 19 | 41 |
| 2023 March | 20 | 24 | 44 |
| 2023 February | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2023 January | 24 | 38 | 62 |
| 2022 December | 29 | 48 | 77 |
| 2022 November | 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 2022 October | 14 | 33 | 47 |
| 2022 September | 21 | 42 | 63 |
| 2022 August | 22 | 44 | 66 |
| 2022 July | 24 | 30 | 54 |
| 2022 June | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2022 May | 18 | 35 | 53 |
| 2022 April | 22 | 41 | 63 |
| 2022 March | 23 | 49 | 72 |
| 2022 February | 14 | 35 | 49 |
| 2022 January | 23 | 38 | 61 |
| 2021 December | 23 | 38 | 61 |
| 2021 November | 25 | 61 | 86 |
| 2021 October | 31 | 49 | 80 |
| 2021 September | 25 | 53 | 78 |
| 2021 August | 16 | 31 | 47 |
| 2021 July | 20 | 35 | 55 |
| 2021 June | 20 | 47 | 67 |
| 2021 May | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2021 April | 31 | 34 | 65 |
| 2021 March | 33 | 17 | 50 |
| 2021 February | 30 | 23 | 53 |
| 2021 January | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2020 December | 22 | 10 | 32 |
| 2020 November | 13 | 17 | 30 |
| 2020 October | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2020 September | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2020 August | 15 | 23 | 38 |
| 2020 July | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2020 June | 27 | 27 | 54 |
| 2020 May | 21 | 17 | 38 |
| 2020 April | 18 | 13 | 31 |
| 2020 March | 26 | 22 | 48 |
| 2020 February | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 15 | 15 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 August | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 61 | 61 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 14 | 14 |
| 2019 March | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| 2018 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 March | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 February | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2018 January | 17 | 5 | 22 |
| 2017 December | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2017 November | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2017 October | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2017 September | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2017 August | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2017 July | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2017 June | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2017 May | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2017 April | 28 | 13 | 41 |
| 2017 March | 23 | 23 | 46 |
| 2017 February | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2017 January | 19 | 6 | 25 |
| 2016 December | 34 | 8 | 42 |
| 2016 November | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2016 October | 35 | 16 | 51 |
| 2016 September | 37 | 12 | 49 |
| 2016 August | 54 | 13 | 67 |
| 2016 July | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2016 June | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2016 May | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2016 April | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2016 March | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2016 February | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2016 January | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2015 December | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2015 November | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2015 October | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2015 September | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2015 August | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2015 July | 37 | 17 | 54 |
| 2015 June | 45 | 11 | 56 |
| 2015 May | 62 | 21 | 83 |
| 2015 April | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2015 March | 47 | 15 | 62 |
| 2015 February | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2015 January | 27 | 16 | 43 |
| 2014 December | 25 | 19 | 44 |
| 2014 November | 23 | 15 | 38 |
| 2014 October | 32 | 24 | 56 |
| 2014 September | 50 | 27 | 77 |
| 2014 August | 42 | 17 | 59 |
| 2014 July | 40 | 26 | 66 |
| 2014 June | 48 | 15 | 63 |
| 2014 May | 54 | 17 | 71 |
| 2014 April | 40 | 11 | 51 |
| 2014 March | 46 | 25 | 71 |
| 2014 February | 31 | 19 | 50 |
| 2014 January | 32 | 35 | 67 |
| 2013 December | 37 | 13 | 50 |
| 2013 November | 21 | 27 | 48 |
| 2013 October | 34 | 22 | 56 |
| 2013 September | 37 | 26 | 63 |
| 2013 August | 47 | 67 | 114 |
| 2013 July | 38 | 28 | 66 |
| 2013 June | 40 | 48 | 88 |
| 2013 May | 36 | 48 | 84 |
| 2013 April | 46 | 55 | 101 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 22 | 30 |
| 2013 February | 5 | 8 | 13 |
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